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International Journal of Nanomedicine 2023Bone defects in diabetes mellitus (DM) remain a major challenge for clinical treatment. Fluctuating glucose levels in DM patients lead to excessive production of...
INTRODUCTION
Bone defects in diabetes mellitus (DM) remain a major challenge for clinical treatment. Fluctuating glucose levels in DM patients lead to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which disrupt bone repair homeostasis. Bone filler materials have been widely used in the clinical treatment of DM-related bone defects, but overall they lack efficacy in improving the bone microenvironment and inducing osteogenesis. We utilized a gelatine methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel with excellent biological properties in combination with molybdenum (Mo)-based polyoxometalate nanoclusters (POM) to scavenge ROS and promote osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic differentiation through the slow-release effect of POM, providing a feasible strategy for the application of biologically useful bone fillers in bone regeneration.
METHODS
We synthesized an injectable hydrogel by gelatine methacrylate (GelMA) and POM. The antioxidant capacity and biological properties of the synthesized GelMA/POM hydrogel were tested.
RESULTS
In vitro, studies showed that hydrogels can inhibit excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce oxidative stress in cells through the beneficial effects of pH-sensitive POM. Osteogenic differentiation assays showed that GelMA/POM had good osteogenic properties with upregulated expression of osteogenic genes (BMP2, RUNX2, Osterix, ALP). Furthermore, RNA-sequencing revealed that activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells with GelMA/POM may be a potential mechanism to promote osteogenesis. In an in vivo study, radiological and histological analyses showed enhanced bone regeneration in diabetic mice, after the application of GelMA/POM.
CONCLUSION
In summary, GelMA/POM hydrogels can enhance bone regeneration by directly scavenging ROS and activating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Osteogenesis; Hydrogels; Reactive Oxygen Species; Molybdenum; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Gelatin; Methacrylates; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Bone Regeneration
PubMed: 37881608
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S428429 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023We aimed to prospectively investigate the independent and combined relationship between trace elements concentrations [blood (selenium, manganese), serum (copper, zinc),...
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to prospectively investigate the independent and combined relationship between trace elements concentrations [blood (selenium, manganese), serum (copper, zinc), and urine (cobalt, molybdenum, tin, strontium, iodine)] and all-cause mortality.
METHODS
This study included 5,412 individuals with demographical, examination, and laboratory data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Three statistical models, including Cox proportional hazards models, restricted cubic spline models, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models, were conducted to estimate the longitudinal relationship between trace elements and all-cause mortality.
RESULTS
There were 356 deaths documented with a median follow-up time of 70 months. In the single-exposure model, the results showed that compared with the lowest quartile, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality for the highest quartile of selenium, manganese, and strontium were 0.47 (95% CI: 0.28-0.79), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.14-2.14), and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.26-0.86), respectively. A nonlinear relationship between zinc, cobalt and mortality was also observed. Furthermore, a significant overall effect of mixtures of trace elements on all-cause mortality was identified, especially when the mixture was at the 60th percentile or lower.
CONCLUSION
The association of multiple trace elements with all-cause mortality was identified in this study. It is recommended that healthcare providers and relevant public health agencies should strengthen the surveillance and management of trace elements. Emphasis should be placed on monitoring the sources of trace elements such as the body, food, and environment. More population studies and animal experiments should be conducted to identify the underlying mechanisms.
PubMed: 37533572
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1205537 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023In prokaryotes, the role of Mo/W enzymes in physiology and bioenergetics is widely recognized. It is worth noting that the most diverse family of Mo/W enzymes is... (Review)
Review
In prokaryotes, the role of Mo/W enzymes in physiology and bioenergetics is widely recognized. It is worth noting that the most diverse family of Mo/W enzymes is exclusive to prokaryotes, with the probable existence of several of them from the earliest forms of life on Earth. The structural organization of these enzymes, which often include additional redox centers, is as diverse as ever, as is their cellular localization. The most notable observation is the involvement of dedicated chaperones assisting with the assembly and acquisition of the metal centers, including Mo/W-bisPGD, one of the largest organic cofactors in nature. This review seeks to provide a new understanding and a unified model of Mo/W enzyme maturation.
Topics: Metalloproteins; Prokaryotic Cells; Oxidation-Reduction; Energy Metabolism; Molecular Chaperones; Molybdenum
PubMed: 37894674
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207195 -
Nanoscale Advances Dec 2023The comprehension and manipulation of the propagation characteristics of elementary excitations, such as excitons and plasmons, play a crucial role in tailoring the...
The comprehension and manipulation of the propagation characteristics of elementary excitations, such as excitons and plasmons, play a crucial role in tailoring the optical properties of low-dimensional materials. To this end, investigations into the momentum () dispersions of excitons and plasmons in confined geometry are required fundamentally. Due to advancements in momentum-resolved spectroscopy techniques, research on the -dependent excitons or plasmons in low-dimensional materials is beginning to emerge. However, previous simulations of low-dimensional systems are adversely affected by the artificial vacuum spacing employed in the supercell approximation. Furthermore, the significance of layer thickness in determining the excitonic and plasmonic characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) materials remains largely unexplored in the context of finite . Therefore, an extensive investigation into the momentum and thickness dependent behaviours of both excitons and plasmons in 2D materials, which are free of the influence of vacuum spacing, is lacking at present. In this article, we develop a restoration procedure to eliminate the influence of vacuum spacing, and obtain a comprehensive picture of momentum and layer thickness dependent excitonic and plasmonic properties of 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and molybdenum disulphide (MoS). Our restored simulations are not only found to be in excellent agreement with available experiments, but also elucidate the roles of momentum and layer thickness in the excitonic and plasmonic properties of 2D h-BN and MoS. We further unveil the dimensionality effect on the dispersion characteristics of excitons and plasmons in h-BN and MoS. Our contribution will hopefully promote the understanding of the elementary excitations propagating in low-dimensional materials and pave the way for next-generation nanophotonic and optoelectronic devices.
PubMed: 38059031
DOI: 10.1039/d3na00670k -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024The reaction of molybdenum complexes with a tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand (EtN[TpMo(CO)] and EtN[Tp*Mo(CO)] (Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate, Tp* =...
The reaction of molybdenum complexes with a tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand (EtN[TpMo(CO)] and EtN[Tp*Mo(CO)] (Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate, Tp* = hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate)) and InBr at a 1:1 molar ratio afforded molybdenum-indane complexes (EtN[TpMo(CO)(InBr)] and EtN[Tp*Mo(CO)(InBr)] ). In addition, tungsten-indane complexes, EtN[TpW(CO)(InBr)] and EtN[Tp*W(CO)(InBr)] , were obtained by the reaction of corresponding tungsten complexes. Complex reacted with HO to form the hydrido complex Tp*W(CO)H, in which the W-In bond was cleaved. On the other hand, reacted with three equiv. of AgNO to form EtN[Tp*W(CO){In(ONO)}] , in which three substituents on the In were exchanged while retaining the W-In dative bond. Complexes - were fully characterized using NMR measurements and elemental analyses, and the structures of - and EtN[Tp*W(CO)] were determined via X-ray crystallography. These are the first examples of mononuclear molybdenum- and tungsten-indane complexes with Mo-In and W-In dative bonds.
PubMed: 38398509
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040757 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Dec 2023Parenteral nutrition (PN) can lead to high or even toxic exposure to aluminum (Al). We aimed to quantify concentrations of Al and other chemical elements of all-in-one...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Parenteral nutrition (PN) can lead to high or even toxic exposure to aluminum (Al). We aimed to quantify concentrations of Al and other chemical elements of all-in-one (AIO) PN admixtures for adults prepared from commercial multichamber bags (Olimel® 5.7%, Omegaflex® special, SmofKabiven®, all with and without electrolytes) and vitamin and trace element additives over a 48-h period. Secondly, we determined the level of Al contamination resulting from admixing and infusion set use.
METHODS
We used dynamic reaction cell and kinetic energy discrimination inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to quantify Al, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), tin (Sn), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) in AIO PN admixtures. We extracted samples for analysis via the bag injection ports and infusion sets over a 48-h period after admixing. We compared the measured Al concentrations of AIO PN admixtures with calculated values based on the measured concentrations of individual chamber contents and additives.
RESULTS
Mean (standard deviation) baseline Al concentrations in AIO PN admixtures ranged from 10.5 (0.5) to 59.3 (11.4) μg/L and decreased slightly over the 48 h (estimate [standard error] -0.09 [0.02] μg/L/hour, p <0.001). Thus, certain products exceeded the widely accepted limit of 25 μg/L. There was no significant difference in Al concentrations between samples extracted via the bag injection ports or infusion sets (p = 0.33), nor between measured and calculated Al concentrations of AIO PN admixtures (p = 0.91).
CONCLUSION
Because certain commercially available PN admixtures for adults proved to contain excessively high levels of Al in our study, regulations and corresponding quality requirements at the authority level (e.g., Pharmacopoeia and regulatory authorities) are urgently required. Our results showed that the PN handling process (admixing and supplementing additives) or the materials of the infusion set did not lead to additional Al contamination to any extent. Moreover, calculated Al concentrations of AIO PN admixtures derived from individual chamber contents and additives are valid.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Aluminum; Trace Elements; Manganese; Copper; Parenteral Nutrition
PubMed: 38411019
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.012 -
Protein Science : a Publication of the... Sep 2023Within the cell, the trace element molybdenum (Mo) is only biologically active when complexed either within the nitrogenase-specific FeMo cofactor or within the...
Within the cell, the trace element molybdenum (Mo) is only biologically active when complexed either within the nitrogenase-specific FeMo cofactor or within the molybdenum cofactor (Moco). Moco consists of an organic part, called molybdopterin (MPT) and an inorganic part, that is, the Mo-center. The enzyme which catalyzes the Mo-center formation is the molybdenum insertase (Mo-insertase). Mo-insertases consist of two functional domains called G- and E-domain. The G-domain catalyzes the formation of adenylated MPT (MPT-AMP), which is the substrate for the E-domain, that catalyzes the actual molybdate insertion reaction. Though the functions of E- and G-domain have been elucidated to great structural and mechanistic detail, their combined function is poorly characterized. In this work, we describe a structural model of the eukaryotic Mo-insertase Cnx1 complex that was generated based on cross-linking mass spectrometry combined with computational modeling. We revealed Cnx1 to form an asymmetric hexameric complex which allows the E- and G-domain active sites to align in a catalytic productive orientation toward each other.
Topics: Arabidopsis Proteins; Calnexin; Arabidopsis; Molybdenum; Coenzymes; Metalloproteins; Pteridines
PubMed: 37572332
DOI: 10.1002/pro.4753 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Sep 2023This study aimed to evaluate the effects of molybdenum (Mo) and organic and inorganic sources of copper (Cu) and sulfur (S) on the performance, carcass traits, and blood...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of molybdenum (Mo) and organic and inorganic sources of copper (Cu) and sulfur (S) on the performance, carcass traits, and blood concentration of these minerals in lambs. Forty male non-castrated crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês lambs (20 ± 1.2 kg of body weight and 90 ± 2 d of age) were randomly allocated into one of the ten following treatments: (T0) control, basal diet; (T1) Mo; (T2) inorganic Cu and inorganic S; (T3) inorganic Cu and organic S; (T4) organic Cu and inorganic S; (T5) organic Cu and organic S; (T6) Mo plus inorganic Cu and inorganic S; (T7) Mo plus inorganic Cu and organic S; (T8) Mo plus organic Cu and inorganic S; and (T9) Mo plus organic Cu and organic S. Regardless of the source, Mo, Cu, and S were added at levels of 10 mg, 10 mg, and 2000mg/kg DM, respectively. The mineral supplements (Mo, Cu, and S) were added into the total mixed ration (TMR) by mixing them apart with the mineral and vitamin premix and then put into the TMR. The animals were kept in individual pens and received a total mixed ration for 84 days. Body weight and blood sampling was performed every 28 days. All animals were slaughtered after 84 days, and carcass traits were evaluated. Although organic sources of Cu and S added to Mo supplementation had increased the ADG throughout the study, this effect did not reflect in the heavier final BW outcomes for this treatment. In addition, no effect of these treatments was observed on the carcass traits. The serum Cu concentration was higher for the T0 group compared to the other groups; otherwise, Mo reduced the serum Cu concentration compared to the other groups. Considering the interaction among the minerals and their sources at 84 d of study, organic sources of Cu and S treatment and Mo associated with inorganic sources of Cu plus organic S treatment had an increased serum Cu concentration compared to other groups. Regardless of time, organic sources of Cu and S increased serum S concentration. At 84 days after enrollment, serum Mo concentration was lower for the control group compared to the other groups. Further, Mo supplementation increased its blood concentration compared to the control group throughout the study. The control group had the highest ceruloplasmin activity compared to the other groups; otherwise, at 84 d of the study, either Mo or inorganic S supplementation reduced ceruloplasmin activity. Serum ceruloplasmin activity was higher when Cu supplementation, regardless of source, was associated with organic S. However, at d 84 of the study, inorganic Cu associated to organic S supplements increased serum ceruloplasmin activity. In this current study, it was not possible to identify a pattern in the variables studied, however, further studies are needed to confirm that organic sources of Cu and S interacted alone without a defined pattern.
PubMed: 37760345
DOI: 10.3390/ani13182945 -
ACS Nano Aug 2023Soybean () is a crop of global significance and has low reliance on N fertilizers due to its biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) capacity, which harvests ambient N as a...
Soybean () is a crop of global significance and has low reliance on N fertilizers due to its biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) capacity, which harvests ambient N as a critical ecosystem service. BNF can be severely compromised by abiotic stresses. Enhancing BNF is increasingly important not only to alleviate global food insecurity but also to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture by decreasing chemical fertilizer inputs. However, this has proven challenging using current genetic modification or bacterial nodulation methods. Here, we demonstrate that a single application of a low dose (10 mg/kg) of molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles (MoS NPs) can enhance soybean BNF and grain yield by 30%, compared with conventional molybdate fertilizer. Unlike molybdate, MoS NPs can more sustainably release Mo, which then is effectively incorporated as a cofactor for the synthesis of nitrogenase and molybdenum-based enzymes that subsequently enhance BNF. Sulfur is also released sustainably and incorporated into biomolecule synthesis, particularly in thiol-containing antioxidants. The superior antioxidant enzyme activity of MoS NPs, together with the thiol compounds, protect the nodules from reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage, delay nodule aging, and maintain the BNF function for a longer term. The multifunctional nature of MoS NPs makes them a highly effective strategy to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. Given that the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials can be readily modulated, material performance (e.g., ROS capturing capacity) can be further enhanced by several synthesis strategies. This study thus demonstrates that nanotechnology can be an efficient and sustainable approach to enhancing BNF and crop yield under abiotic stress and combating global food insecurity.
Topics: Nitrogen Fixation; Glycine max; Molybdenum; Ecosystem; Reactive Oxygen Species; Fertilizers; Nitrogen
PubMed: 37498282
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02783 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) is the second two-dimensional material after graphene that received a lot of attention from the research community. Strong S-Mo-S bonds make... (Review)
Review
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) is the second two-dimensional material after graphene that received a lot of attention from the research community. Strong S-Mo-S bonds make the sandwich-like layer mechanically and chemically stable, while the abundance of precursors and several developed synthesis methods allow obtaining various MoS architectures, including those in combinations with a carbon component. Doping of MoS with heteroatom substituents can occur by replacing Mo and S with other cations and anions. This creates active sites on the basal plane, which is important for the adsorption of reactive species. Adsorption is a key step in the gas detection and electrochemical energy storage processes discussed in this review. The literature data were analyzed in the light of the influence of a substitutional heteroatom on the interaction of MoS with gas molecules and electrolyte ions. Theory predicts that the binding energy of molecules to a MoS surface increases in the presence of heteroatoms, and experiments showed that such surfaces are more sensitive to certain gases. The best electrochemical performance of MoS-based nanomaterials is usually achieved by including foreign metals. Heteroatoms improve the electrical conductivity of MoS, which is a semiconductor in a thermodynamically stable hexagonal form, increase the distance between layers, and cause lattice deformation and electronic density redistribution. An analysis of literature data showed that co-doping with various elements is most attractive for improving the performance of MoS in sensor and electrochemical applications. This is the first comprehensive review on the influence of foreign elements inserted into MoS lattice on the performance of a nanomaterial in chemiresistive gas sensors, lithium-, sodium-, and potassium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. The collected data can serve as a guide to determine which elements and combinations of elements can be used to obtain a MoS-based nanomaterial with the properties required for a particular application.
PubMed: 37570500
DOI: 10.3390/nano13152182