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Archives Animal Breeding 2023The aim of the study was to compare carcass composition and physicochemical and sensory attributes of breast and leg meat from native Mexican guajolote () as influenced...
The aim of the study was to compare carcass composition and physicochemical and sensory attributes of breast and leg meat from native Mexican guajolote () as influenced by sex. For this, slaughter weight and carcass characteristics of male () and female () guajolotes raised traditionally under extensive systems with similar housing and feeding conditions were recorded. Also, physical characteristics, proximate composition, the fatty acid profile, and sensory attributes were determined in breast and leg meat using standard procedures. The results showed that males had higher () slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights, and dressing percentage, as well as carcass part weights, while females had higher () abdominal fat weights than males. The lightness (), yellowness (), and drip loss values of breast meat, as well as redness () and water-holding capacity values of leg meat, were significantly () influenced by sex. Male breast meat had higher () moisture content, crude protein, erucic acid (C22:1n9), MUFAs (total monounsaturated fatty acids), UFAs (unsaturated fatty acids), DFAs (desirable fatty acids), UFA SFA (total saturated fatty acid) ratio, PUFA (total polyunsaturated fatty acid) SFA ratio, and chewiness scores than females. Likewise, leg meat from males showed higher () ash content, myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7), SFAs, OFAs (odd fatty acids), thrombogenic index, and atherogenic index, whereas females had high fat content. In conclusion, it would be suggested that, from a nutritional point of view, the meat from male guajolotes was preferable to the meat from females.
PubMed: 38111389
DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-341-2023 -
ACS Omega Nov 2023Oilseed rape ( L.) is an important oilseed crop. We examined the diversity of germplasm expressed at three distinct levels (i.e., morphological, biochemical, and DNA...
Oilseed rape ( L.) is an important oilseed crop. We examined the diversity of germplasm expressed at three distinct levels (i.e., morphological, biochemical, and DNA levels). In this study, 150 L. accessions with three check varieties were provided by Bioresources Conservation Institute. The germplasm was grown in field conditions for data collection of 15 quantitative and nine qualitative agro-morphological traits. The result indicated that for 15 quantitative agro-morphological traits, the highest coefficient of variation was recorded for plant height and days to flowering initiation. For nine qualitative traits, most of the accessions have a spatulate leaf, brown color seeds, yellow flowers, and erect silique attitude. The best adoptable genetically diverse exotic germplasms were selected, i.e., accessions 24178, 24881, 24199, 24214, 24242, and 24192. Based on biochemical analysis for high oil content and high oleic acid content, chakwal sarsoon and accession 24192 were selected. For high oleic and linoleic acids, accession 24181 performed best, for low erucic acid accessions 24177 and 24195. Based on molecular (SSR) markers, the top 50 selected genotypes were evaluated with 30 SSR markers. The 47 genotypes with three check varieties were clustered in six major groups; the coefficient of similarity ranged between 0.18 and 1.00. Based on SSR data, the germplasms accession 24178 and Abasin were the most diverse genotypes. These genotypes have the capacity and could be used in future breeding programs. High genetic variations were investigated through the SSR among the studied genotypes of L. The present study also concluded that SSR is a better technique for intraspecific genetic diversity. Other modern techniques should be applied such as SNIP for the investigation of a high level of genetic diversity among crop plants in the future.
PubMed: 38046330
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05688 -
Translational Andrology and Urology Apr 2024Inflammation, fibrosis and autophagy represent closely related factors associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED). In this study,...
BACKGROUND
Inflammation, fibrosis and autophagy represent closely related factors associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED). In this study, the therapeutic effect of nitro-oleic acid (NO-OA) in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of DMED was evaluated.
METHODS
Sixty rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, DMED, DMED + Vehicle and DMED + NO-OA. DMED was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in male rats. Blood glucose and body weight were measured every 2 weeks. After 4 weeks of NO-OA treatment, erectile function was measured by electrical stimulation of cavernous nerve (CN). Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence and Masson's trichrome staining were used to verify the related factors and protein expression levels.
RESULTS
We found that NO-OA could significantly increase erectile pressure in the corpus cavernosum of DMED rats. Results of western blot, confocal immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR assays revealed that NO-OA significantly reduced inflammatory factors and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, Masson staining results indicated that NO-OA significantly reduced the display of fibrotic tissue in the corpus cavernosum. These beneficial effects may be related to reductions in the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and the increase in the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Finally, NO-OA treatment increased the expression of the autophagy marker, LC3, while P62 was decreased, effects suggesting that one of the underlying mechanisms of NO-OA may involve an activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to enhance the capacity for autophagy within this tissue.
CONCLUSIONS
NO-OA enhances erectile function within a rat model of DMED by inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis along with activating autophagy.
PubMed: 38721285
DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-547 -
BMC Genomics Sep 2023Olive oil contains monounsaturated oleic acid up to 83% and phenolic compounds, making it an excellent source of fat. Due to its economic importance, the quantity and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Olive oil contains monounsaturated oleic acid up to 83% and phenolic compounds, making it an excellent source of fat. Due to its economic importance, the quantity and quality of olive oil should be improved in parallel with international standards. In this study, we analyzed the raw RNA-seq data with a meta-analysis approach to identify important genes and their metabolic pathways involved in olive oil quality.
RESULTS
A deep search of RNA-seq published data shed light on thirty-nine experiments associated with the olive transcriptome, four of these proved to be ideal for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis confirmed the genes identified in previous studies and released new genes, which were not identified before. According to the IDR index, the meta-analysis had good power to identify new differentially expressed genes. The key genes were investigated in the metabolic pathways and were grouped into four classes based on the biosynthetic cycle of fatty acids and factors that affect oil quality. Galactose metabolism, glycolysis pathway, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, glycerolipid metabolism, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis were the main pathways in olive oil quality. In galactose metabolism, raffinose is a suitable source of carbon along with other available sources for carbon in fruit development. The results showed that the biosynthesis of acetyl-CoA in glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism is a stable pathway to begin the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Key genes in oleic acid production as an indicator of oil quality and critical genes that played an important role in production of triacylglycerols were identified in different developmental stages. In the minor compound, the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis was investigated and important enzymes were identified as an interconnected network that produces important precursors for the synthesis of a monoterpene, diterpene, triterpene, tetraterpene, and sesquiterpene biosynthesis.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the current investigation can produce functional data related to the quality of olive oil and would be a useful step in reducing the time of cultivar screening by developing gene specific markers in olive breeding programs, releasing also new genes that could be applied in the genome editing approach.
Topics: Olea; Galactose; Olive Oil; Transcriptome; Plant Breeding; Carbon; Fatty Acids; Oleic Acids; Terpenes; Pyruvates
PubMed: 37740234
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09673-y -
Journal of Clinical and Translational... Oct 2023Donors with fatty livers are considered to address the shortage of livers for transplantation, but those livers are particularly sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion injury...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Donors with fatty livers are considered to address the shortage of livers for transplantation, but those livers are particularly sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and an increased incidence of graft failure is observed. Kupffer cells account for 20-35% of liver nonparenchymal cells, and have been shown to participate in the process of IRI and inflammatory reactions of hepatic steatosis. NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) is an intracellular sensor activated by Kupffer cells to promote generation and participates in IRI. Dynamics-associated protein 1 (Drp1) is one of the main proteins regulating mitochondrial division and exacerbates IRI by affecting mitochondrial dynamics. The mechanism of interaction of Kupffer cells with Drp1 and NLRP3 to aggravate IRI has not been clarified.
METHODS
A mouse model of hepatic steatosis was established by feeding the mice with a high-fat diet. experiments were performed using AML12 normal mouse liver cells and RAW264.7 mononuclear macrophage cells cultured in medium with palmitate and oleic acid. Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to detect the expression of NLRPP3 and Drp1 in IRI in the control and high-fat diet groups. The expression of F4/80+ cells during IRI in hepatic steatosis was verified by IHC staining, and the role of NLRPP3 and Drp1 in Kupffer-cell mediated IRI was investigated by targeting Drp-1 inhibition.
RESULTS
Drp1 and NLRP3 expression was increased during IRI in hepatic steatosis, and the expression of Drp1 and NLRP3 were decreased after the elimination of Kupffer cells. That indicated Kupffer cells were involved in the process of IRI in hepatic steatosis through the action of Drp1 and NLRP3. After Drp1 inhibition, liver function was restored and NLRP3 expression level was reduced.
CONCLUSIONS
Kupffer cells aggravated IRI in hepatic steatosis via NLRP3 and Drp1. Drp1 inhibitors might be useful as specific therapeutics to alleviate IRI in hepatic steatosis and may have promise in case of liver donor shortage.
PubMed: 37577223
DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00109 -
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of... Nov 2023Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious intensive care condition. Despite advances in treatment over the previous few decades, ARDS patients still have...
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious intensive care condition. Despite advances in treatment over the previous few decades, ARDS patients still have high fatality rates. Thus, more research is needed to improve the outcomes for people with ARDS. Minocycline is an antibiotic with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. In the current investigation, the therapeutic effects of minocycline on oleic acid-induced ARDS were evaluated. Male rats were classified into 6 groups, 1. control (normal saline), 2. oleic acid (100 µL, i.v.), 3-5. oleic acid + minocycline (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, i.p.), and 6. minocycline (200 mg/kg, i.p.) alone. Twenty-four hours after the oleic acid injection, the lung tissue is isolated, weighed, and the middle part of the right lung is immediately placed in the freezer, while the middle part of the left lung is placed in formalin and sent to the laboratory for pathology testing. Then, the amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), cytokines (interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X (Bax), and cleaved caspase-3 were determined in lung tissue. Administration of oleic acid increased emphysema, inflammation, vascular congestion, hemorrhage, MDA amount, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, IL-1β, TNF-α levels, and decreased GSH, SOD, and CAT levels in comparison with the control group. The administration of minocycline could significantly reduce pathological and biochemical alterations induced by oleic acid. Minocycline has a therapeutic effect on oleic acid-induced ARDS through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Male; Animals; Minocycline; Oleic Acid; Caspase 3; Antioxidants; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 37247013
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02532-3 -
Nitric Oxide : Biology and Chemistry Jun 2024Obesity is commonly linked with adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, setting off inflammation and oxidative stress, both key contributors to the cardiometabolic...
Obesity is commonly linked with adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, setting off inflammation and oxidative stress, both key contributors to the cardiometabolic complications associated with obesity. To improve metabolic and cardiovascular health, countering these inflammatory and oxidative signaling processes is crucial. Offering potential in this context, the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by nitro-fatty acids (NO-FA) promote diverse anti-inflammatory signaling and counteract oxidative stress. Additionally, we previously highlighted that nitro-oleic acid (NO-OA) preferentially accumulates in white adipose tissue (AT) and provides protection against already established high fat diet (HFD)-mediated impaired glucose tolerance. The precise mechanism accounting for these protective effects remained largely unexplored until now. Herein, we reveal that protective effects of improved glucose tolerance by NO-OA is absent when Nrf2 is specifically ablated in adipocytes (ANKO mice). NO-OA treatment did not alter body weight between ANKO and littermate controls (Nrf2) mice on both the HFD and low-fat diet (LFD). As expected, at day 76 (before NO-OA treatment) and notably at day 125 (daily treatment of 15 mg/kg NO-OA for 48 days), both HFD-fed Nrf2 and ANKO mice exhibited increased fat mass and reduced lean mass compared to LFD controls. However, throughout the NO-OA treatment, no distinction was observed between Nrf2 and ANKO in the HFD-fed mice as well as in the Nrf2 mice fed a LFD. Glucose tolerance tests revealed impaired glucose tolerance in HFD-fed Nrf2 and ANKO compared to LFD-fed Nrf2 mice. Notably, NO-OA treatment improved glucose tolerance in HFD-fed Nrf2 but did not yield the same improvement in ANKO mice at days 15, 30, and 55 of treatment. Unraveling the pathways linked to NO-OA's protective effects in obesity-mediated impairment in glucose tolerance is pivotal within the realm of precision medicine, crucially propelling future applications and refining novel drug-based strategies.
PubMed: 38879114
DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.06.002 -
Food Science of Animal Resources Nov 2023The fatty acid composition and small molecular metabolites in breast and leg meat of Yanjin blackbone chickens (YBC) and Piao chickens (PC) were detected by gas...
The fatty acid composition and small molecular metabolites in breast and leg meat of Yanjin blackbone chickens (YBC) and Piao chickens (PC) were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-quadrupole static field orbital trap mass spectrometry. Thirty-two fatty acids were detected, and the total fatty acid content of PC was significantly higher than that of YBC (p<0.05). Oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and arachidonic acid were the main fatty acids in the two chicken varieties, and the composition of fatty acids in the two varieties were mainly unsaturated fatty acids, being more than 61.10% of the total fatty acids. Meanwhile, 12 and 16 compounds were screened out from chicken legs and chicken breasts of YBC and PC, respectively, which had important contributions to the differences between groups.
PubMed: 37969319
DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e53 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023At present, whole grains are usually obtained by adding bran and middlings to refined flours, and this recombination leads to certain variations in the ratio of...
At present, whole grains are usually obtained by adding bran and middlings to refined flours, and this recombination leads to certain variations in the ratio of endosperm, bran and germ, resulting in flours with very different compositional characteristics and rheological properties. Therefore, this study focuses on the identification of specific lipid markers in different debranning fractions of Italian and Canadian durum wheat blends. The by-products obtained from five different debranning levels (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15%) had a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids and a higher concentration of tocopherols and sterols than the corresponding debranned grains. The Italian and Canadian durum wheat samples did not show significant differences in the content of these bioactive lipid compounds. In particular, palmitic acid, oleic acid, tocopherol isomers and total sterols could be useful biomarkers for evaluating the grain-to-tissue ratio in recombined flours.
PubMed: 37628034
DOI: 10.3390/foods12163036 -
Food Chemistry: X Oct 2023This study exposed high-oleic rapeseed oil (HORO) to different pretreatment (microwave or roasting) and processing methods to investigate (cold pressing, hexane...
This study exposed high-oleic rapeseed oil (HORO) to different pretreatment (microwave or roasting) and processing methods to investigate (cold pressing, hexane extraction, subcritical butane extraction, and aqueous enzymatic extraction) the effects of processing technologies on HORO parameters associated with its physicochemical properties, endogenous antioxidant substances, and antioxidant capacity. The oil yield of various processing technologies was between 35.4% and 59.7%, and the fatty acid composition did not significantly differ. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses were used for evaluation. The results revealed that the microwave pretreatment-hexane extraction (M-HE) method resulted in significantly higher levels of tocopherols (688.4 mg/kg), polyphenols (1007.76 mg/kg), and phytosterols (1810.6 mg/kg) in HORO, implying strong free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH-oil: 79.63, DPPH-nonpolar: 71.42, DPPH-polar: 6.65, FRAP: 55.4, ABTS: 3043.7 μmol TE/kg). Hence, M-HE is a promising method for producing HORO with a higher stability and nutritional value.
PubMed: 37780269
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100804