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Journal of Pediatric Surgery Nov 2023Children with omphalocele have an increased prevalence of Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and thus a suspected increased risk of developing embryonal tumors, e.g....
AIM OF THE STUDY
Children with omphalocele have an increased prevalence of Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and thus a suspected increased risk of developing embryonal tumors, e.g. Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of BWS and the risk of embryonal tumors amongst patients born with omphalocele.
METHODS
A population-based cohort was used, including all children born in Sweden 1/1 1997-31/12 2016. Patients with omphalocele were identified through the Swedish National Patient Register and the Swedish Medical Birth Register. For each case of omphalocele ten age and sex matched individuals unexposed for omphalocele were randomly selected for comparison. Data on BWS and embryonal tumors were collected from the Swedish National Patient Register and the Swedish National Cancer Register.
MAIN RESULTS
Out of 207 cases of omphalocele, 15 (7.2%) were diagnosed with BWS. None of the children with omphalocele had yet developed any kind of embryonal tumor (median follow-up time 8 years). None of the 2070 controls were diagnosed with BWS but 3 (0.1%) of them had developed embryonal tumors during a median follow-up time of 10 years.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study the prevalence of BWS amongst children born with omphalocele is in the lower range of previously reported figures. Also, the prevalence of embryonal tumors amongst children with BWS is lower than expected and the risk of embryonal tumors in children with omphalocele and BWS might not be as high as previously stated. This must be taken into consideration when counseling parents prenatally.
TYPE OF STUDY
National register cohort study.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
II.
PubMed: 37355432
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.05.021 -
JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical... Dec 2023Hernia is one of the most common surgical conditions causing disability and requiring hospital admission and surgery. The aim of this study was to find out the...
INTRODUCTION
Hernia is one of the most common surgical conditions causing disability and requiring hospital admission and surgery. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of hernia among patients admitted to the Department of Surgery of a tertiary care centre.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted to the Department of Surgery between 14 April 2021 and 13 April 2023 and were collected from 1 July 2023 to 31 July 2023 from the hospital records. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee. The patient admitted to the Department of Surgery was included and those with incomplete data were excluded. Convenience sampling was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
RESULTS
Out of 2057 patients, the prevalence of hernia was 247 (12.01%) (10.61-13.41, 95% Confidence Interval). A total of 31 (12.55%) hernias were irreducible and 15 (6.07%) were operated in the emergency setting. The most common type of hernia was inguinal hernia found in 169 (68.42%) and hypertension was the most common comorbidities found in 48 (19.43%).
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of hernia was similar to other studies done in similar settings. Hernia accounts for a major surgical burden in our setting. So, early diagnosis and treatment could reduce the morbidity and mortality related to it.
KEYWORDS
hernia; inguinal hernia; prevalence; surgery; umbilical hernia.
Topics: Humans; Hernia, Inguinal; Tertiary Care Centers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hospitalization; Hypertension
PubMed: 38289761
DOI: 10.31729/jnma.8361 -
JSLS : Journal of the Society of... 2024We operated on a series of mostly obese patients with diastasis recti abdominis using the "Slim-Mesh" technique to repair/reinforce the diastasis and linea alba/recti...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
We operated on a series of mostly obese patients with diastasis recti abdominis using the "Slim-Mesh" technique to repair/reinforce the diastasis and linea alba/recti muscles without plicating and traumatizing them. Additional objectives were to decrease operation time and intra- and postoperative complications.
METHODS
We considered T1 cases diastasis after pregnancy and T2 cases obesity (BMI ≥ 30 mg/kg); D1, D2, and D3 when the diastasis measured 2-3, 3-5, and ≥ 5 cm, respectively; H0 and H1 without and concomitant umbilical and/or epigastric hernia, respectively. At our Department, between May 2010 and November 2022, 47 patients with diastasis recti were operated on with the "Slim-Mesh" technique to reinforce/repair the traumatized linea alba/recti muscles, without plicating them. This was a prospective (83%)-retrospective study.
RESULTS
We studied 23 males and 24 females. Mean age and BMI was 58 years and 29 kg/m, respectively. Groups D1, D2, and D3 comprised 6, 23 and 18 patients, respectively; groups T1, T2, H0 and H1 comprised 22, 25, 13 and 34 patients, respectively. Mean operation time for all cases was 100 minutes. Mean length of hospital stay was 2.3 days and follow-up time was 5 years. We had 6 late postoperative complications: 3 hernia recurrences and 3 trocar site hernias.
CONCLUSION
Considering the lack of agreement on the best surgery for diastasis recti abdominis repair, in our experience the "Slim-Mesh" technique is a valid, safe and easy-to-reproduce way to save, repair and reinforce linea alba/recti muscles in diastasis recti patients, including the obese population (53%).
Topics: Male; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Rectus Abdominis; Retrospective Studies; Surgical Mesh; Prospective Studies; Hernia, Abdominal; Obesity; Herniorrhaphy
PubMed: 38562947
DOI: 10.4293/JSLS.2024.00003 -
HGG Advances Jan 2024Knowledge of Ewing sarcoma (EWS) risk factors is exceedingly limited; however, multiple small, independent studies have suggested a possible connection between hernia...
Knowledge of Ewing sarcoma (EWS) risk factors is exceedingly limited; however, multiple small, independent studies have suggested a possible connection between hernia and EWS. By leveraging hernia summary statistics from the UK Biobank and a recently published genome-wide association study of EWS (733 EWS cases and 1,346 controls), we conducted a genetic investigation of the relationship of 5 hernia types (diaphragmatic, inguinal, umbilical, femoral, and ventral) and EWS. We discovered a positive causal relationship between inguinal hernia and EWS (OR 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.59, and p = 0.041) through Mendelian randomization analysis. Further analyses suggested shared pathways through three genes: HMGA2, LOX, and FBXW7. Diaphragmatic hernia showed a stronger causal relationship with EWS among all of the hernia types (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.30-3.95, p = 0.004), but no statistically significant local correlation pattern was observed. No evidence of a causal or genetic relationship was observed between EWS and the other three hernia types, including umbilical hernia, despite a previous report indicating an OR as high as 3.3. The finding of our genetic analysis provided additional support to the hypothesis that EWS and hernias may share a common origin.
Topics: Humans; Sarcoma, Ewing; Genome-Wide Association Study; Hernia, Inguinal
PubMed: 37919896
DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100254 -
BMC Medical Education Dec 2023Congenital Anomalies were responsible for 303,000 deaths in the neonatal period, according to the WHO, they are among the world's top 20 causes of morbidity and...
BACKGROUND
Congenital Anomalies were responsible for 303,000 deaths in the neonatal period, according to the WHO, they are among the world's top 20 causes of morbidity and mortality. Expensive simulators demonstrate several diseases, but few are related to congenital anomalies. This study aims to develop, validate, and evaluate low-cost simulator models (WALL-GO) of the most common abdominal wall defects, gastroschisis, and omphalocele, to enable diagnosis through an accessible tool with study value and amenable to replication.
METHODS
Market research was conducted to find materials to build low-cost models. The researchers built the model and underwent validation assessment of the selected experts who scored five or more in the adapted Fehring criteria. The experts were assessed through a 5-point Likert scale to 7 statements (S1-7). Statements were assigned values according to relevance in face and transfer validities. Concomitantly, the model was also evaluated by students from 1st to 5th year with the same instruments. Content Validity Indexes (CVIs) were considered validated between groups with concordance greater than 90%. Text feedback was also collected. Each statement was subjected to Fisher's Exact Test.
RESULTS
Gastroschisis and omphalocele model costs were US $15 and US $27, respectively. In total, there were 105 simulator evaluators. 15 experts were selected. Of the 90 students, there were 16 (1st year), 22 (2nd), 16 (3rd), 22 (4th), and 14 (5th). Students and experts obtained CVI = 96.4% and 94.6%, respectively. The CVIs of each statement were not significantly different between groups (p < 0,05).
CONCLUSIONS
The WALL-GO models are suitable for use and replicable at a manufacturable low cost. Mannequins with abdominal wall defects are helpful in learning to diagnose and can be applied in teaching and training health professionals in developing and low-income countries.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Gastroschisis; Hernia, Umbilical; Abdominal Wall; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Learning
PubMed: 38102605
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04929-3 -
Advances in Radiation Oncology Feb 2024Umbilical metastasis, known as Sister Mary Joseph's nodule (SMJN), is a manifestation of advanced malignant disease. Patients with SMJN usually require supportive care... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Umbilical metastasis, known as Sister Mary Joseph's nodule (SMJN), is a manifestation of advanced malignant disease. Patients with SMJN usually require supportive care or palliative systemic chemotherapy. However, with the increasing number of older and infirm patients, radiation therapy for SMJN is needed more frequently. Therefore, we conducted this review to provide insights into radiation treatment for this rare condition.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
We searched PubMed on October 16, 2022, and obtained 275 articles that described SMJN or metastatic tumors within or near the umbilicus, as well as 255 case reports or case series (298 patients) and 20 reviews, original articles, or other study types, 1 of which also described a case.
RESULTS
The prognosis of patients with SMJN is extremely poor. However, some patients can survive for more than 2 years. The primary organs of the umbilical metastasis are mainly in the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach, colon, and pancreas. In addition to these organs, the ovaries, uterine corpus, and breasts are the major organs affected in women. Metastasis may be divided into 4 types according to the tumor location and mechanism of the extension: within the umbilicus, not within although existing near or adjacent to the umbilicus, in the umbilical or paraumbilical hernia sac, and iatrogenic disease. Only 7 reports described patients who received radiation therapy in detail. The patients were divided into 2 groups: a relatively long course and high total dose (approximately 45 Gy) group, and a short course and low total dose group.
CONCLUSIONS
Umbilical metastasis, known as SMJN, is a rare disease and is divided into 4 types based on the location of the disease and extent mechanism. Although the prognosis of the disease is poor, some patients survive for more than 2 years. Only 7 case reports precisely described radiation therapy. Half of the patients were treated with a short course, whereas the other half were treated with relatively high doses of up to 45 Gy.
PubMed: 38405321
DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2023.101321 -
Pediatric Surgery International May 2024This retrospective study aims to describe anatomical parameters of omphaloceles and to analyze their association with anatomical, genetic, or syndromic malformations.
PURPOSE
This retrospective study aims to describe anatomical parameters of omphaloceles and to analyze their association with anatomical, genetic, or syndromic malformations.
METHODS
Cases were selected from digital records of two university centers, a certified regional registry and personal records. Patients from 1998 to 2018 with omphalocele and live birth (LB), termination of pregnancy due to fetal anomaly (TOPFA) and fetal death (FD) were included. Cases born outside Western Switzerland and/or with upper or lower coelosomy were excluded.
RESULTS
We analyzed 162 cases with the following distribution: 57 (35%) LB, 91 (56%) TOPFA and 14 (9%) FD. TOPFA was significantly more frequently performed in cases with non-isolated omphalocele, i.e., omphaloceles with associated major malformations (especially cardiovascular and genitourinary), genetic/chromosomal anomalies, or syndromes. For LB, associated anatomical malformations, genetic or chromosomal anomalies were not significantly associated with the size of the omphalocele or the liver involvement.
CONCLUSIONS
The proportion of cases resulting in TOPFA was higher among fetuses with major malformations, genetic or chromosomal anomalies. Despite the large size of this cohort, and in contrary to previous publications, the size of the omphalocele and/or liver involvement does not allow for conclusions regarding the presence or number of associated malformations, genetic or chromosomal anomalies.
Topics: Humans; Hernia, Umbilical; Retrospective Studies; Female; Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Abnormalities, Multiple; Syndrome; Male; Switzerland; Live Birth; Fetal Death; Registries
PubMed: 38780818
DOI: 10.1007/s00383-024-05717-w -
Northern Clinics of Istanbul 2023Umbilical hernia repair can be easily performed simultaneously with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The use of mesh is recommended for hernias larger than 1 cm. In this...
OBJECTIVE
Umbilical hernia repair can be easily performed simultaneously with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The use of mesh is recommended for hernias larger than 1 cm. In this study, patients with primary repair of umbilical hernia simultaneously with laparoscopic cholecystectomy were evaluated. It aimed to present the effectiveness of this method and the effect of body mass index (BMI) on treatment results.
METHODS
The records of patients who underwent primary repair of umbilical hernia simultaneously with laparoscopic cholecystectomy between 2014 and 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients' age, gender, BMI, length of hospital stay, recurrence and reoperation information, and follow-up times were analyzed. The patients were examined in three groups according to their BMI, and the effect of BMI on treatment was investigated.
RESULTS
patients were included in the study. Median values of the patients for age, BMI, hospitalization, and follow-up were 63 (28-94), 31 (20-51) kg/m, 1 (1-25) days, and 23 (0.6-76) months, respectively. Recurrence was detected in 8 patients. BMI was <25 in one patient with recurrence and >30 in 5 patients. There was no significant correlation between length of stay, number of relapse and reoperation, and BMI (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION
In our study, the recurrence rate was found to be higher than the studies reported with the use of mesh, and most of the patients with recurrence are obese, although it is not statistically significant. If the recurrence rate is acceptable, we believe that repair with primary suture is feasible in umbilical hernia.
PubMed: 37829743
DOI: 10.14744/nci.2022.02700 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2023Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare condition characterized by pulmonary hypoplasia, vascular dystrophy, and pulmonary hypertension at birth. Validation of...
INTRODUCTION
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare condition characterized by pulmonary hypoplasia, vascular dystrophy, and pulmonary hypertension at birth. Validation of the lamb model as an accurate representation of human CDH is essential to translating research findings into clinical practice and understanding disease mechanisms. This article emphasizes the importance of validating the lamb model to study CDH pathogenesis and develop innovative therapeutics.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
At 78 days of gestation, the fetal lamb's left forelimb was exposed through a midline laparotomy and hysterotomy, and a supra diaphragmatic thoracotomy was performed to allow the digestive organs to ascend into the thoracic cavity. At 138 ± 3 days of gestation, lambs were delivered via a cesarean section; then, with umbilical cord intact during 1 hour, the lambs were mechanically ventilated with gentle ventilation in a pressure-controlled mode for 2 h.
RESULTS
CDH lambs exhibited a lower left lung-to-body weight ratio of 5.3 (2.03), < 0.05, and right lung-to-body weight ratio of 8.2 (3.1), < 0.05. They reached lower Vt/kg (tidal volume per kg) during the course of the resuscitation period with 1.2 (0.7) ml/kg at 10 min and 3 (1.65) ml/kg at 60 min ( < 0.05). Compliance of the respiratory system was lower in CDH lambs with 0.5 (0.3) ml/cmHO at 60 min ( < 0.05) and 0.9 (0.26) ml/cmHO at 120 min ( < 0.05). Differences between pre- and postductal SpO were higher with 15.1% (21.4%) at 20 min and 6.7% (14.5%) at 80 min ( < 0.05). CDH lambs had lower differences between inspired and expired oxygen fractions with 4.55% (6.84%) at 20 min and 6.72% (8.57%) at 60 min ( < 0.05). CDH lamb had lower left ventricle [2.73 (0.5) g/kg, < 0.05] and lower right ventricle [0.69 (0.8), < 0.05] to left ventricle ratio.
DISCUSSION
CDH lambs had significantly lower tidal volume than control lambs due to lower compliance of the respiratory system and higher airway resistance. These respiratory changes are characteristic of CDH infants and are associated with higher mortality rates. CDH lambs also exhibited pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypoplasia, and left ventricle hypoplasia, consistent with observations in human newborns. To conclude, our lamb model successfully provides a reliable representation of CDH and can be used to study its pathophysiology and potential interventions.
PubMed: 37744447
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1236556 -
JAMA Surgery Jun 2024The prevalence of robotic-assisted anterior abdominal wall (ventral) hernia repair has increased dramatically in recent years, despite conflicting evidence of patient...
IMPORTANCE
The prevalence of robotic-assisted anterior abdominal wall (ventral) hernia repair has increased dramatically in recent years, despite conflicting evidence of patient benefit. Whether long-term hernia recurrence rates following robotic-assisted repairs are lower than rates following more established laparoscopic or open approaches remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between robotic-assisted, laparoscopic, and open approaches to ventral hernia repair and long-term operative hernia recurrence.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Secondary retrospective cohort analysis using Medicare claims data examining adults 18 years and older who underwent elective inpatient ventral, incisional, or umbilical hernia repair from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020. Data analysis was performed from January 2023 through March 2024.
EXPOSURE
Operative approach to ventral hernia repair, which included robotic-assisted, laparoscopic, and open approaches.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was operative hernia recurrence for up to 10 years after initial hernia repair. To help account for potential bias from unmeasured patient factors (eg, hernia size), an instrumental variable analysis was performed using regional variation in the adoption of robotic-assisted hernia repair over time as the instrument. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate the risk-adjusted cumulative incidence of operative recurrence up to 10 years after the initial procedure, controlling for factors such as patient age, sex, race and ethnicity, comorbidities, and hernia subtype (ventral/incisional or umbilical).
RESULTS
A total of 161 415 patients were included in the study; mean (SD) patient age was 69 (10.8) years and 67 592 patients (41.9%) were male. From 2010 to 2020, the proportion of robotic-assisted procedures increased from 2.1% (415 of 20 184) to 21.9% (1737 of 7945), while the proportion of laparoscopic procedures decreased from 23.8% (4799 of 20 184) to 11.9% (946 of 7945) and of open procedures decreased from 74.2% (14 970 of 20 184) to 66.2% (5262 of 7945). Patients undergoing robotic-assisted hernia repair had a higher 10-year risk-adjusted cumulative incidence of operative recurrence (13.43%; 95% CI, 13.36%-13.50%) compared with both laparoscopic (12.33%; 95% CI, 12.30%-12.37%; HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62-0.94) and open (12.74%; 95% CI, 12.71%-12.78%; HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97) approaches. These trends were directionally consistent regardless of surgeon procedure volume.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This study found that the rate of long-term operative recurrence was higher for patients undergoing robotic-assisted ventral hernia repair compared with laparoscopic and open approaches. This suggests that narrowing clinical applications and evaluating the specific advantages and disadvantages of each approach may improve patient outcomes following ventral hernia repairs.
PubMed: 38865153
DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2024.1696