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Plant Communications Nov 2023Plant mineral nutrition is essential for crop yields and human health. However, the uneven distribution of mineral elements over time and space leads to a lack or excess... (Review)
Review
Plant mineral nutrition is essential for crop yields and human health. However, the uneven distribution of mineral elements over time and space leads to a lack or excess of available mineral elements in plants. Among the essential nutrients, calcium (Ca) stands out as a prominent second messenger that plays crucial roles in response to extracellular stimuli in all eukaryotes. Distinct Ca signatures with unique parameters are induced by different stresses and deciphered by various Ca sensors. Recent research on the participation of Ca signaling in regulation of mineral elements has made great progress. In this review, we focus on the impact of Ca signaling on plant mineral uptake and detoxification. Specifically, we emphasize the significance of Ca signaling for regulation of plant mineral nutrition and delve into key points and novel avenues for future investigations, aiming to offer new insights into plant ion homeostasis.
Topics: Humans; Calcium Signaling; Minerals; Plants; Calcium; Homeostasis
PubMed: 37635354
DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100678 -
Bone Research Oct 2023Mineral and bone disorder (MBD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is tightly linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study, we aimed to compare the prognostic...
Mineral and bone disorder (MBD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is tightly linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study, we aimed to compare the prognostic value of nine MBD biomarkers to determine those associated best with adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and mortality. In 5 217 participants of the German CKD (GCKD) study enrolled with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 30-60 mL·min per 1.73 m or overt proteinuria, serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), C-terminal fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), cross-linked C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX1), procollagen 1 intact N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), phosphate, calcium, and 25-OH vitamin D were measured at baseline. Participants with missing values among these parameters (n = 971) were excluded, leaving a total of 4 246 participants for analysis. During a median follow-up of 6.5 years, 387 non-CV deaths, 173 CV deaths, 645 nonfatal major adverse CV events (MACEs) and 368 hospitalizations for congestive heart failure (CHF) were observed. OPG and FGF23 were associated with all outcomes, with the highest hazard ratios (HRs) for OPG. In the final Cox regression model, adjusted for CV risk factors, including kidney function and all other investigated biomarkers, each standard deviation increase in OPG was associated with non-CV death (HR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.35-2.30), CV death (HR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.50-3.16), MACE (HR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.12-1.71) and hospitalization for CHF (HR 2.05, 95% CI: 1.56-2.69). Out of the nine biomarkers examined, stratification based on serum OPG best identified the CKD patients who were at the highest risk for any adverse CV outcome and mortality.
Topics: Humans; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Minerals; Parathyroid Hormone; Vitamin D; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37857629
DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00291-8 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Nov 2023Although the impact of sex hormones on bone metabolism is well-documented, effect of their primary modulator, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), remains inconclusive.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Genetic Correlation, Shared Loci, and Causal Association Between Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Bone Mineral Density: Insights From a Large-Scale Genomewide Cross-Trait Analysis.
Although the impact of sex hormones on bone metabolism is well-documented, effect of their primary modulator, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), remains inconclusive. This study aims to elucidate the genetic overlap between SHBG and heel estimated bone mineral density (eBMD), a widely-accepted tool for osteoporosis management and fracture risk assessment. Using summary statistics from large-scale genomewide association studies conducted for SHBG (N = 370,125), SHBG adjusted for body mass index (SHBGa, N = 368,929), and eBMD (N = 426,824), a comprehensive genomewide cross-trait approach was performed to quantify global and local genetic correlations, identify pleiotropic loci, and infer causal associations. A significant overall inverse genetic correlation was found for SHBG and eBMD (r = -0.11, p = 3.34 × 10 ), which was further supported by the significant local genetic correlations observed in 11 genomic regions. Cross-trait meta-analysis revealed 219 shared loci, of which seven were novel. Notably, four novel loci (rs6542680, rs8178616, rs147110934, and rs815625) were further demonstrated to colocalize. Mendelian randomization identified a robust causal effect of SHBG on eBMD (beta = -0.22, p = 3.04 × 10 ), with comparable effect sizes observed in both men (beta = -0.16, p = 1.99 × 10 ) and women (beta = -0.19, p = 2.73 × 10 ). Replacing SHBG with SHBGa, the observed genetic correlations, pleiotropic loci and causal associations did not change substantially. Our work reveals a shared genetic basis between SHBG and eBMD, substantiated by multiple pleiotropic loci and a robust causal relationship. Although SHBG has been implicated in preventing and screening aging-related diseases, our findings support its etiological role in osteoporosis. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Bone Density; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Minerals; Osteoporosis; Phenotype; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
PubMed: 37615194
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4904 -
Annals of Botany Jul 2023Silicon and aluminium oxides make the bulk of agricultural soils. Plants absorb dissolved silicon as silicic acid into their bodies through their roots. The silicic acid... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Silicon and aluminium oxides make the bulk of agricultural soils. Plants absorb dissolved silicon as silicic acid into their bodies through their roots. The silicic acid moves with transpiration to target tissues in the plant body, where it polymerizes into biogenic silica. Mostly, the mineral forms on a matrix of cell wall polymers to create a composite material. Historically, silica deposition (silicification) was supposed to occur once water evaporated from the plant surface, leaving behind an increased concentration of silicic acid within plant tissues. However, recent publications indicate that certain cell wall polymers and proteins initiate and control the extent of plant silicification.
SCOPE
Here we review recent publications on the polymers that scaffold the formation of biogenic plant silica, and propose a paradigm shift from spontaneous polymerization of silicic acid to dedicated active metabolic processes that control both the location and the extent of the mineralization.
CONCLUSION
Protein activity concentrates silicic acid beyond its saturation level. Polymeric structures at the cell wall stabilize the supersaturated silicic acid and allow its flow with the transpiration stream, or bind it and allow its initial condensation. Silica nucleation and further polymerization are enabled on a polymeric scaffold, which is embedded within the mineral. Deposition is terminated once free silicic acid is consumed or the chemical moieties for its binding are saturated.
Topics: Silicon Dioxide; Silicic Acid; Silicon; Plants; Polymers
PubMed: 37094329
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad056 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Spodumene flotation stands as the most commonly used method to concentrate lithium minerals. However, it faces significant challenges related to low collector recoveries... (Review)
Review
Spodumene flotation stands as the most commonly used method to concentrate lithium minerals. However, it faces significant challenges related to low collector recoveries and similarity in the surface characteristics of the minerals, which make the effective separation of this valuable mineral difficult. For this reason, numerous researchers have conducted studies to address and confront this problem. In this work, an exhaustive bibliographic search was carried out using keywords and search queries, and the results were structured in three sections according to temporal, methodological, and thematic criteria. The first section covers the period from 1950 to 2004, focusing on experimental tests. The second section covers from 2004 to the present and focuses on flotation tests and measurement analysis. Simultaneously, the third section spans from 2011 to the present and is based on molecular dynamics simulations. Topics covered include spodumene surface properties, the influence of metal ions, pre-treatment techniques, and the use of collectors. Ultimately, molecular dynamics simulations are positioned as a tool that accurately represents experimental phenomena. In this context, specialized software such as Materials Studio or Gromacs prove to be reliable instruments that allow a detailed study of mineral surfaces and other elements to be carried out, which justifies their consideration for future research in this scientific field.
Topics: Minerals; Metals; Lithium; Ions
PubMed: 38542200
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063227 -
PeerJ 2023The social acceptability of wild freshwater macrophytes as locally consumed vegetables is widespread. Freshwater macrophytes have several uses; for example, they can be...
BACKGROUND
The social acceptability of wild freshwater macrophytes as locally consumed vegetables is widespread. Freshwater macrophytes have several uses; for example, they can be used as food for humans. This study determined the proximate composition and mineral content of three freshwater macrophyte species, , , , and .
METHODS
Young shoots of , , and were collected from shallow channels of Puchong (3°00'11.89″N, 101°42'43.12″E), Ladang 10, Universiti Putra Malaysia (2°58'44.41″N, 101°42'44.45″E), and Kampung Alur Selibong, Langgar (06°5'50.9″N, 100°26'49.8″E), Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. The nutritional values of these macrophytes were analysed by using a standard protocol from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Eight replicates of and and four replicates of were used for the subsequent analyses.
RESULTS
In the proximate analysis, possessed the highest percentage of crude protein (29.61%) and energy content (4,269.65 cal g), whereas had the highest percentage of crude fat (5.75%) and ash (18.31%). The proximate composition trend for each species was different; specifically, all of the species possessed more carbohydrates and fewer crude lipids. All of the species demonstrated a similar mineral trend, with high nitrogen and potassium and lower copper contents. Nitrogen and potassium levels ranged from 12,380-40,380 mg kg and from 11,212-33,276 mg kg, respectively, and copper levels ranged from 16-27 mg kg. The results showed that all three plant species, i.e., , and are plant-based sources of macro- and micronutrient beneficial supplements for human consumption.
Topics: Humans; Copper; Minerals; Vegetables; Potassium; Fresh Water; Nutritive Value; Nitrogen
PubMed: 37456903
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15496 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023The qualitative X-ray phase analysis of natural and artificial food sweeteners was applied to trace the authenticity of such food additives. The mineral composition of...
The qualitative X-ray phase analysis of natural and artificial food sweeteners was applied to trace the authenticity of such food additives. The mineral composition of different sweeteners commonly added to foods was studied to estimate their mineral profiles and assess the risk related to the toxic elements intake caused by sweetener consumption. The concentration of twenty elements (Ag, Al, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn) was measured using the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method after the representative samples were wet-digested with a concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide mixture in a closed-vessel microwave-assisted system. Differences between the mineral compositions of the examined sweeteners were statistically evaluated and discussed. The relationships between the concentrations of the elements determined in the analyzed sweeteners were also investigated. The successful application of the X-ray powder diffraction method proved the identity of all investigated sweeteners; all the analyzed products contained the expected sweetening agent. The results of the quantification of all the elements in the examined sweeteners indicated that these products cannot be considered nutritionally dense. Hence, the presence of toxic elements like Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb distinctly indicates the need to test such products to guarantee their quality and ensure consumer safety.
Topics: Trace Elements; Sweetening Agents; Cadmium; Lead; Minerals
PubMed: 37764393
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186618 -
Renal Failure Dec 2024The assessment of left ventricular (LV) remodeling and its association with mineral and bone disorder (MBD) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have not been...
BACKGROUND
The assessment of left ventricular (LV) remodeling and its association with mineral and bone disorder (MBD) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have not been systematically studied. We aimed to evaluate LV remodeling changes one year after kidney transplantation (KT) and identify their influencing factors.
METHODS
Ninety-five KTRs (68 males; ages 40.2 ± 10.8 years) were followed before and one year after KT. Traditional risk factors and bone metabolism indicators were assessed. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) were measured using two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. The relationship between MBD and LV remodeling and the factors influencing LV remodeling were analyzed.
RESULTS
One year after KT, MBD was partially improved, mainly characterized by hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, 25-(OH) vitamin D deficiency, elevated bone turnover markers, and bone loss. LVMI, the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and the prevalence of LVDD decreased, while LVEF increased. LVH was positively associated with postoperative intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and iPTH nonnormalization. △LVMI was positively associated with preoperative type-I collagen N-terminal peptide and postoperative iPTH. LVEF was negatively associated with postoperative phosphorous. △LVEF was negatively associated with postoperative iPTH. LVDD was positively associated with postoperative lumbar spine osteoporosis. Preoperative LVMI was negatively associated with △LVMI and positively associated with △LVEF. Advanced age, increased BMI, diabetes, longer dialysis time, lower albumin level, and higher total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels were associated with LV remodeling.
CONCLUSIONS
LV remodeling partially improved after KT, showing a close relationship with MBD.
Topics: Male; Humans; Stroke Volume; Kidney Transplantation; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Remodeling; Minerals; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
PubMed: 38263697
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2023.2300303 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 2023The Fe content and the morphometry of asbestos are two major factors linked to its toxicity. This study explored the use of microbe-mineral interactions between asbestos...
The Fe content and the morphometry of asbestos are two major factors linked to its toxicity. This study explored the use of microbe-mineral interactions between asbestos (and asbestos-like) minerals and thermophilic chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms as possible mineral dissolution treatments targeting their toxic properties. The removal of Fe from crocidolite was tested through chemolithoautotrophic Fe(III) reduction activities at 60°C. Chrysotile and tremolite-actinolite were tested for dissolution and potential release of elements like Si and Mg through biosilicification processes at 75°C. Our results show that chemolithoautotrophic Fe(III) reduction activities by Deferrisoma palaeochoriense were supported with crocidolite as the sole source of Fe(III) used as a terminal electron acceptor during respiration. Microbial Fe(III) reduction activities resulted in higher Fe release rates from crocidolite in comparison to previous studies on Fe leaching from crocidolite through Fe assimilation activities by soil fungi. Evidence of biosilicification in Thermovibrio ammonificans did not correspond with increased Si and Mg release from chrysotile or tremolite-actinolite dissolution. However, overall Si and Mg release from chrysotile into our experimental medium outmatched previously reported capabilities for Si and Mg release from chrysotile by fungi. Differences in the profiles of elements released from chrysotile and tremolite-actinolite during microbe-mineral experiments with underscored the relevance of underlying crystallochemical differences in driving mineral dissolution and elemental bioavailability. Experimental studies targeting the interactions between chemolithoautotrophs and asbestos (or asbestos-like) minerals offer new access to the mechanisms behind crystallochemical mineral alterations and their role in the development of tailored asbestos treatments. We explored the potential of chemosynthetic microorganisms growing at high temperatures to induce the release of key elements (mainly iron, silicon, and magnesium) involved in the known toxic properties (iron content and fibrous mineral shapes) of asbestos minerals. We show for the first time that the microbial respiration of iron from amphibole asbestos releases some of the iron contained in the mineral while supporting microbial growth. Another microorganism imposed on the two main types of asbestos minerals (serpentines and amphiboles) resulted in distinct elemental release profiles for each type of asbestos during mineral dissolution. Despite evidence of microbially mediated dissolution in all minerals, none of the microorganisms tested disrupted the structure of the asbestos mineral fibers. Further constraints on the relationships between elemental release rates, amount of starting asbestos, reaction volumes, and incubation times will be required to better compare asbestos dissolution treatments studied to date.
Topics: Asbestos, Serpentine; Asbestos, Crocidolite; Ferric Compounds; Asbestos; Minerals; Iron; Bacteria, Anaerobic
PubMed: 37184266
DOI: 10.1128/aem.02048-22 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Oct 2023The relationship between vitamin D metabolites and lower body (pelvis and lower limb) overuse injury is unclear. In a prospective cohort study, we investigated the...
The relationship between vitamin D metabolites and lower body (pelvis and lower limb) overuse injury is unclear. In a prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between vitamin D metabolites and incidence of lower body overuse musculoskeletal and bone stress injury in young adults undergoing initial military training during all seasons. In 1637 men and 530 women (aged 22.6 ± 7.5 years; body mass index [BMI], 24.0 ± 2.6 kg/m ; 94.3% white ethnicity), we measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH) D) by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH) D) by immunoassay during week 1 of training. We examined whether the relationship between 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) D:24,25(OH) D ratio was associated with overuse injury. During 12 weeks of training, 21.0% sustained ≥1 overuse musculoskeletal injury, and 5.6% sustained ≥1 bone stress injury. After controlling for sex, BMI, 2.4 km run time, smoking, bone injury history, and Army training course (Officer, standard, or Infantry), lower body overuse musculoskeletal injury incidence was higher for participants within the second lowest versus highest quartile of 24,25(OH) D (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-2.32; p = 0.009) and lowest versus highest cluster of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) D:24,25(OH) D (OR = 6.30; 95% CI 1.89-21.2; p = 0.003). Lower body bone stress injury incidence was higher for participants within the lowest versus highest quartile of 24,25(OH) D (OR = 4.02; 95% CI 1.82-8.87; p < 0.001) and lowest versus highest cluster of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) D:24,25(OH) D (OR = 22.08; 95% CI 3.26-149.4; p = 0.001), after controlling for the same covariates. Greater conversion of 25(OH)D to 24,25(OH) D, relative to 1,25(OH) D (ie, low 1,25(OH) D:24,25(OH) D), and higher serum 24,25(OH) D were associated with a lower incidence of lower body overuse musculoskeletal and bone stress injury. Serum 24,25(OH) D may have a role in preventing overuse injury in young adults undertaking arduous physical training. © 2023 Crown copyright and The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the King's Printer for Scotland.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Young Adult; Prospective Studies; Vitamin D; Calcifediol; Cumulative Trauma Disorders; Minerals
PubMed: 37526272
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4890