-
NCHS Data Brief Dec 2023Perinatal mortality(late fetal deaths at 28 completed weeks of gestation or more and early neonatal deaths younger than age 7 days) can be an indicator of the quality of...
Perinatal mortality(late fetal deaths at 28 completed weeks of gestation or more and early neonatal deaths younger than age 7 days) can be an indicator of the quality of health care before, during, and after delivery, and of the health status of the nation (1,2). The U.S. perinatal mortality rate declined 30% from 1990 through 2011, was stable from 2011 through 2016, and declined 4% from 2017 through 2019 (1,3-5). This report describes changes in perinatal mortality, as well as its components, late fetal and early neonatal mortality, from 2020 to 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also shown are perinatal mortality rates by mother's age, the three largest race and Hispanic-origin groups, and state for 2021 compared with 2020.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Infant Mortality; Pandemics; Perinatal Death; Perinatal Mortality; Stillbirth; United States
PubMed: 38085635
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2023Infant mortality persists as a global public health concern, particularly in lower-middle-income countries (LIMCs) such as Nigeria. The risk of an infant dying before... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Infant mortality persists as a global public health concern, particularly in lower-middle-income countries (LIMCs) such as Nigeria. The risk of an infant dying before one year of age is estimated to be six times higher in Africa than in Europe. Nigeria recorded an infant mortality rate of 72.2 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2020, in contrast to the global estimate of 27.4 per 1,000 live births. Several studies have been undertaken to determine the factors influencing infant mortality.
OBJECTIVE
This scoping review sought to identify and summarise the breadth of evidence available on factors associated with infant mortality in Nigeria.
METHODS
This review followed the five-stage principles of Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Four electronic databases were searched with no limit to publication date or study type: Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL Complete, and Web of Science. Selected studies were imported into Endnote software and then exported to Rayyan software where duplicates were removed. Included articles were thematically analysed and synthesised using the socioecological model.
RESULTS
A total of 8,139 references were compiled and screened. Forty-eight articles were included in the final review. At the individual level, maternal- and child-related factors were revealed to influence infant mortality; socioeconomic and sociocultural factors at the interpersonal level; provision and utilisation of health services, health workforce, hospital resources and access to health services at the organisational level; housing/neighbourhood and environmental factors at the community level; and lastly, governmental factors were found to affect infant mortality at the public policy level.
CONCLUSION
Factors related to the individual, interpersonal, organisational, community and public policy levels were associated with infant mortality in Nigeria.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Nigeria; Infant Mortality; Health Services; Residence Characteristics; Europe
PubMed: 37967113
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294434 -
BMC Psychiatry Mar 2024Personality disorders (PDs) are associated with an inferior quality of life, poor health, and premature mortality, leading to heavy clinical, familial, and societal... (Review)
Review
Personality disorders (PDs) are associated with an inferior quality of life, poor health, and premature mortality, leading to heavy clinical, familial, and societal burdens. The International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11) makes a thorough, dramatic paradigm shift from the categorical to dimensional diagnosis of PD and expands the application into adolescence. We have reviewed the recent literature on practical implications, and severity and trait measures of ICD-11 defined PDs, by comparing with the alternative model of personality disorders in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), by mentioning the relevance in forensic and social concerns, and by referencing the developmental implication of life span, especially in adolescence. Study results strongly support the dimensional utility of ICD-11 PD diagnosis and application in adolescence which warrants early detection and intervention. More evidence-based research is needed along the ICD-11 PD application, such as its social relevance, measurement simplification, and longitudinal design of lifespan observation and treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Quality of Life; Personality Disorders; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Mortality, Premature; Personality
PubMed: 38454364
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05640-3 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Sep 2023Vitamin D deficiency is common among the population, but its relationship with mortality of postmenopausal females is unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the...
BACKGROUND
Vitamin D deficiency is common among the population, but its relationship with mortality of postmenopausal females is unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the association between serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among postmenopausal women in the United States.
METHODS
6812 participants of postmenopausal females from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2018) were included in this study. The mortality status of the follow-up was ascertained by linkage to National Death Index (NDI) records through 31 December 2019. We used cox proportional hazards models to estimate the association of serum 25(OH)D concentrations and mortality of postmenopausal females.
RESULTS
The mean level of serum 25(OH)D was 72.57 ± 29.93 nmol/L, and 65.34% had insufficient vitamin D. In postmenopausal females, low serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly associated with higher levels of glycohemoglobin, glucose, and lower levels of HDL. During follow-up, 1448 all-cause deaths occurred, including 393 cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related deaths and 263 cancer deaths. After multivariate adjustment, higher serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly related with lower all-cause and CVD mortality. In addition, serum 25(OH)D presented a L-shaped relationship with all-cause mortality, while appeared a U-shaped with CVD mortality, and the cut-off value is 73.89 nmol/L and 46.75 nmol/L respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Low serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with the higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in postmenopausal females. These findings provide new ideas and targets for the health management of postmenopausal women.
Topics: Female; Humans; Nutrition Surveys; Cause of Death; Postmenopause; Vitamin D; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 37715212
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04413-y -
Rural and Remote Health Dec 2023Mortality is affected by several factors, including the place of residence. Several studies have found a gap in mortality between urban and rural residents. This study...
INTRODUCTION
Mortality is affected by several factors, including the place of residence. Several studies have found a gap in mortality between urban and rural residents. This study aimed to describe adjusted mortality rates in urban and rural areas of Mexico.
METHODS
Adjusted mortality rate per 100 000 inhabitants was estimated in urban and rural areas of Mexico, were grouped by sex, age, and main cause of death. Trend analysis was performed with a logarithmic regression of adjusted rates.
RESULTS
Mortality was higher in urban (622.1/100 000 inhabitants) than rural (549.5/100 000 inhabitants) areas of Mexico. Males showed the highest mortality rate in both studied areas, urban and rural (737.8 and 634.4/100 000 inhabitants respectively). A significant annual decrease of 0.5% in mortality rates was observed in both areas.
CONCLUSION
In Mexico, there is a gap in mortality rates based on individuals' place of residence. Those who live in urban areas present the highest mortality rates.
Topics: Male; Humans; Mexico; Urban Population; Rural Population; Data Collection; Mortality
PubMed: 38091627
DOI: 10.22605/RRH7833 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Sarcopenia, common in the elderly, often linked to chronic diseases, correlates with inflammation.The association between SII and mortality in sarcopenia patients is...
BACKGROUND
Sarcopenia, common in the elderly, often linked to chronic diseases, correlates with inflammation.The association between SII and mortality in sarcopenia patients is underexplored, this study investigates this relationship in a U.S. adult cohort.
METHODS
We analyzed 1999-2018 NHANES data, focusing on 2,974 adults with sarcopenia. Mortality outcomes were determined by linking to National Death Index (NDI) records up to December 31, 2019. Using a weighted sampling design, participants were grouped into three groups by the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII). We used Cox regression models, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables, to explore SII's association with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in sarcopenia, performing sensitivity analyses for robustness.
RESULTS
Over a median follow-up of 9.2 years, 829 deaths occurred. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant survival differences across SII groups. The highest SII group showed higher hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality in both crude and adjusted models. The highest SII group had a higher HR for all-cause(1.57, 1.25-1.98), cardiovascular(1.61, 1.00-2.58), cancer(2.13, 1.32-3.44), and respiratory disease mortality(3.21, 1.66-6.19) in fully adjusted models. Subgroup analyses revealed SII's association with all-cause mortality across various demographics, including age, gender, and presence of diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Sensitivity analyses, excluding participants with cardiovascular diseases, those who died within two years of follow-up, or those under 45 years of age, largely reflected these results, with the highest SII group consistently demonstrating higher HRs for all types of mortality in both unadjusted and adjusted models.
CONCLUSION
Our study is the first to demonstrate a significant relationship between SII and increased mortality risks in a sarcopenia population.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Humans; Cause of Death; Nutrition Surveys; Sarcopenia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Inflammation
PubMed: 38638440
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376544 -
BMJ Global Health May 2024
Topics: Humans; Middle East; Health Facilities; Mortality
PubMed: 38760024
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014756 -
Journal of Public Health (Oxford,... Nov 2023Cardiovascular and cancer mortality are the two leading causes of death in the developed world including the USA. However, mortality trends for these diseases are highly...
BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular and cancer mortality are the two leading causes of death in the developed world including the USA. However, mortality trends for these diseases are highly dynamic, and the geographic landscape is in transition. We analyze patterns of mortality improvement at county level during recent decades focusing on mortality decline and geographic diversity.
METHODS
We grouped age-adjusted mortality rates of cardiovascular and cancer diseases from CDC WONDER for 2959 US counties into 3-year time periods to improve reliability. We calculated percent mortality decrease between 1981-83 and 2016-19 for both causes to quantify mortality improvements for counties.
RESULTS
Using standard deviation as an index of disparities, place-based cancer mortalities were 68% larger than cardiovascular disparities. Significantly, 566 US counties had same or higher rates of cancer mortality in 2019 as in 1981. The geographic distribution of mortality improvement in either cause tends to favor largely populated areas along coasts. Less-populated, rural places in the interior and southeastern regions were experiencing less improvement.
CONCLUSIONS
At the county level, large place-based disparities exist for both causes of death with the magnitude of disparities being substantially larger for the reduction in cancer deaths. Put differently, place matters, more for cancer than cardiovascular mortality.
Topics: Humans; Mortality; Neoplasms; Reproducibility of Results; United States; Cardiovascular Diseases; Geography
PubMed: 37395175
DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad089 -
Renal Failure Dec 2023Acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients is associated with poor prognosis. Characterization of AKI by timing and trajectory and early prediction of AKI...
BACKGROUND
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients is associated with poor prognosis. Characterization of AKI by timing and trajectory and early prediction of AKI progression is required for better preventive management and the prediction of patient outcomes.
METHODS
A total of 858 patients who were hospitalized due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were retrospectively enrolled from December 2020 to August 2021. The occurrence of AKI was evaluated throughout hospitalization. The hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality outcomes according to the trajectory of AKI were measured using Cox regression models after adjustment for multiple variables.
RESULTS
Among 858 patients, 226 (26.3%) presented AKI at admission, and 44 (5.1%) developed AKI during hospitalization. Patients with AKI at admission or hospital-acquired AKI had a higher risk of mortality than those without AKI, with HRs of 9.87 (2.81-34.67) and 13.74 (3.57-52.84), respectively. Of 226 patients with AKI at admission, 104 (46.0%) recovered within 48 hr, 83 (36.7%) had AKI beyond 48 hr and recovered in 7 days, and 39 (17.3%) showed no recovery from AKI on Day 7. Delayed recovery and persistent AKI were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality, with HRs of 4.39 (1.06-18.24) and 24.33 (7.10-83.36), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The onset and progression of AKI was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. A thorough observation of the recovery trajectory of early AKI after infection is necessary.
Topics: Humans; Hospital Mortality; Retrospective Studies; COVID-19; Acute Kidney Injury; Hospitalization
PubMed: 36876658
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2023.2177086 -
Scandinavian Journal of Public Health Jun 2024The aim of this study was to investigate associations between having visited the theatre/cinema and an arts exhibition during the past year and all-cause, cardiovascular...
AIMS
The aim of this study was to investigate associations between having visited the theatre/cinema and an arts exhibition during the past year and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and other-cause mortality.
METHODS
The 2008 public health postal survey in Scania, Sweden, was distributed to a stratified random sample of the adult population (18-80 years old). The participation rate was 54.1%, and 25,420 participants were included in the present study. The baseline 2008 survey data were linked to cause-of-death register data to create a prospective cohort with 8.3-year follow-up. Associations between visit to the theatre/cinema, visit to an arts exhibition and mortality were investigated in survival (Cox) regression models.
RESULTS
Just over a quarter (26.5%) had visited both the theatre/cinema and an arts exhibition during the past year, 36.6% only the theatre/cinema, 4.9% only an arts exhibition and 32% neither of the two. Not visiting the theatre/cinema during the past year was associated with higher all-cause and CVD mortality. Not visiting an arts exhibition was associated with higher all-cause and other-cause mortality. The combination of having visited neither the theatre/cinema nor an arts exhibition during the past year was associated with higher all-cause, CVD and other-cause mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
Topics: Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Sweden; Male; Female; Prospective Studies; Young Adult; Adolescent; Aged, 80 and over; Mortality; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Art; Neoplasms; Culture
PubMed: 37086102
DOI: 10.1177/14034948231165853