-
F1000Research 2023Introduction Orbital lipoma is an extremely rare tumor, representing less than 1% of all orbital tumors. We review the literature and describe the presentation, the...
Introduction Orbital lipoma is an extremely rare tumor, representing less than 1% of all orbital tumors. We review the literature and describe the presentation, the differential diagnosis and the management of this tumor. Case report We report the case of a 63-year-old patient who was referred for a diplopia with recent hemi-cranial headache. Physical examination showed no exophthalmos nor decrease in visual acuity. The patient complained of diplopia on elevation and oculomotricity examination showed limited elevation of the right eye. The Hess Lancaster test was in favor of a limited course of the right inferior rectus muscle. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a fusiform tissue process in the right inferior rectus muscle with a fatty signal. A complete excision of the tumor was performed by a trasncunjonctival approach. Cytopathological examination was consistent with a pleomorphic lipoma. The postoperative period was uneventful. The definitive histopathologic diagnosis was a lipoma. The postoperative Magnetic resonance imaging showed the complete disappearance of the lesion. With 3 years of follow up, there is no sign of recurrence or ocular motility trouble. Lipomas are rare tumors in the orbit. The clinic is variable depending on the size and the site. The clinical diagnosis is difficult to make. Only histology allows the final diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Orbital Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Lipoma; Male
PubMed: 38726301
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.130056.2 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Sep 2023The purpose of this study was to assess the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of patients who underwent orbital exenteration for periorbital,...
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study was to assess the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of patients who underwent orbital exenteration for periorbital, conjunctival, and primary intraorbital carcinomas. Additionally, we assessed the outcomes of anterior retrograde temporalis muscle flap restoration.
METHODS
For all patients who had orbital exenteration in the previous five years, a non-comparative retrospective assessment of their medical records, histology, and radiographic imaging was carried out. We investigated the relationships between the various qualitative factors using Cramer's V Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis. For each of the patient's categorical factors that were of relevance, estimates of the survival distribution were displayed, and log-rank tests were used to determine whether the survival distributions were equal.
RESULTS
This study looks at 19 participants. The sample is made up of 13 men (68%) and 6 women (32%). The degree of relationship (Cramer's V index) between lymph node metastases (N) and the existence of distant metastases (M) is high, at 64%, and is statistically significant because the -value is 0.0034 < 0.005. Lymph node metastases had a statistically significant impact on overall survival ( = 0.04 < 0.05). Thirteen of the nineteen patients tested had no palsy (68%). There was no one presenting a CSF leak.
CONCLUSION
Our findings show how crucial it is to identify any lymph node involvement that orbital neoplasms may have. In patients who have received many treatments, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) may be used to determine the stage and spread of the cancer. To determine whether additional tumor characteristics may be explored, more expertise in the SLNB field for patients with orbital cancer who have received many treatments may be helpful. To prevent additional scarring and to be comparable to previous techniques for facial nerve lesions, the anterior retrograde approach and the transorbital procedure for temporal muscle flap in-setting are both effective methods.
PubMed: 37834824
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196180 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Dec 2023BACKGROUND Although screening for uterine cervical cancer (UCC) and vaccination programs for human papilloma virus (HPV) have been implemented in many countries, women...
BACKGROUND Although screening for uterine cervical cancer (UCC) and vaccination programs for human papilloma virus (HPV) have been implemented in many countries, women >65 years may not have access to or comply with cervical cancer screening. Women >65 years may present with advanced-stage cervical carcinoma with a poor outcome. Metastatic UCC is often diagnosed, and there are 2 types of metastases related to different treatments and survival rate: hematogenous metastasis and lymphatic metastasis. Hematogenous metastasis is relatively unusual, and it most commonly involves lung and bone locations. Orbital metastasis is an extremely rare hematogenous metastasis in patients with UCC. CASE REPORT A 70-year-old woman receiving dialysis presented to a local hospital due to general fatigue for 5 months. She was diagnosed with locally advanced UCC and underwent radiation therapy (RT). Twenty days after RT, skin masses appeared, and 34 days after RT, right exophthalmos induced by an orbital mass appeared. We diagnosed skin and orbital masses as metastases from UCC, and performed RT to the orbital tumor. The tumor shrank and the visual symptoms disappeared. Regrettably, the patient died of cancer 7 months after the orbital RT; however, no eye symptoms recurred until her death. CONCLUSIONS This report describes a rare presentation of UCC with metastasis to the orbit, and highlights that cervical cancer may still present at an advanced stage, particularly in older women. In this case, RT to the orbital metastasis from UCC was effective and contributed to the patient's quality of life.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Early Detection of Cancer; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Orbital Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Renal Dialysis; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis
PubMed: 38096131
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.941076 -
Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology... 2024
Topics: Humans; Orbital Neoplasms; Eye Neoplasms
PubMed: 38621648
DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100059 -
Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) Mar 2024F-box only protein 38 (FBXO38) is a member of the F-box family that mediates the ubiquitination and proteasome degradation of programmed death 1 (PD-1), and thus has...
F-box only protein 38 (FBXO38) is a member of the F-box family that mediates the ubiquitination and proteasome degradation of programmed death 1 (PD-1), and thus has important effects on T cell-related immunity. While its powerful role in adaptive immunity has attracted much attention, its regulatory roles in innate immune pathways remain unknown. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway is an important innate immune pathway that regulates type I interferons. STING protein is the core component of this pathway. In this study, we identified that FBXO38 deficiency enhanced tumor proliferation and reduced tumor CD8 T cells infiltration. Loss of FBXO38 resulted in reduced STING protein levels in vitro and in vivo, further leading to preventing cGAS-STING pathway activation, and decreased downstream product IFNA1 and CCL5. The mechanism of reduced STING protein was associated with lysosome-mediated degradation rather than proteasomal function. Our results demonstrate a critical role for FBXO38 in the cGAS-STING pathway.
Topics: Humans; Signal Transduction; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Nucleotidyltransferases; Neoplasms; Lysosomes; Immunity, Innate
PubMed: 38277817
DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.100973 -
Cancer Medicine Jul 2023Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) is a malignancy with fatal risk, high recurrence rate, and pagetoid spread. Thus, recurrence risk prediction and prompt treatment...
PURPOSE
Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) is a malignancy with fatal risk, high recurrence rate, and pagetoid spread. Thus, recurrence risk prediction and prompt treatment are extremely important. This study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict SGC recurrence based on potential risk factors.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective study to train and test a nomogram based on the clinical data of 391 patients across our hospital (304) and other grass-roots hospitals (87). After Cox regression, predictors included in the nomogram were selected, and sensitivity, specificity, concordance index (C-index), etc., were calculated to test their discrimination ability.
RESULTS
After a median follow-up period of 4.12 years, SGC recurred in 52 (17.11%) patients. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were 88.3%, 85.4%, and 81.6%, respectively. We examined five risk factors, such as lymph node metastasis at initial diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.260; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.021-5.007), Ki67 (HR, 1.036; 95% CI, 1.020-1.052), histology differentiation degree (HR, 2.274; 95% CI, 1.063-4.865), conjunctival pagetoid infiltration (HR, 2.100; 95% CI, 1.0058-4.167), and orbital involvement (HR, 4.764; 95% CI, 1.436-15.803). The model had good discrimination in both internal and external test sets. The model had good discrimination in both internal and external test sets. The sensitivity of the internal test and external test set were 0.722 and 0.806, respectively, and specificity of the internal test and external test set were 0.886 and 0.893, respectively.
CONCLUSION
We examined the potential risk factors for eyelid SGC recurrence and constructed a nomogram, which complements the TNM system in terms of prediction, indicating that our nomogram has the potential to reach clinical significance. This nomogram has the potential to assist healthcare practitioners in promptly detecting patients who are at an elevated risk and in tailoring clinical interventions to meet their individualized needs.
Topics: Humans; Nomograms; Retrospective Studies; Sebaceous Glands; Eyelid Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Carcinoma; Eyelids
PubMed: 37387455
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6126 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Nov 2023We report visual outcomes and ocular complications in patients with lacrimal gland carcinoma who had eye-sparing surgery followed by radiotherapy. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
We report visual outcomes and ocular complications in patients with lacrimal gland carcinoma who had eye-sparing surgery followed by radiotherapy.
METHODS
This review included consecutive patients with lacrimal gland carcinoma who underwent eye-sparing surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation therapy between 2007 and 2018. Clinical data, including details of ophthalmological examinations and radiation treatment were reviewed.
RESULTS
The study included 23 patients, 15 males and 8 females, with median age 51 years. Twenty patients (87%) received intensity-modulated proton therapy; 3 (13%) received intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Nineteen patients (83%) received concurrent chemotherapy. After a median follow-up time of 37 months (range: 8-83), 13 patients (57%) had best-corrected visual acuity 20/40 or better, 3 (13%) had moderate vision loss (between 20/40 and 20/200) and 7 (30%) had severe vision loss (20/200 or worse). The most common ocular complications were dry eye disease (21 patients; 91%), radiation retinopathy (16; 70%) and cataract progression (11; 49%). Tumour crossing the orbital midline (p=0.014) and Hispanic ethnicity (p=0.014) were associated with increased risk of severe vision loss. The risk of radiation retinopathy was significantly different among the three racial groups; Hispanic patients (n=3) had the highest rate of retinopathy (p<0.001). Tumour size, initial T category and total prescribed radiation dose were not significantly associated with severe vision loss.
CONCLUSION
Eye-sparing surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with lacrimal gland carcinoma has a reasonable overall visual prognosis. Patients with tumours crossing the orbital midline and Hispanic patients have a higher risk of severe vision loss.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Lacrimal Apparatus; Eye Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Dry Eye Syndromes; Retinal Diseases; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36229179
DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321889 -
Science Advances Nov 2023Choroidal melanoma, a common intraocular malignant tumor, relies on local radiotherapy and enucleation for treatment. However, cancer recurrence and visual impairment...
Choroidal melanoma, a common intraocular malignant tumor, relies on local radiotherapy and enucleation for treatment. However, cancer recurrence and visual impairment remain important challenges. Here, a therapeutic artificial vitreous body (AVB) hydrogel based on tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol) was developed to control the recurrence of choroidal melanoma and preserve vision after vitrectomy. AVB loaded with melphalan (Mel) and anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 (αPDL1), was injected after surgical resection in the choroidal melanoma mouse model. Afterwards, the sequentially released Mel and αPDL1 from AVB could achieve a synergistic antitumor effect to inhibit tumor recurrence. AVB with similar physical properties to native vitreous body could maintain the normal structure and visual function of eye after vitrectomy, which has been evidenced by standard examinations of ophthalmology in the mouse model. Thus, the immunotherapeutic AVB may be a promising candidate as an infill biomaterial to assist surgical treatment of intraocular malignant tumors.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Vitreous Body; Vitrectomy; Hydrogels; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Melanoma; Choroid Neoplasms; Melphalan; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 37910617
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1582 -
Experimental Hematology & Oncology Apr 2024Adoptive immunotherapy in the T cell landscape exhibits efficacy in cancer treatment. Over the past few decades, genetically modified T cells, particularly chimeric... (Review)
Review
Adoptive immunotherapy in the T cell landscape exhibits efficacy in cancer treatment. Over the past few decades, genetically modified T cells, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T cells, have enabled remarkable strides in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Besides, extensive exploration of multiple antigens for the treatment of solid tumors has led to clinical interest in the potential of T cells expressing the engineered T cell receptor (TCR). TCR-T cells possess the capacity to recognize intracellular antigen families and maintain the intrinsic properties of TCRs in terms of affinity to target epitopes and signal transduction. Recent research has provided critical insight into their capability and therapeutic targets for multiple refractory solid tumors, but also exposes some challenges for durable efficacy. In this review, we describe the screening and identification of available tumor antigens, and the acquisition and optimization of TCRs for TCR-T cell therapy. Furthermore, we summarize the complete flow from laboratory to clinical applications of TCR-T cells. Last, we emerge future prospects for improving therapeutic efficacy in cancer world with combination therapies or TCR-T derived products. In conclusion, this review depicts our current understanding of TCR-T cell therapy in solid neoplasms, and provides new perspectives for expanding its clinical applications and improving therapeutic efficacy.
PubMed: 38570883
DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00504-8 -
BMC Cancer Mar 2024Management guidelines and corresponding survival data for patients with recurrent retinoblastoma (RB) are lacking. This study aimed to summarize the clinical...
BACKGROUND
Management guidelines and corresponding survival data for patients with recurrent retinoblastoma (RB) are lacking. This study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with recurrent RB and analyze their survival outcomes.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed 68 patients with recurrent RB who underwent treatment in our institution from January 2016 to December 2020. Patients were grouped according to location of recurrence: intraocular, orbital, and distant metastasis.
RESULTS
The male:female ratio was 1.3:1 and the median age at recurrence was 37.5 months (range, 30.3-62.8). The number of patients in the intraocular recurrence, orbital recurrence, and metastasis groups was 13 (19.1%), 23 (33.8%), and 32 (47.1%), respectively. Thirty patients died, 36 were alive at last follow-up, and two were lost to follow-up. Eye enucleation was performed in 94.1% of patients. Five-year overall survival in patients with intraocular recurrence, orbital recurrence, and metastasis was 84.6%, 69.6%, and 31.3%, respectively (P = 0.001). Most deaths occurred within 2 years of recurrence. Presence of high-risk pathological factors, central nervous system invasion, and absence of combination therapy were independent predictors of worse 5-year overall survival.
CONCLUSION
The rate of eye preservation in survivors of recurrent RB was very low. Although 5-year overall survival in patients who underwent treatment for intraocular and orbital recurrence was high, it was low in those with metastasis. RB patients may need lifelong follow-up for recurrence and secondary malignancy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Child, Preschool; Retinoblastoma; Retrospective Studies; Survival Analysis; Central Nervous System; Retinal Neoplasms
PubMed: 38438837
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12058-3