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BMC Ophthalmology Aug 2023To explore differential metabolites in the aqueous humor of patients with different axial lengths and their correlations with axial length and choroidal parameters.
BACKGROUND
To explore differential metabolites in the aqueous humor of patients with different axial lengths and their correlations with axial length and choroidal parameters.
METHODS
In this study, we included 12 patients with axial lengths less than 24 mm, 11 patients with axial lengths between 24 and 26 mm, and 11 patients with axial lengths greater than 26 mm. We collected their aqueous humor samples during cataract surgery for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic analysis. Simultaneously, we collected relevant clinical parameters such as axial length, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and choroidal vascular index. Correlations between clinical data, differential metabolites, and clinical indicators were analyzed. In addition, we plotted receiver operating characteristic curves.
RESULTS
The results showed that axial length was significantly negatively correlated with choroidal thickness (r=-0.7446, P < 0.0001), and that several differential metabolites were significantly correlated with certain clinical parameters. After analyzing receiver operating characteristic curves, 5-methoxytryptophol and cerulenin were found to have excellent discriminative power, demonstrating their potential as biomarkers. In the enrichment analysis, we found that the differential metabolites among each group were involved in several special pathways (Taurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism, Vitamin B6 Metabolism, Pantothenate, and coenzyme A Biosynthesis), suggesting that abnormalities in these metabolic pathways may play a role in the process of axial myopia.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study identified alterations in certain metabolic pathways in different axial lengths. At the same time, we found several metabolites with significant correlation with clinical indicators, among which 5-methoxytryptophol and cerulenin were associated with axial myopia.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
Registration date:11/04/2022.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ChiCTR2200058575.
TRIAL REGISTRY
The First Affiliated Hospital of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine.
Topics: Humans; Aqueous Humor; Cerulenin; Myopia; Metabolomics; Choroid; Axial Length, Eye; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 37582698
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03101-1 -
Ophthalmology. Retina Sep 2023To review eyes with peripapillary and macular retinoschisis without a visible optic pit or advanced glaucomatous optic atrophy, or No Optic Pit Retinoschisis (NOPIR).
PURPOSE
To review eyes with peripapillary and macular retinoschisis without a visible optic pit or advanced glaucomatous optic atrophy, or No Optic Pit Retinoschisis (NOPIR).
DESIGN
Retrospective multicenter case series.
SUBJECTS
The study included 11 eyes of 11 patients.
METHODS
Retrospective study of eyes with macular retinoschisis without a visible optic pit, advanced optic nerve head cupping, or macular leakage on fluorescein angiography.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Visual acuity (VA), retinoschisis resolution, months to resolution, and recurrence of retinoschisis RESULTS: The mean age was 68.1 ± 17.6 years, mean intraocular pressure was 17.4 ± 3.8 mmHg, and the mean spherical equivalent refractive error was -3.1 ± 2.9 diopters. No subject had pathologic myopia. Seven subjects were treated for glaucoma, and 9 subjects had nerve fiber layer defects on OCT. All eyes had retinoschisis in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) in the nasal macula and extending to the edge of the optic disc, and 8 subjects had fovea-involving retinoschisis. Three nonfoveal and 4 fovea-involved eyes were observed, and 4 fovea-involved eyes with vision loss underwent surgery. Surgery involved preoperative juxtapapillary laser followed by vitrectomy and membrane and internal limiting membrane peeling with intraocular gas and face-down position. The mean baseline VA was significantly worse in the surgery group than that in the observation group (P = 0.020). Retinoschisis resolved and vision improved in all surgical cases. The mean resolution time for the surgery group was 2.75 ± 0.96 months, which was shorter than that for the observation group (28.0 ± 21.2 months; P = 0.014). No eye developed recurrence of the retinoschisis after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
Peripapillary and macular retinoschisis can develop in eyes without a visible optic pit or advanced glaucomatous cupping. Eyes without foveal involvement and those with foveal involvement but only mild decrease in vision can be observed for spontaneous resolution. If there is persistent foveal involvement with vision loss, surgery can improve vision by resolving the macular retinoschisis. Surgery for fovea-involved macular retinoschisis without a visible optic pit resulted in faster anatomic resolution and better vision recovery.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S)
Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
Topics: Humans; Retinoschisis; Optic Disk; Macular Degeneration; Glaucoma; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Retrospective Studies; Visual Acuity; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Macular Edema; Fluorescein Angiography; Vitrectomy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37271192
DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2023.05.020 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Feb 2024The complex anatomy and physiological barriers of the eye make delivering ocular therapeutics challenging. Generally, effective drug delivery to the eye is hindered by... (Review)
Review
The complex anatomy and physiological barriers of the eye make delivering ocular therapeutics challenging. Generally, effective drug delivery to the eye is hindered by rapid clearance and limited drug bioavailability. Biomaterial-based approaches have emerged to enhance drug delivery to ocular tissues and overcome existing limitations. In this review, some of the most promising long-acting injectables (LAIs) in ocular drug delivery are explored, focusing on novel design strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes. LAIs are designed to enable sustained therapeutic effects, thereby extending local drug residence time and facilitating controlled and targeted drug delivery. Moreover, LAIs can be engineered to enhance drug targeting and penetration across ocular physiological barriers.
Topics: Eye; Drug Delivery Systems; Injections; Ocular Physiological Phenomena; Biological Availability
PubMed: 38018313
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306463 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Feb 2024High myopia is often associated with local ectasia and scleral thinning. The progression of myopia depends upon scleral biochemical and biomechanical properties. Scleral...
High myopia is often associated with local ectasia and scleral thinning. The progression of myopia depends upon scleral biochemical and biomechanical properties. Scleral thinning is associated with decreased collagen fiber diameter, defective collagen fibrillogenesis, and collagen cross-linking. Reversing these abnormalities may make the sclera tougher and might serve as a treatment option for myopic progression. Collagen cross-linking is a natural process in the cornea and sclera, which makes the structure stiff. Exogenous collagen cross-linkage is artificially induced with the help of external mediators by using light and dark methods. In this systematic review, we discussed existing literature available on the internet on current evidence-based applications of scleral collagen cross-linking (SXL) by using different interventions. In addition, we compared them in tabular form in terms of their technique, mechanisms, cytotoxicity, and the stage of transition from preclinical to clinical development. Furthermore, we discussed the in-vivo technique to evaluate the post-SXL scleral biomechanical property and outcome in the human eye.
Topics: Humans; Collagen; Cornea; Cross-Linking Reagents; Myopia, Degenerative; Sclera
PubMed: 38153964
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_1392_23 -
Eye (London, England) Feb 2024To characterize choroidal vascular changes in children with different refractive status.
OBJECTIVES
To characterize choroidal vascular changes in children with different refractive status.
METHODS
A study including 5864 children aged 6-9 years was performed to investigate the choroidal vascular index (CVI) in myopic, emmetropic and hyperopic eyes. Each participant had a comprehensive ocular examination with cycloplegic autorefraction performed, axial length (AL) measured and Swept Source-Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) scans acquired. Choroidal thickness (ChT) was measured by built-in software, and CVI was calculated using a previously validated self-developed algorithm.
RESULTS
The mean ChT and CVI were 275.88 ± 53.34 μm and 34.91 ± 3.83 in the macula region, and 191.96 ± 46.28 μm and 32.35 ± 4.21 in the peripapillary region. CVI was significantly lowest for myopes, followed by emmetropes and hyperopes (P < 0.001). CVI varied between different sectors separated by the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid (P < 0.001). Macular CVI decreased horizontally from nasal to temporal quadrant with lowest in center fovea, and vertically from superior to inferior quadrants. Peripapillary CVI was highest in the nasal and lowest in the inferior sector. Multiple regression showed that spherical equivalent (SE), AL, intraocular pressure (IOP), ChT, age, and gender were significantly related to CVI (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
In children, the distribution of CVI in the posterior pole is not uniform. A decreased CVI was observed from hyperopia to myopia and was associated with decreased SE, elongated AL, and choroidal thinning. Further study of changes in CVI during myopia onset and progression is required to better understand the role of the choroidal vasculature in myopia development.
Topics: Child; Humans; Fovea Centralis; Refraction, Ocular; Macula Lutea; Myopia; Hyperopia; Choroid; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 37770533
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02743-1 -
PloS One 2024To compared the vessel density (VD) around the optic nerve head (ONH) in eyes with cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) and healthy control eyes in a sector-wise manner and to...
PURPOSE
To compared the vessel density (VD) around the optic nerve head (ONH) in eyes with cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) and healthy control eyes in a sector-wise manner and to investigate the relationship between VD around the ONH and visual function in CORD eyes.
METHODS
Twenty-six eyes in 14 CORD patients and 25 eyes in 25 healthy control subjects were examined. Using OCT angiography images, the VDs in the superficial and deep capillary plexus at the macula (sVDm and dVDm) and those around the ONH in the superior, temporal, inferior and nasal region (VDnh_s, VDnh_t, VDnh_i, and VDnh_n, respectively) were measured for each eye. Patient age, visual acuity (VA) and VDs were then compared between two groups. Moreover, the relationships between VA and the VDs were analyzed using a linear mixed model and AICc model selection.
RESULTS
No significant difference in age was seen between the CORD and control groups (p = 0.87, Wilcoxon rank sum test), but the VA was significantly lower in the CORD group (p<0.0001). Both sVDm and dVDm were significantly lower in the CORD eyes than in the control eyes (both p<0.0001). Among VDnh_s, VDnh_t, VDnh_i, and VDnh_n, however, only VDnh_t differed significantly between the CORD and control groups (p = 0.035). Among age, VDnh_t, dVDm, and sVDm, the optimal model for VA included only VDnh_t and dVDm.
CONCLUSIONS
In addition to the VD in the deep capillary plexus at the macula, the measurement of temporal VD around the ONH might be useful for predicting visual function in eyes with CORD.
Topics: Humans; Fluorescein Angiography; Retinal Vessels; Cone-Rod Dystrophies; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Optic Disk
PubMed: 38285672
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296167 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Jul 2023Many in vitro models used to investigate tissue function and cell biology require a flow of media to provide adequate oxygenation and optimal cell conditions required...
Many in vitro models used to investigate tissue function and cell biology require a flow of media to provide adequate oxygenation and optimal cell conditions required for the maintenance of function and viability. Toward this end, we have developed a multi-channel flow culture system to maintain tissue and cells in culture and continuously assess function and viability by either in-line sensors and/or collection of outflow fractions. The system combines 8-channel, continuous optical sensing of oxygen consumption rate with a built-in fraction collector to simultaneously measure production rates of metabolites and hormone secretion. Although it is able to maintain and assess a wide range of tissue and cell models, including islets, muscle, and hypothalamus, here we describe its operating principles and the experimental preparations/protocols that we have used to investigate bioenergetic regulation of isolated mouse retina, mouse retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid-sclera, and cultured human RPE cells. Innovations in the design of the system, such as pumpless fluid flow, have produced a greatly simplified operation of a multi-channel flow system. Videos and images are shown that illustrate how to assemble, prepare the instrument for an experiment, and load the different tissue/cell models into the perifusion chambers. In addition, guidelines for selecting conditions for protocol- and tissue-specific experiments are delineated and discussed, including setting the correct flow rate to tissue ratio to obtain consistent and stable culture conditions and accurate determinations of consumption and production rates. The combination of optimal tissue maintenance and real-time assessment of multiple parameters yields highly informative data sets that will have great utility for research in the physiology of the eye and drug discovery for the treatment of impaired vision.
Topics: Mice; Humans; Animals; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Cells, Cultured; Choroid; Sclera; Biological Transport
PubMed: 37522735
DOI: 10.3791/65399 -
BMC Medical Imaging Nov 2023To evaluate the repeatability and agreement of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (AOCT-1000 M and RTVue XR) and partial coherence interferometry biometer (IOL...
Repeatability and agreement of AOCT-1000 M, RTVue XR and IOL master 500 in measuring corneal thickness mapping and axial length applying principle of optical coherence tomography.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the repeatability and agreement of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (AOCT-1000 M and RTVue XR) and partial coherence interferometry biometer (IOL Master 500) in measuring corneal thickness mapping and axial length respectively.
METHODS
Corneal thickness was measured by AOCT-1000 M and RTVue XR. Axial lengths were measured by AOCT-1000 M and IOL Master 500. The repeatability and agreement of corneal thickness and axial length were calculated in two groups of devices. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to verify the repeatability of the device. The 95% confidence interval of the difference compared to the set cut-off value was used to verify the agreement between the two devices.
RESULTS
A total of 60 subjects with 58 eyes were included. The central corneal thickness measured by AOCT-1000 M and RTVue XR were 504.46 ± 42.53 μm and 504.43 ± 42.89 μm respectively. The average difference between groups was 0.03 ± 4.58 μm, and the 95% confidence interval was (-1.17, 1.24), which was far less than the set threshold value of 15 μm (P < 0.001). Both RTVue XR and AOCT-1000 M had very good ICC values of central corneal thickness (0.998 and 0.994, respectively). The average axial lengths measured by AOCT-1000 M and IOL Master 500 were 24.28 ± 1.25 mm and 24.29 ± 1.26 mm respectively and the 95% confidence interval was (-0.02, 0.01), which was less than the set threshold value of 0.15 mm (P < 0.001). The ICC for both devices were 1.000.
CONCLUSION
Good repeatability and agreement were seen in measurements of central corneal thickness and axial length by AOCT-1000 M.
Topics: Humans; Cornea; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 37990166
DOI: 10.1186/s12880-023-01147-7 -
Ophthalmic Research 2024Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) can mimic glaucoma and consequently cause difficulties in differential diagnosis. The purpose of this paper was to summarize... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) can mimic glaucoma and consequently cause difficulties in differential diagnosis. The purpose of this paper was to summarize differences in diagnostic tests that can help perform a correct diagnosis.
METHODS
The search strategy was performed according to the PRISMA 2009 guidelines, and four databases were used: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Totally, 772 references were eligible; 39 were included after screening with respect to inclusion criteria that included English language and published in the 20 years before search date.
RESULTS
Ninety percent (n = 35) of included studies used optical coherence tomography (OCT). Glaucomatous eyes had a significantly greater cup area, volume and depth, cup-to-disk ratio, a lower rim volume and area, and a thinner Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in glaucomatous eyes occurred primarily at the superotemporal, inferotemporal, and inferonasal sectors, while AION eyes demonstrated mostly superonasal thinning. Glaucoma eyes showed greater macular ganglion cell layer thickness, except at the inferotemporal sector. OCT angiography measurements demonstrated a significant decrease in superficial and deep macular vessel density (VD) in glaucoma compared to AION with similar degree of visual field damage; the parapapillary choroidal VD was spared in AION eyes compared to glaucomatous eyes.
CONCLUSION
By use of OCT imaging, optic nerve head parameters seem most informative to distinguish between glaucoma and AION. Although both diseases affect the RNFL thickness, it seems to do so in different sectors. Differences in structure and vascularity of the macula can also help in making the differential diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic; Diagnosis, Differential; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Nerve Fibers; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Optic Disk; Glaucoma; Visual Fields; Intraocular Pressure
PubMed: 38262372
DOI: 10.1159/000535568 -
Graefe's Archive For Clinical and... Jun 2024To analyze torpedo maculopathy (TM) and to report the characteristics of the disease.
PURPOSE
To analyze torpedo maculopathy (TM) and to report the characteristics of the disease.
METHODS
Retrospective study. The review of a database for clinical diagnosis identified eight patients with TM lesions in the retina between 2016 and 2022. Multimodal imaging was used to analyze the cases.
RESULTS
All cases were unilateral, asymptomatic, and hypopigmented. They were associated by surrounding hyperpigmented retinal pigment epithelium changes to varying degrees. All lesions were located in the temporal retina on the horizontal axis, pointing towards the fovea, except for one patient with a lesion inferior to the fovea. Optical coherence tomography imaging revealed a normal inner retina in all eyes. In the area of the TM lesion, attenuation of the interdigitation zone was seen in mild cases (three cases). All other five patients had thinning of the outer nuclear layer and loss of ellipsoid zone and interdigitation zone of the TM lesion. Four of these cases had a subretinal cavitation/cleft, and two of them additionally an inner choroidal excavation. No patient had any sign of choroidal neovascularization. The average age for patients with type 1 TM was 18 years and for type 2 TM 16.5 years.
CONCLUSION
In this large case series, we could not detect an age difference between the different types of the TM. Contrary to previous discussions, type 2 TM can also occur in young patients.
Topics: Humans; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; Adolescent; Fluorescein Angiography; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Visual Acuity; Adult; Young Adult; Child; Fundus Oculi; Retinal Diseases; Macula Lutea; Multimodal Imaging; Follow-Up Studies
PubMed: 38289371
DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06386-0