-
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024The development of metallic joint prostheses has been ongoing for more than a century alongside advancements in hip and knee arthroplasty. Among the materials utilized,... (Review)
Review
The development of metallic joint prostheses has been ongoing for more than a century alongside advancements in hip and knee arthroplasty. Among the materials utilized, the Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) and Titanium-Aluminum-Vanadium (Ti-Al-V) alloys are predominant in joint prosthesis construction, predominantly due to their commendable biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance. Nonetheless, over time, the physical wear, electrochemical corrosion, and inflammation induced by these alloys that occur post-implantation can cause the release of various metallic components. The released metals can then flow and metabolize in vivo, subsequently causing potential local or systemic harm. This review first details joint prosthesis development and acknowledges the release of prosthetic metals. Second, we outline the metallic concentration, biodistribution, and elimination pathways of the released prosthetic metals. Lastly, we discuss the possible organ, cellular, critical biomolecules, and significant signaling pathway toxicities and adverse effects that arise from exposure to these metals.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Metals; Metal-on-Metal Joint Prostheses; Tissue Distribution; Titanium; Joint Prosthesis; Prosthesis Design; Alloys
PubMed: 38855732
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S459255 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023The pyranopterin dithiolene ligand is remarkable in terms of its geometric and electronic structure and is uniquely found in mononuclear molybdenum and tungsten enzymes.... (Review)
Review
The pyranopterin dithiolene ligand is remarkable in terms of its geometric and electronic structure and is uniquely found in mononuclear molybdenum and tungsten enzymes. The pyranopterin dithiolene is found coordinated to the metal ion, deeply buried within the protein, and non-covalently attached to the protein via an extensive hydrogen bonding network that is enzyme-specific. However, the function of pyranopterin dithiolene in enzymatic catalysis has been difficult to determine. This focused account aims to provide an overview of what has been learned from the study of pyranopterin dithiolene model complexes of molybdenum and how these results relate to the enzyme systems. This work begins with a summary of what is known about the pyranopterin dithiolene ligand in the enzymes. We then introduce the development of inorganic small molecule complexes that model aspects of a coordinated pyranopterin dithiolene and discuss the results of detailed physical studies of the models by electronic absorption, resonance Raman, X-ray absorption and NMR spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray crystallography, and chemical reactivity.
Topics: Models, Molecular; Molybdenum; Ligands; Metalloproteins; Catalysis; Coenzymes
PubMed: 38005178
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227456 -
Nature Jul 2023Understanding the nature and origin of the precursor material to terrestrial planets is key to deciphering the mechanisms and timescales of planet formation....
Understanding the nature and origin of the precursor material to terrestrial planets is key to deciphering the mechanisms and timescales of planet formation. Nucleosynthetic variability among rocky Solar System bodies can trace the composition of planetary building blocks. Here we report the nucleosynthetic composition of silicon (μSi), the most abundant refractory planet-building element, in primitive and differentiated meteorites to identify terrestrial planet precursors. Inner Solar System differentiated bodies, including Mars, record μSi deficits of -11.0 ± 3.2 parts per million to -5.8 ± 3.0 parts per million whereas non-carbonaceous and carbonaceous chondrites show μSi excesses from 7.4 ± 4.3 parts per million to 32.8 ± 2.0 parts per million relative to Earth. This establishes that chondritic bodies are not planetary building blocks. Rather, material akin to early-formed differentiated asteroids must represent a major planetary constituent. The μSi values of asteroidal bodies correlate with their accretion ages, reflecting progressive admixing of a μSi-rich outer Solar System material to an initially μSi-poor inner disk. Mars' formation before chondrite parent bodies is necessary to avoid incorporation of μSi-rich material. In contrast, Earth's μSi composition necessitates admixing of 26 ± 9 per cent of μSi-rich outer Solar System material to its precursors. The μSi compositions of Mars and proto-Earth are consistent with their rapid formation by collisional growth and pebble accretion less than three million years after Solar System formation. Finally, Earth's nucleosynthetic composition for s-process sensitive (molybdenum and zirconium) and siderophile (nickel) tracers are consistent with pebble accretion when volatility-driven processes during accretion and the Moon-forming impact are carefully evaluated.
PubMed: 37316662
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06135-z -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Jun 2024Metal borides have received a lot of attention recently as a potentially useful material for a wide range of applications. In particular, molybdenum-based borides and... (Review)
Review
Metal borides have received a lot of attention recently as a potentially useful material for a wide range of applications. In particular, molybdenum-based borides and MBenes are of great significance, due to their remarkable properties like good electronic conductivity, considerable stability, high surface area, and environmental harmlessness. Therefore, in this article, the progress made in molybdenum-based borides and MBenes in recent years is reviewed. The first step in understanding these materials is to begin with an overview of their structural and electronic properties. Then synthetic technologies for the production of molybdenum borides, such as high-temperature/pressure methods, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), element reaction route, molten salt-assisted, and selective etching methods are surveyed. Then, the critical performance of these materials in numerous applications like energy storage, catalysis, biosensors, biomedical devices, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and tribology and lubrication are summarized. The review concludes with an analysis of the current progress of these materials and provides perspectives for future research. Overall, this review will offer an insightful reference for the understanding molybdenum-based borides and their development in the future.
PubMed: 38526182
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308178 -
Environment International Sep 2023Maternal exposure to metals may pose a risk to the health of newborns, however, the underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. Herein, we aimed to investigate the influence...
BACKGROUND
Maternal exposure to metals may pose a risk to the health of newborns, however, the underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. Herein, we aimed to investigate the influence of metals exposure on birth outcomes and reveal the importance of metabolites in the exposure-outcomes association by using metabolomics methods.
METHODS
In our study, 292 mother-pairs were included who were recruited from the affiliated hospitals of Nanjing Medical University between 2006 and 2011. We measured fifteen metals (mercury, lead, vanadium, arsenic, zinc, cadmium, rubidium, copper, cobalt, iron, molybdenum, strontium, thallium, magnesium and calcium) and metabolites in maternal second trimester serums by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high resolution accurate mass spectrometry, respectively. A multi-step statistical analysis strategy including exposome-wide association study (ExWAS) model, variable selection models and multiple-exposure models were performed to systematically appraise the associations of individual and mixed metals exposure with birth outcomes. Furthermore, differential metabolites that associated with metals exposure and birth outcomes were identified using linear regression models.
RESULTS
Metal's levels in maternal serums ranged from 0.05 μg/L to 1864.76 μg/L. In the ExWAS model, maternal exposure to arsenic was negatively associated with birth weight (β = 188.83; 95% CI: -368.27, -9.39), while maternal mercury exposure showed a positive association (β = 533.65; 95%CI: 179.40, 887.90) with birth weight. Moreover, each unit increase in mercury (1 ng/mL-log transformed) was associated with a 1.82 week-increase (95%CI: 0.85, 2.79) in gestational age. These findings were subsequently validated by variable selection models and multiple exposure models. Metabolomic analysis further revealed the significant role of 3-methyladenine in the relationship between arsenic exposure and birth weight.
CONCLUSION
This study provides new epidemiological evidence indicating the associations of metals exposure and neonatal birth outcomes, and emphasizes the potential role of metabolite biomarkers and their importance in monitoring adverse birth outcomes.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Arsenic; Birth Weight; Maternal Exposure; Prospective Studies; Mercury; Magnesium
PubMed: 37690219
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108183 -
Biosensors Nov 2023Azithromycin (AZY) is a well-known top-prioritized antibiotic and is used by humans in strong concentrations. However, the side effects of the AZY antibiotic may cause...
Azithromycin (AZY) is a well-known top-prioritized antibiotic and is used by humans in strong concentrations. However, the side effects of the AZY antibiotic may cause some serious and significant damage to humans and the environment. Thus, there is a need to develop effective and sensitive sensors to monitor accurate concentrations of AZY. In the last decade, electrochemistry-based sensors have received enormous attention from the scientific community because of their high sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, fast response, rapid detection response, simple fabrication, and working principle. It is important to mention that electrochemical sensors rely on the properties of electrode modifiers. Hence, the selection of electrode materials is of great significance when designing and developing efficient and robust electrochemical sensors. In this study, we fabricated an AZY sensor by utilizing a molybdenum disulfide/titanium aluminum carbide (MoS@TiAlC) composite as the electrode material. The MoS@TiAlC composite was synthesized via a simple sonication process. The synthesized MoS@TiAlC composite was characterized using a powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) method to examine the phase purity and formation of the MoS@TiAlC composite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the surface morphological features of the prepared MoS@TiAlC composite, whereas energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) was adopted to determine the elemental composition of the prepared MoS@TiAlC composite. The glassy carbon (GC) electrode was modified with the prepared MoS@TiAlC composite and applied as the AZY sensor. The sensing performance of the MoS@TiAlC composite-modified GC electrode was studied using linear sweep voltammetry. The sensor demonstrated excellent performance when determining AZY and showed a good detection limit of 0.009 µM with a sensitivity of 6.77 µA/µM.cm.
Topics: Humans; Molybdenum; Azithromycin; Carbon; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Electrodes; Limit of Detection; Electrochemical Techniques
PubMed: 37998161
DOI: 10.3390/bios13110986 -
Food & Nutrition Research 2023Molybdenum is an essential element in the form of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco). In humans, Moco is required for four enzymes: xanthine oxidase (XO), aldehyde oxidase,... (Review)
Review
Molybdenum is an essential element in the form of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco). In humans, Moco is required for four enzymes: xanthine oxidase (XO), aldehyde oxidase, sulfite oxidase (SO), and mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component (mARC). The enzymes are involved in the oxidation of purines to uric acid, metabolism of aromatic aldehydes and heterocyclic compounds, and in the catabolism of sulfur amino acids. Molybdenum cofactor deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome due to a defective synthesis of Moco, resulting in a deficiency of all the molybdoenzymes. There are no reports on clinical signs of dietary molybdenum deficiency in otherwise healthy humans. Water-soluble molybdate is efficiently absorbed from the digestive tract. The body retention is regulated by urinary excretion. Plasma molybdenum reflects long-term intake and 24-h urinary excretion is related to recent intake. There are no biochemical markers of molybdenum status. Cereal products are the main contributors to molybdenum dietary intake, estimated to 100-170 μg/day in Nordic studies. Little data are available on molybdenum toxicity in humans. A tolerable upper intake level of molybdenum has been based on reproductive toxicity in rats, but the effects have not been reproduced in more recent studies. The U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM, present National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; NASEM) established a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 45 μg/day in adult men and women in 2001, based on a small study reporting urinary excretion in balance with intake at 22 μg/day. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) considered in 2013 the evidence to be insufficient to derive an Average Requirement and a Population Reference Intake, but proposed an Adequate Intake of 65 μg/day for adults.
PubMed: 38187804
DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10326 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Sep 2023Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has been widely reported as a noninvasive and high-penetration therapy for cancer; however, the design of an efficient sonosensitizer remains...
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has been widely reported as a noninvasive and high-penetration therapy for cancer; however, the design of an efficient sonosensitizer remains an urgent need. To address this issue, molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers (MoS NF) as piezo-sonosensitizers and introduced sulfur vacancies on the MoS NF (Sv-MoS NF) to improve their piezoelectric property for cancer therapy are designed. Under ultrasonic mechanical stress, the Sv-MoS NF resulted in piezoelectric polarization and band tilting, which enhanced the charge carrier separation and migration. This resulted in an improved catalytic reaction for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, ultimately enhancing the SDT performance. Thanks to the high efficiency of ROS generation, the Sv-MoS NF have demonstrated a good anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo. Following a systematic evaluation, Sv-MoS NF also demonstrated good biocompatibility. This novel piezo-sonosensitizer and vacancy engineering strategy provides a promising new approach for achieving efficient SDT.
Topics: Humans; Molybdenum; Reactive Oxygen Species; Ultrasonic Therapy; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37395638
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301152 -
Polymers May 2024Chitosan (CS) and two-dimensional nanomaterial (2D nanomaterials)-based scaffolds have received widespread attention in recent times in biomedical applications due to... (Review)
Review
Chitosan (CS) and two-dimensional nanomaterial (2D nanomaterials)-based scaffolds have received widespread attention in recent times in biomedical applications due to their excellent synergistic potential. CS has garnered much attention as a biomedical scaffold material either alone or in combination with some other material due to its favorable physiochemical properties. The emerging 2D nanomaterials, such as black phosphorus (BP), molybdenum disulfide (MoS), etc., have taken huge steps towards varying biomedical applications. However, the implementation of a CS-2D nanomaterial-based scaffold for clinical applications remains challenging for different reasons such as toxicity, stability, etc. Here, we reviewed different types of CS scaffold materials and discussed their advantages in biomedical applications. In addition, a different CS nanostructure, instead of a scaffold, has been described. After that, the importance of 2D nanomaterials has been elaborated on in terms of physiochemical properties. In the next section, the biomedical applications of CS with different 2D nanomaterial scaffolds have been highlighted. Finally, we highlighted the existing challenges and future perspectives of using CS-2D nanomaterial scaffolds for biomedical applications. We hope that this review will encourage a more synergistic biomedical application of the CS-2D nanomaterial scaffolds and their utilization clinical applications.
PubMed: 38794520
DOI: 10.3390/polym16101327 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Aug 2023Increased levels of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Scavenging cfDNA by...
Increased levels of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Scavenging cfDNA by nanomaterials is regarded as a promising remedy for cfDNA-associated diseases, but a nanomaterial-based cfDNA scavenging strategy has not yet been reported for AKI treatment. Herein, polyglycerol-amine (PGA)-covered MoS nanosheets with suitable size are synthesized to bind negatively charged cfDNA in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo models. The nanosheets exhibit higher cfDNA binding capacity than polymer PGA and PGA-based nanospheres owing to the flexibility and crimpability of their 2D backbone. Moreover, with low cytotoxicity and mild protein adsorption, the nanosheets effectively reduced serum cfDNA levels and predominantly accumulated in the kidneys to inhibit the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and renal inflammation, thereby alleviating both lipopolysaccharide and ischemia-reperfusion induced AKI in mice. Further, they decreased the serum cfDNA levels in samples from AKI patients. Thus, PGA-covered MoS nanosheets can serve as a potent cfDNA scavenger for treating AKI and other cfDNA-associated diseases. In addition, this work demonstrates the pivotal feature of a 2D sheet-like structure in the development of the cfDNA scavenger, which can provide a new insight into the future design of nanoplatforms for modulating inflammation.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids; Molybdenum; Acute Kidney Injury; Inflammation; Amines
PubMed: 37276385
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300604