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Nature Communications Apr 2024In artificial nervous systems, conductivity changes indicate synaptic weight updates, but they provide limited information compared to living organisms. We present the...
In artificial nervous systems, conductivity changes indicate synaptic weight updates, but they provide limited information compared to living organisms. We present the pioneering design and production of an electrochromic neuromorphic transistor employing color updates to represent synaptic weight for in-sensor computing. Here, we engineer a specialized mechanism for adaptively regulating ion doping through an ion-exchange membrane, enabling precise control over color-coded synaptic weight, an unprecedented achievement. The electrochromic neuromorphic transistor not only enhances electrochromatic capabilities for hardware coding but also establishes a visualized pattern-recognition network. Integrating the electrochromic neuromorphic transistor with an artificial whisker, we simulate a bionic reflex system inspired by the longicorn beetle, achieving real-time visualization of signal flow within the reflex arc in response to environmental stimuli. This research holds promise in extending the biomimetic coding paradigm and advancing the development of bio-hybrid interfaces, particularly in incorporating color-based expressions.
Topics: Animals; Coleoptera; Transistors, Electronic; Biomimetics; Neural Networks, Computer; Color; Vibrissae; Bionics; Synapses
PubMed: 38658551
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47630-9 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Insects harbor diverse assemblages of bacterial and fungal symbionts, which play crucial roles in host life history. Insects and their various symbionts represent a good... (Review)
Review
Insects harbor diverse assemblages of bacterial and fungal symbionts, which play crucial roles in host life history. Insects and their various symbionts represent a good model for studying host-microbe interactions. Phylosymbiosis is used to describe an eco-evolutionary pattern, providing a new cross-system trend in the research of host-associated microbiota. The phylosymbiosis pattern is characterized by a significant positive correlation between the host phylogeny and microbial community dissimilarities. Although host-symbiont interactions have been demonstrated in many insect groups, our knowledge of the prevalence and mechanisms of phylosymbiosis in insects is still limited. Here, we provide an order-by-order summary of the phylosymbiosis patterns in insects, including Blattodea, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera. Then, we highlight the potential contributions of stochastic effects, evolutionary processes, and ecological filtering in shaping phylosymbiotic microbiota. Phylosymbiosis in insects can arise from a combination of stochastic and deterministic mechanisms, such as the dispersal limitations of microbes, codiversification between symbionts and hosts, and the filtering of phylogenetically conserved host traits (incl., host immune system, diet, and physiological characteristics).
Topics: Animals; Symbiosis; Biological Evolution; Phylogeny; Insecta; Microbiota
PubMed: 37958817
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115836 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023
PubMed: 37564291
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1252736 -
Nature Medicine Jan 2024BRAF genomic alterations are the most common oncogenic drivers in pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG). Arm 1 (n = 77) of the ongoing phase 2 FIREFLY-1 (PNOC026) trial...
BRAF genomic alterations are the most common oncogenic drivers in pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG). Arm 1 (n = 77) of the ongoing phase 2 FIREFLY-1 (PNOC026) trial investigated the efficacy of the oral, selective, central nervous system-penetrant, type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib (420 mg m once weekly; 600 mg maximum) in patients with BRAF-altered, relapsed/refractory pLGG. Arm 2 (n = 60) is an extension cohort, which provided treatment access for patients with RAF-altered pLGG after arm 1 closure. Based on independent review, according to Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology High-Grade Glioma (RANO-HGG) criteria, the overall response rate (ORR) of 67% met the arm 1 prespecified primary endpoint; median duration of response (DOR) was 16.6 months; and median time to response (TTR) was 3.0 months (secondary endpoints). Other select arm 1 secondary endpoints included ORR, DOR and TTR as assessed by Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Low-Grade Glioma (RAPNO) criteria and safety (assessed in all treated patients and the primary endpoint for arm 2, n = 137). The ORR according to RAPNO criteria (including minor responses) was 51%; median DOR was 13.8 months; and median TTR was 5.3 months. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were hair color changes (76%), elevated creatine phosphokinase (56%) and anemia (49%). Grade ≥3 TRAEs occurred in 42% of patients. Nine (7%) patients had TRAEs leading to discontinuation of tovorafenib. These data indicate that tovorafenib could be an effective therapy for BRAF-altered, relapsed/refractory pLGG. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04775485 .
Topics: Humans; Child; Animals; Fireflies; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Glioma
PubMed: 37978284
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02668-y -
Journal of Comparative Physiology. A,... Mar 2024Plants and herbivorous insects as well as their natural enemies, such as predatory and parasitoid insects, are united by intricate relationships. During the long period... (Review)
Review
Plants and herbivorous insects as well as their natural enemies, such as predatory and parasitoid insects, are united by intricate relationships. During the long period of co-evolution with insects, plants developed a wide diversity of features to defence against herbivores and to attract pollinators and herbivores' natural enemies. The chemical basis of insect-plant interactions is established and many examples are studied, where feeding and oviposition site selection of phytophagous insects are dependent on the plant's secondary chemistry. However, often overlooked mechanical interactions between insects and plants can be rather crucial. In the context of mechanoecology, the evolution of plant surfaces and insect adhesive pads is an interesting example of competition between insect attachment systems and plant anti-attachment surfaces. The present review is focused on mechanical insect-plant interactions of some important pest species, such as the polyphagous Southern Green Stinkbug Nezara viridula and two frugivorous pest species, the polyphagous Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata and the monophagous olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae. Their ability to attach to plant surfaces characterised by different features such as waxes and trichomes is discussed. Some attention is paid also to Coccinellidae, whose interaction with plant leaf surfaces is substantial across all developmental stages in both phytophagous and predatory species that feed on herbivorous insects. Finally, the role of different kinds of anti-adhesive nanomaterials is discussed. They can reduce the attachment ability of insect pests to natural and artificial surfaces, potentially representing environmental friendly alternative methods to reduce insect pest impact in agriculture.
Topics: Female; Animals; Insecta; Coleoptera
PubMed: 38480551
DOI: 10.1007/s00359-024-01698-2 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024The Japanese pine sawyer serves as the primary vector for pine wilt disease, a devastating pine disease that poses a significant threat to the sustainable development...
The Japanese pine sawyer serves as the primary vector for pine wilt disease, a devastating pine disease that poses a significant threat to the sustainable development of forestry in the Eurasian region. Currently, trap devices based on informational compounds have played a crucial role in monitoring and controlling the population. However, the specific proteins within involved in recognizing the aforementioned informational compounds remain largely unclear. To elucidate the spatiotemporal distribution of chemosensory-related genes, this study conducted neural transcriptome analyses to investigate gene expression patterns in different body parts during the feeding and mating stages of both male and female beetles. The results revealed that 15 genes in the gustatory receptor (GR) gene family exhibited high expression in the mouthparts, most genes in the odorant binding protein (OBP) gene family exhibited high expression across all body parts, 22 genes in the odorant receptor (OR) gene family exhibited high expression in the antennae, a significant number of genes in the chemosensory protein (CSP) and sensory neuron membrane protein (SNMP) gene families exhibited high expression in both the mouthparts and antennae, and 30 genes in the ionotropic receptors (IR) gene family were expressed in the antennae. Through co-expression analyses, it was observed that 34 genes in the IR gene family were co-expressed across the four developmental stages. The Antenna IR subfamily and IR8a/Ir25a subfamily exhibited relatively high expression levels in the antennae, while the Kainate subfamily, NMDA subfamily, and Divergent subfamily exhibited predominantly high expression in the facial region. is expressed only during the feeding stage of , the gene exhibits specific expression in male beetles, the gene exhibits specific expression during the feeding stage in male beetles, the and genes exhibit specific expression during the feeding stage in female beetles, and is expressed only during two developmental stages in male beetles and during the mating stage in female beetles. The IR gene family exhibits gene-specific expression in different spatiotemporal contexts, laying the foundation for the subsequent selection of functional genes and facilitating the full utilization of host plant volatiles and insect sex pheromones, thereby enabling the development of more efficient attractants.
Topics: Animals; Coleoptera; Male; Transcriptome; Female; Receptors, Odorant; Insect Proteins; Gene Expression Profiling; Arthropod Antennae; Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate
PubMed: 38674138
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084553 -
Insects Mar 2024Species of the beetle genus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are native to North and South America, with their greatest diversity occurring in neotropical areas [...].
Species of the beetle genus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are native to North and South America, with their greatest diversity occurring in neotropical areas [...].
PubMed: 38667365
DOI: 10.3390/insects15040235 -
Science Advances Sep 2023RIPK1 is crucial in the inflammatory response. The process of vascular graft remodeling is also involved in endothelial inflammation, which can influence the behavior of...
RIPK1 is crucial in the inflammatory response. The process of vascular graft remodeling is also involved in endothelial inflammation, which can influence the behavior of smooth muscle cells. However, the role of endothelial RIPK1 in arterial bypass grafts remains unknown. Here, we established an arterial isograft mouse model in wild-type and endothelial RIPK1 conditional knockout mice. Progressive vascular remodeling and neointima formation occurred in the graft artery, showing SMC accumulation together with endothelial inflammatory adhesion molecule and cytokine expression. Endothelial RIPK1 knockout exacerbated graft stenosis by increasing secretion of N-Shh. Mechanistically, RIPK1 directly phosphorylated EEF1AKMT3 at Ser, inhibiting its methyltransferase activity and global protein synthesis, which further attenuated N-Shh translation and secretion. Consistently, treatment with the Hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC0449 markedly alleviated RIPK1 knockout-induced graft stenosis. Our results demonstrated that endothelial RIPK1 played a protective role in arterial bypass graft vascular remodeling, highlighting that targeting Hedgehog pathway may be an attractive strategy for graft failure in the future.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Coleoptera; Constriction, Pathologic; Hedgehog Proteins; Mice, Knockout; Vascular Remodeling
PubMed: 37647392
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8939 -
Annual Review of Entomology Jan 2024vegetable and oilseed crops are attacked by several different flea beetle species (Chrysomelidae: Alticini). Over the past decades, most research has focused on two... (Review)
Review
vegetable and oilseed crops are attacked by several different flea beetle species (Chrysomelidae: Alticini). Over the past decades, most research has focused on two species, and , which are major pests of oilseed rape in North America. More recently, and especially after the ban of neonicotinoids in the European Union, the cabbage stem flea beetle, , has become greatly important and is now considered to be the major pest of winter oilseed rape in Europe. The major challenges to flea beetle control are the prediction of population dynamics in the field, differential susceptibility to insecticides, and the lack of resistant plant cultivars and other economically viable alternative management strategies. At the same time, many fundamental aspects of flea beetle biology and ecology, which may be relevant for the development of sustainable control strategies, are not well understood. This review focuses on the interactions between flea beetles and plants and summarizes the literature on current management strategies with an emphasis on the potential for biological control in flea beetle management.
Topics: Animals; Brassica; Coleoptera; Siphonaptera; Insecticides; Brassica napus; Ecology
PubMed: 38270984
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-033023-015753 -
Cells Aug 2023Atherosclerosis is a chronic systemic inflammatory condition of the vasculature and a leading cause of stroke. Luminal stenosis severity is an important factor in... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerosis is a chronic systemic inflammatory condition of the vasculature and a leading cause of stroke. Luminal stenosis severity is an important factor in determining vascular risk. Conventional imaging modalities, such as angiography or duplex ultrasonography, are used to quantify stenosis severity and inform clinical care but provide limited information on plaque biology. Inflammatory processes are central to atherosclerotic plaque progression and destabilization. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is a validated technique for quantifying plaque inflammation. In this review, we discuss the evolution of FDG-PET as an imaging modality to quantify plaque vulnerability, challenges in standardization of image acquisition and analysis, its potential application to routine clinical care after stroke, and the possible role it will play in future drug discovery.
Topics: Animals; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Constriction, Pathologic; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron-Emission Tomography; Stroke; Coleoptera; Inflammation; Plaque, Amyloid
PubMed: 37626883
DOI: 10.3390/cells12162073