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Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024High temperature induces heat stress, adversely affecting the growth and lactation performance of cows. Research has shown the protective effect of taurine against...
High temperature induces heat stress, adversely affecting the growth and lactation performance of cows. Research has shown the protective effect of taurine against hepatotoxicity both and . This study aimed to investigate the effect of taurine on the metabolomics of mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows under high-temperature conditions. Mammary epithelial cells were exposed to 0 mmol/L (HS, control), 8 mmol/L (HT-8), and 32 mmol/L (HT-32) of taurine, then incubated at 42°C for 6 h. Metabolomics analysis was conducted using Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS). Compared with the HS group, 2,873 and 3,243 metabolites were detected in the HT-8 group in positive and negative ion modes. Among these, 108 and 97 metabolites were significantly upregulated in positive and negative ion modes, while 60 and 166 metabolites were downregulated. Notably, 15 different metabolites such as palmitic acid, adenine and hypoxanthine were screened out in the HT-8 group. Compared with the HS group, 2,873 and 3,243 metabolites were, respectively, detected in the HT-32 group in the positive and negative ion modes. Among those metabolites, 206 metabolites were significantly up-regulated, while 206 metabolites were significantly downregulated in the positive mode. On the other hand, 497 metabolites were significantly upregulated in the negative mode, while 517 metabolites were reported to be downregulated. Noteworthy, 30 distinct metabolites, such as palmitic acid, phytosphingosine, hypoxanthine, nonanoic acid, and octanoic acid, were screened out in the HT-32 group. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these metabolites were mainly involved in lipid metabolism, purine metabolism and other biological processes. Overall, our study indicates that taurine supplementation alters the metabolites primarily associated with purine metabolism, lipid metabolism and other pathways to alleviate heat stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
PubMed: 38915889
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1393276 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024We aimed to obtain the optimal formula for human milk fat substitute (HMFS) through a combination of software and an evaluation model and further verify its...
We aimed to obtain the optimal formula for human milk fat substitute (HMFS) through a combination of software and an evaluation model and further verify its practicability through an animal experiment. The results showed that a total of 33 fatty acid (FA) and 63 triglyceride (TAG) molecular species were detected in vegetable oils. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, 18:1/16:0/18:1, 18:2/16:0/18:2, 18:1/18:1/18:1 and 18:1/18:2/18:1, were the main molecular species among the FAs and TAGs in the vegetable oils. Based on the HMFS evaluation model, the optimal mixed vegetable oil formula was blended with 21.3% palm oil, 2.8% linseed oil, 2.6% soybean oil, 29.9% rapeseed oil and 43.4% maize oil, with the highest score of 83.146. Moreover, there was no difference in the weight, blood routine indices or calcium and magnesium concentrations in the feces of the mice between the homemade mixed vegetable oil (HMVO) group and the commercial mixed vegetable oil (CMVO) group, while nervonic acid (C24:1) and octanoic acid (C8:0) were absorbed easily in the HMVO group. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the mixing of the different vegetable oils was feasible via a combination of computer software and an evaluation model and provided a new way to produce HMFS.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Software; Plant Oils; Fatty Acids; Milk, Human; Mice; Triglycerides; Fat Substitutes; Palm Oil; Soybean Oil; Linseed Oil; Rapeseed Oil; Corn Oil; Caprylates; Palmitic Acid; Oleic Acid
PubMed: 38731587
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092096 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023The efficacy of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets, such as ketogenic diets, for cancer patients is of research interest. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of the...
Ketogenic effects of medium chain triglycerides containing formula and its correlation to breath acetone in healthy volunteers: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, single dose-response study.
The efficacy of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets, such as ketogenic diets, for cancer patients is of research interest. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of the ketogenic diet in a case study in which medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) or MCT-containing formula (ketogenic formula) was used as a supplement to increase blood ketone bodies. However, little is known about the amounts needed to induce ketogenic effects and about the usefulness of monitoring of breath acetone. To investigate the pharmacokinetics of MCTs and their metabolites, blood ketone bodies and breath acetone, 24 healthy subjects received one of four single oral doses of the ketogenic formula (equivalent to 0, 10, 20, and 30 g of MCTs) under fasting conditions. Total blood ketone bodies, β-hydroxybutyrate, octanoic acid, and decanoic acid were increased in a dose-dependent manner. The ketogenic effect was considered to depend on octanoic and decanoic acids, because a positive correlation was observed between them. A strong positive correlation was also observed between total serum ketone bodies and breath acetone at each time points. Therefore, monitoring breath acetone levels seems a less invasive method to predict blood concentrations of ketone bodies during ketogenic diet therapy. https://rctportal.niph.go.jp/en/detail?trial_id=UMIN000032634, UMIN-CTR UMIN000032634.
PubMed: 37829730
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1224740 -
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2024Pirarubicin (THP) shows more rapid intracellular uptake, more effective antitumor activity, and less cardiac toxicity, compared to doxorubicin. However, THP is...
Pirarubicin (THP) shows more rapid intracellular uptake, more effective antitumor activity, and less cardiac toxicity, compared to doxorubicin. However, THP is distributed to both tumor and normal tissues indiscriminately. This study aimed to develop a nanosuspension to deliver THP to tumor tissues more efficiently. Fatty-acid-modified THPs (FA-THPs; octanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, palmitic acid-THPs) were synthesized to increase the hydrophobicity of THP. Nanosuspensions of these FA-THPs were then prepared using an antisolvent precipitation technique. Among the FA-THPs, the most efficiently drug-loaded nanosuspension was obtained from palmitic acid-THP (pal-THP) using an aqueous antisolvent containing bovine serum albumin as a stabilizer. The pal-THP nanoparticles in the nanosuspension were confirmed to be of optimal size (100-125 nm) for delivery to tumor tissues using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The pal-THP nanosuspension showed cytotoxicity in colon 26 cells. The nanosuspension was shown to disintegrate in the presence of surfactants such as lecithin, liberating pal-THP, which was converted to free THP in acidic media. It is therefore proposed that pal-THP nanoparticles that reach tumor cells after intravenous administration would exert antitumor effect by liberating pal-THP (i.e., disintegration of nanoparticles by the interaction with cell membrane), followed by the release of free THP in the acidic milieu of tumor cells. These findings indicate that FA-THP nanosuspensions, particularly pal-THP nanosuspension, hold promise as a candidate for cancer treatment. However, further in vivo studies are necessary.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Palmitic Acid; Doxorubicin; Nanoparticles; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Suspensions; Particle Size; Solubility
PubMed: 38171901
DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00701 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The aim of this work is to discriminate between the volatile org9anic compound (VOC) characteristics of different qualities of green coffee beans () using two analysis...
The aim of this work is to discriminate between the volatile org9anic compound (VOC) characteristics of different qualities of green coffee beans () using two analysis approaches to classify the fresh product. High-quality coffee presented the highest values for positive attributes, the highest of which being fruity, herbal, and sweet. Low-quality samples showed negative attributes related to roasted, smoky, and abnormal fermentation. Alcohols and aromatic compounds were most abundant in the high-quality samples, while carboxylic acids, pyrazines, and pyridines were most abundant in the samples of low quality. The VOCs with positive attributes were phenylethyl alcohol, nonanal and 2-methyl-propanoic acid, and octyl ester, while those with negative attributes were pyridine, octanoic acid, and dimethyl sulfide. The aroma quality of fresh coffee beans was also discriminated using E-nose instruments. The PLS-DA model obtained from the E-nose data was able to classify the different qualities of green coffee beans and explained 96.9% of the total variance. A PLS chemometric approach was evaluated for quantifying the fruity aroma of the green coffee beans, obtaining an RP2 of 0.88. Thus, it can be concluded that the E-nose represents an accurate, inexpensive, and non-destructive device for discriminating between different coffee qualities during processing.
PubMed: 38201115
DOI: 10.3390/foods13010087 -
Journal of Dairy Science Apr 2024The cheese microbiota plays a critical role in influencing its sensory and physicochemical properties. In this study, traditional Apulian Caciocavallo cheese coming from...
The cheese microbiota plays a critical role in influencing its sensory and physicochemical properties. In this study, traditional Apulian Caciocavallo cheese coming from 4 different dairies in the same area and produced following standardized procedures have been examined, as well as the different bulk milks and natural whey starter cultures used. Moreover, considering the cheese wheels as the blocks of Caciocavallo cheeses as whole, these were characterized at different layers (i.e., core, under-rind, and rind) of the block using a multi-omics approach. In addition to physical-chemical characterization, culturomics, quantitative PCR, metagenomics, and metabolomics analysis, have been carried out post-salting and throughout ripening time (2 mo) to investigate the major shifts in the succession of the microbiota and flavor development. Culture-dependent and 16S rRNA metataxonomics results clearly clustered samples based on the microbiota biodiversity related to the production dairy plant as the result of the use of different NWS or intrinsic conditions of each production site. At the beginning of the ripening, cheeses were dominated by the Lactobacillus and, in 2 dairies (Art and SdC), Streptococcus genera associated with the NWS. The analysis allowed us to show that, although the diversity of identified genera did not change significantly between the rind, under-rind and core fractions of the same samples, there was an evolution in the relative abundance and absolute quantification, modifying and differentiating profiles during ripening. The qPCR mainly differentiated the temporal adaptation of those species originating from bulk milks and those provided by NWSs. The primary starter detected in NWS and cheese reassured the high relative concentration of 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-heptanol, 2-butanone, acetoin, delta-dodecalactone, hexanoic acid ethyl ester, octanoic acid ethyl ester, and VFFA during ripening, while cheeses displaying low abundances of Streptococcus and Lactococcus (dairy Del) have a lower total concentration of acetoin compared with Art and SdC. However, the sub-dominant strains and NSLAB present in cheeses are responsible for the production of secondary metabolites belonging to the chemical classes of ketones, alcohols, and organic acids, reaffirming the importance and relevance of autochthonous strains of each dairy plant although considering a delimited production area.
PubMed: 38642657
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24049 -
Food Microbiology Jun 2024This work describes the characterization of an artisanal sourdough set of bakeries located in the city of Valencia. Culture-dependent and -independent analyses detected...
This work describes the characterization of an artisanal sourdough set of bakeries located in the city of Valencia. Culture-dependent and -independent analyses detected Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kazachstania humilis as dominant species. Nevertheless, specific technological parameters, including backslopping temperature, dough yield, or the addition of salt affected microbial counting, LAB/Yeast ratio, and gassing performance, favouring the appearance of several species of Lactobacillus sp., Limosilactobacillus pontis or Torulaspora delbrueckii as additional players. Sourdough leavening activity was affected positively by yeast counts and negatively by the presence of salt. In addition, the predominance of a particular yeast species appeared to impact the dynamics of CO release. Seven important flavour-active compounds (ethyl acetate, 1-hexanol, 2-penthylfuran, 3-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 2-octen-1-ol, nonanal and 1-nonanol) were detected in all samples and together with 3-methyl butanol and hexyl acetate represented more than the 53% of volatile abundancy in nine of the ten sourdoughs analysed. Even so, the specific microbial composition of each sample influenced the volatile profile. For example, the occurrence of K. humilis or S. cerevisiae as dominant yeast influenced the composition of major alcohol species, while F. sanfranciscensis and L. pontis positively correlated with aldehydes and octanoic acid content. In addition, relevant correlations could be also found among different technological parameters and between these, volatile compounds and microbial species. Overall, our study emphasises on how differences in technological parameters generate biodiversity in a relatively small set of artisan sourdoughs providing opportunities for excellence and quality baking products.
Topics: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Bioprospecting; Fermentation; Bread; Biodiversity; Flour; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 38431320
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104474 -
PeerJ 2024Grafting is widely applied in the cultivation of melon. In this study, 'Qinmi No.1' ( L.(QG)) and 'Ribenxuesong' ( Duch. (RG)) were used as rootstocks for 'Qingxin...
Grafting is widely applied in the cultivation of melon. In this study, 'Qinmi No.1' ( L.(QG)) and 'Ribenxuesong' ( Duch. (RG)) were used as rootstocks for 'Qingxin Yangjiaocui' ( L.). The results showed that grafting with muskmelon rootstocks had no significant effect on fruit aroma, but grafting with pumpkin rootstocks significantly reduced the odor intensity and odor preference scores of melon fruits. Compared with the fruits from self-grafted plants (SG), four new aromatic volatiles with a sweet smell were detected, the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was significantly decreased at 30 DAP, but unaffected at 42 DAP in QG fruits. There was no difference for alcohol acetyltransferase (AAT) activity between QG and SG fruits. The expression level of was significantly higher at 30 DAP and 42 DAP, but was significantly lower at 42 DAP in QG fruits compared with SG fruits. In RG fruits, the main aroma compounds including butanoic acid ethyl ester, 2-methyl-2-butene-1-al, and 2-methylheptan-1-al were absent, while the volatile compounds with unpleasant odor characteristics including , -2,6-nonadien-1-ol, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, octanoic acid, and styrene were detected. Compared with SG fruits, 1-nonanol and 1-heptanol with green odor characteristics were significantly increased, but eucalyptol and farnesene with fruity aroma characteristics were significantly decreased in RG fruits. The ADH activity of RG fruits was significantly lower than that of SG fruits at 30 DAP and the AAT activity was significantly lower than that of SG fruits at 42 DAP. In addition, the expression levels of and homologs in RG fruits were significantly lower than those in SG or QG fruits. These results show that grafting with pumpkin rootstocks affected the main aroma components, reduced ADH and AAT activities, and down-regulated the expression levels of and in the melon fruits. This study reveals the mechanism of different rootstocks on melon fruit aroma quality, and lays a theoretical foundation for the selection of rootstocks in melon production. Future studies using overexpression or CRISPR/CAS system to obtain stable transgenic lines of genes encoding key aromatic volatiles, would be promising to effectively improve the flavor quality of melon.
Topics: Odorants; Fruit; Cucumis melo; Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Smell; Cucurbita
PubMed: 38192601
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16704 -
PloS One 2023Asthma attacks are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations, and identification of associations with asthma attacks is necessary to improve...
BACKGROUND
Asthma attacks are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations, and identification of associations with asthma attacks is necessary to improve public awareness and the timely delivery of medical interventions.
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to identify feature importance of factors associated with asthma in a representative population of US adults.
METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using a modern, nationally representative cohort, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2017-2020). All adult patients greater than 18 years of age (total of 7,922 individuals) with information on asthma attacks were included in the study. Univariable regression was used to identify significant nutritional covariates to be included in a machine learning model and feature importance was reported. The acquisition and analysis of the data were authorized by the National Center for Health Statistics Ethics Review Board.
RESULTS
7,922 patients met the inclusion criteria in this study. The machine learning model had 55 out of a total of 680 features that were found to be significant on univariate analysis (P<0.0001 used). In the XGBoost model the model had an Area Under the Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve (AUROC) = 0.737, Sensitivity = 0.960, NPV = 0.967. The top five highest ranked features by gain, a measure of the percentage contribution of the covariate to the overall model prediction, were Octanoic Acid intake as a Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA) (gm) (Gain = 8.8%), Eosinophil percent (Gain = 7.9%), BMXHIP-Hip Circumference (cm) (Gain = 7.2%), BMXHT-standing height (cm) (Gain = 6.2%) and HS C-Reactive Protein (mg/L) (Gain 6.1%).
CONCLUSION
Machine Learning models can additionally offer feature importance and additional statistics to help identify associations with asthma attacks.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Nutrition Surveys; Asthma; Machine Learning; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 37992024
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288903 -
Bioresource Technology Nov 2023Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biological polyesters, viewed as a replacement for petrochemical plastic. However, they suffer from suboptimal physical and mechanical...
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biological polyesters, viewed as a replacement for petrochemical plastic. However, they suffer from suboptimal physical and mechanical properties. Here, it was shown that a metabolically versatile Pseudomonas umsongensis GO16 can synthesise a blend of short chain length (scl) and medium chain length (mcl)-PHA. A defined mix of butyric (BA) and octanoic acid (OA) in different ratios was used. The PHA monomer composition varied depending on the feeding strategy. When OA and BA were fed at 80:20 ratio it showed 14, 8, 77 and 1 mol% of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate, (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate, (R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate and (R)-3-hydroxydecanoate respectively. The polymer characterisation clearly shows that polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and mcl-PHA are produced individually. The two polymers are blended on the PHA granule level, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy and yeast two-hybrid assay. The resulting blend has a specific viscoelasticity compared to PHB and PHO. Mcl-PHA acts as a plasticiser and reduces PHB brittleness.
Topics: Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Pseudomonas; Polyesters
PubMed: 37572888
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129668