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Food Science and Biotechnology Jan 2024A new method of high-power pulsed microwave (HPPM) was applied to accelerate the aging of blueberry wine. The color changes of blueberry wines during aging were...
A new method of high-power pulsed microwave (HPPM) was applied to accelerate the aging of blueberry wine. The color changes of blueberry wines during aging were investigated through Chemical Wine Age and CIE-LAB measurement. Results showed that the blueberry wines treated by HPPM at low frequencies (50 and 100 Hz) exhibited improved color characteristics with * value reaching 47.04 at 100 Hz, an increased maturity of wine body, and a shortened chemical wine age from 90 days to 75 days. Moreover, the aroma changes determined by GC-MS showed that HPPM accelerated the formation of esters in blueberry wine, which were increased by 18.44% and 56.97% respectively under the conditions of 50 and 150 Hz. The formation of acid substances was reduced compared with the original wine, with contents of acetic acid, caproic acid, and octanoic acid of 29.46 µg/mL, 15.60 µg/mL, 17.74 µg/mL, respectively, displaying an enhanced wine flavor.
PubMed: 38186622
DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01325-x -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Solvents prepared from natural terpenes (menthol and thymol), as H-bond acceptors, and a series of organic acids (chain lengths of 8, 10, and 14 C atoms), as H-bond...
Solvents prepared from natural terpenes (menthol and thymol), as H-bond acceptors, and a series of organic acids (chain lengths of 8, 10, and 14 C atoms), as H-bond donors, were characterized and tested as reaction media for liquid-liquid extraction purposes. Due to their high hydrophobicity, they seem to be promising alternatives to conventional (nonpolar and toxic) solvents, since they possess relatively less toxic, less volatile, and consequently, more environmentally friendly characteristics. Assuming that the equilibrium is established between solvent and analyte during a ligandless procedure, it can be concluded that those nonpolar solvents can efficiently extract nonpolar analytes from the aqueous environment. Previous investigations showed a wide range of applications, including their use as solvents in extractions of metal cations, small molecules, and bioactive compounds for food and pharmaceutical applications. In this work, hydrophobic solvents based on natural terpenes, which showed chemical stability and desirable physicochemical and thermal properties, were chosen as potential reaction media in the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) procedure for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions. Low viscosities and high hydrophobicities of prepared solvents were confirmed as desirable properties for their application. Extraction parameters were optimized, and chosen solvents were applied. The results showed satisfactory extraction efficiencies in simple and fast procedures, followed by low solvent consumption. The best results (98%) were obtained by the thymol-based solvent, thymol-decanoic acid (Thy-DecA) 1:1, followed by L-menthol-based solvents: menthol-octanoic acid (Men-OctA) 1:1 with 97% and menthol-decanoic acid (Men-DecA) 1:1 with 94.3% efficiency.
PubMed: 38731611
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092122 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jun 2024In this study, Cannabidiol crystals (CBD) were used as a BCS class II model drug to generate a novel therapeutic deep eutectic solvent (THEDES) with easy preparation...
In this study, Cannabidiol crystals (CBD) were used as a BCS class II model drug to generate a novel therapeutic deep eutectic solvent (THEDES) with easy preparation using caprylic acid (CA). The hydrogen bonding interaction was confirmed by different techniques such as FT-IR and NMR, resulting in a hydrophobic system suitable for liquid formulations. The CBD-based THEDES, combined with a specific mixture of surfactants and co-surfactants, successfully formed a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) that generated uniform nano-sized droplets once dispersed in water. Hence, the THEDES showed compatibility with the self-emulsifying approach, offering an alternative method to load drugs at their therapeutic dosage. Physical stability concerns regarding the unconventional oily phase were addressed through stress tests using multiple and dynamic light scattering, demonstrating the robustness of the system. In addition, the formulated SEDDS proved effective in protecting CBD from the harsh acidic gastric environment for up to 2 h at pH 1.2. Furthermore, in vitro studies have confirmed the safety of the formulation and the ability of CBD to permeate Caco-2 cells when formulated. This investigation highlights the potential incorporation of THEDES in lipid-based formulations like SEDDS, expanding the avenues for innovative oral drug delivery approaches.
Topics: Caco-2 Cells; Humans; Emulsions; Solvents; Drug Delivery Systems; Cannabidiol; Caprylates; Surface-Active Agents; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Drug Stability; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Emulsifying Agents
PubMed: 38797251
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124267 -
Analytica Chimica Acta Jul 2024Therapeutic drug monitoring of treatment with therapeutic antibodies is hampered by the application of a wide range of different methods in the quantification of serum...
BACKGROUND
Therapeutic drug monitoring of treatment with therapeutic antibodies is hampered by the application of a wide range of different methods in the quantification of serum levels. LC-MS based methods could significantly improve comparability of results from different laboratories, but such methods are often considered complicated and costly. We developed a method for LC-MS/MS based quantification of 11 therapeutic antibodies concomitantly measured in a single run, with emphasis on simplicity in sample preparation and low cost.
RESULTS
After a single-step sample purification using caprylic acid precipitation to remove interfering proteins, the sample underwent proteolysis followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Infliximab is used as internal standard for sample preparation while isotope-labeled signature peptides identified for each analyte are internal standards for the LC-MS/MS normalization. The method was validated according to recognized guidelines, and pipetting steps can be performed by automated liquid handling systems. The total precision of the method ranged between 2.7 and 7.3 % (5.1 % average) across the quantification range of 4-256 μg/ml for all 11 drugs, with an average accuracy of 96.3 %. Matrix effects were xamined in 55 individual patient samples instead of the recommended 6, and 147 individual patient samples were screened for interfering compounds.
SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY
Our method for simultaneous quantification of 11 t-mAb in human serum allows an unprecedented integration of robustness, speed and reduced complexity, which could pave the way for uniform use in research projects and clinical settings alike. In addition, the first LC-MS protocol for signature peptide-based quantification of durvalumab is described. This high throughput method can be readily adapted to a drug panel of choice.
Topics: Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Caprylates; Chemical Precipitation; Chromatography, Liquid; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 38862206
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342789 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Feb 2024Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a synthetic organofluoride surfactant associated with several toxic effects in humans and animals. Particularly, it has been observed...
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a synthetic organofluoride surfactant associated with several toxic effects in humans and animals. Particularly, it has been observed that PFOA treatment of mice results in weight loss associated with recruited brown adipose tissue (BAT), including an increased amount of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). The molecular mechanism behind this BAT recruitment is presently unknown. To investigate the existence of possible cell-autonomous effects of PFOA, we treated primary cultures of brown and white (inguinal) adipocytes with PFOA, or with the non-fluorinated equivalent octanoate, or with vehicle, for 48 h (from day 5 to day 7 of differentiation). PFOA in itself increased the gene expression (mRNA levels) of UCP1 and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1α) (thermogenesis-related genes) in both brown and white adipocytes. In addition, PFOA increased the expression of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) (adipogenesis-related genes). Also the protein levels of UCP1 were increased in brown adipocytes exposed to PFOA. This increase was more due to an increase in the fraction of cells that expressed UCP1 than to an increase in UCP1 levels per cell. The PFOA-induced changes were even more pronounced under simultaneous adrenergic stimulation. Octanoate induced less pronounced effects on adipocytes than did PFOA. Thus, PFOA in itself increased the levels of thermogenic markers in brown and white adipocytes. This could enhance the energy metabolism of animals (and humans) exposed to the compound, resulting in a negative energy balance, leading to diminished fitness.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Adipogenesis; Caprylates; Adipocytes, White; Thermogenesis; Fluorocarbons
PubMed: 38237396
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115955 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024The supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) has garnered significant attention as an innovative, efficient, and environmentally friendly solvent for the effective extraction and...
The supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) has garnered significant attention as an innovative, efficient, and environmentally friendly solvent for the effective extraction and separation of bioactive compounds from natural resources. However, research on the use of a SUPRAS for the extraction of phenolic compounds from plants, which are highly valued in food products due to their exceptional antioxidant properties, remains scarce. The present study developed a green, ultra-sound-assisted SUPRAS method for the simultaneous determination of three phenolic acids in using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The experimental parameters were meticulously optimized. The efficiency and antioxidant properties of the phenolic compounds obtained using different extraction methods were also compared. Under optimal conditions, the extraction efficiency of the SUPRAS, prepared with octanoic acid reverse micelles dispersed in ethanol-water, significantly exceeded that of conventional organic solvents. Moreover, the SUPRAS method demonstrated greater antioxidant capacity. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images revealed the spherical droplet structure of the SUPRAS, characterized by a well-defined circular fluorescence position, which coincided with the position of the phenolic acids. The phenolic acids were encapsulated within the SUPRAS droplets, indicating their efficient extraction capacity. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations combined with CLSM supported the proposed method's mechanism and theoretically demonstrated the superior extraction performance of the SUPRAS. In contrast to conventional methods, the higher extraction efficiency of the SUPRAS can be attributed to the larger solvent contact surface area, the formation of more types of hydrogen bonds between the extractants and the supramolecular solvents, and stronger, more stable interaction forces. The results of the theoretical studies corroborate the experimental outcomes.
Topics: Solvents; Phenols; Antioxidants; Plant Extracts; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Green Chemistry Technology; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Hydroxybenzoates
PubMed: 38731557
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092067 -
Food Chemistry Jun 2024Orange peels contain a considerable number of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, that can be used as ingredients in high-value products. The aim of this study was...
Orange peels contain a considerable number of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, that can be used as ingredients in high-value products. The aim of this study was to compare orange peel extracts obtained with different green solvents (vegetable oils, fatty acids, and deep eutectic solvents (DES)). In addition, the chemical characterization of a new hydrophobic DES formed by octanoic acid and l-proline (C8:Pro) was performed. The extracts were compared in terms of carotenoid extraction, antioxidant activity by three methods, color, and environmental impact. The results confirmed that the mixture of C8:Pro is a DES and showed the highest carotenoid extraction (46.01 µg/g) compared to hexane (39.28 µg/g). The antioxidant activity was also the highest in C8:Pro (2438.8 µM TE/mL). Finally, two assessment models were used to evaluate the greenness and sustainability of the proposed extractions. These results demonstrated the potential use of orange peels in the circular economy and industry.
Topics: Solvents; Antioxidants; Citrus sinensis; Carotenoids; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 38271911
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138530 -
Talanta Jan 2024In this paper, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES)-based for liquid phase microextraction (LPME) is proposed for the isolation of different psychoactive substances in...
In this paper, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES)-based for liquid phase microextraction (LPME) is proposed for the isolation of different psychoactive substances in water and biological fluids followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The NADES composition was optimized (L-menthol:octanoic acid, 1:2 M ratio) prior to the study of the extraction conditions such as sample and elution volumes, obtaining up to 16-fold preconcentration factor. Next, the quality parameters were studied including linearity from LOQs (0.0006-0.05 μg L) to 100 μg L, precision values (expressed as relative standard deviation, RSD≤8 %) and recoveries above 70 % in most cases. Certified saliva and serum samples were analyzed by the proposed method to assess the accuracy of the developed procedure, providing values statistically comparable to the certified ones. In addition, the proposed methodology was evaluated by applying green metrics (AGREEprep tool) and the obtained values were compared with those reported for a similar procedure using LPME with common organic solvents such as chloroform or dichloromethane, outperforming them in both cases, which points out the potential of this method from the sustainability point of view.
Topics: Deep Eutectic Solvents; Chromatography, Liquid; Liquid Phase Microextraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Solvents; Limit of Detection
PubMed: 37813012
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125277 -
Food Chemistry Jun 2024This study comprehensively characterised a protected designation of origin mussel 'Cozza di Scardovari' (Mytilus galloprovincialis) by examining how it is affected by...
This study comprehensively characterised a protected designation of origin mussel 'Cozza di Scardovari' (Mytilus galloprovincialis) by examining how it is affected by the farming site (outer vs. inner area of the lagoon) and harvest time (21 April vs. 18 May vs. 16 June). Harvest time affected the marketable traits and fatty acid profile of mussels, whereas farming site scarcely affected marketable traits and mussel yields. Mussels from the inner area of the lagoon displayed a superior nutritional profile, including higher contents of proteins (7.8% vs. 7.4%; P < 0.05), lipids (1.2% vs. 1.0%; P < 0.001) and essential amino acids such as tryptophan (+24%; P < 0.05) and valine (+8%; P < 0.05), with a more favourable n-3/n-6 ratio (7.7 vs. 7.0; P < 0.001) than those from the close-to-sea area. Volatile organic compounds, mainly octanoic acid, dimethyl sulphide and 1-penten-3-ol, differed between farming sites within the same lagoon.
PubMed: 38878550
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140078