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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2023: More than a billion people worldwide suffer from chronic periodontitis. The primary etiological factor of periodontal diseases is dental plaque and the bacteria it... (Review)
Review
: More than a billion people worldwide suffer from chronic periodontitis. The primary etiological factor of periodontal diseases is dental plaque and the bacteria it contains, particularly , , , , and . Zinc, owing to its antibacterial properties, can be employed in periodontology. The objective of this review was to analyze scientific literature that examines the effects of zinc on periopathogens. : A systematic review protocol of scientific literature was designed following PRISMA recommendations. Data search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases. Full-text articles in English that examine the effects of zinc on periopathogens and were published between 2011 and 2021 were included. Fifteen articles were included in the analysis based on inclusion criteria. ZnO exhibited antibacterial activity against and ( < 0.001). The minimum inhibitory concentration against was 10 μg/mL. ZnO demonstrated a significant antibacterial effect, as evidenced by inhibition zones of 15.10 mm for , 13.36 mm for , 12.98 mm for , and 14.01 mm for Zn (II)-based polymers inhibited the and genes of . Titanium dental implants coated with ZnO effectively disrupted the cell walls of and . ZnO inhibited the growth of within 2 h and the growth of and within 3 h. ZnO exhibited nontoxic effects, and concentrations up to 0.8 mg/L increased cell survival rates by up to 90%. The analysis of the literature confirms the antibacterial action of zinc against periodontal pathogenic bacteria. At low concentrations, these substances do not exhibit cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Chronic Periodontitis; Organic Chemicals; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Zinc; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 38138191
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122088 -
Journal of Environmental Management Dec 2023This study investigated methods for predicting the duration and impact on groundwater quality from persistent and mobile organic compounds (PMOCs) at a drinking water...
This study investigated methods for predicting the duration and impact on groundwater quality from persistent and mobile organic compounds (PMOCs) at a drinking water well field affected by multiple contaminant sources. The fungicide metabolite N,N-dimethylsulfamide (DMS), which frequently occurs above the Danish groundwater quality criterion (0.1 μg/L), was used as an example. By combining contaminant mass discharge (CMD) estimations, modeling, and groundwater dating, a number of important discoveries were made. The current center of contaminant mass was located near the source area. The CMD at the well field was predicted to peak in 2040, and an effect from the investigated sources on groundwater quality could be expected until the end of the 21 century. A discrepancy in the current CMD at the well field and the estimated arrival time from the studied source area suggested an additional pesticide source, which has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The presence of the unknown source was supported by model simulations, producing an improved mass balance after inclusion of a contaminant source closer to the well field. The approach applied here was capable of predicting the duration and impact of DMS contamination at a well field at catchment scale. It furthermore shows potential for identification and quantification of the contribution from individual sources, and is also applicable for other PMOCs. Predicting the duration of the release and impact of contaminant sources on abstraction wells is highly valuable for water resources management and authorities responsible for contaminant risk assessment, remediation, and long-term planning at water utilities.
Topics: Water Pollutants, Chemical; Groundwater; Organic Chemicals; Water Resources; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 37844396
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119199 -
Chemosphere Oct 2023Using bio-based fertilizer (BBF) in agricultural soil can reduce the dependency on chemical fertilizer and increase sustainability by recycling nutrient-rich...
Using bio-based fertilizer (BBF) in agricultural soil can reduce the dependency on chemical fertilizer and increase sustainability by recycling nutrient-rich side-streams. However, organic contaminants in BBFs may lead to residues in the treated soil. This study assessed the presence of organic contaminants in BBF treated soils, which is essential for evaluating sustainability/risks of BBF use. Soil samples from two field studies amended with 15 BBFs from various sources (agricultural, poultry, veterinary, and sludge) were analyzed. A combination of QuEChERS-based extraction, liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry-based (LC-QTOF-MS) quantitative analysis, and an advanced, automated data interpretation workflow was optimized to extract and analyze organic contaminants in BBF-treated agricultural soil. The comprehensive screening of organic contaminants was performed using target analysis and suspect screening. Of the 35 target contaminants, only three contaminants were detected in the BBF-treated soil with concentrations ranging from 0.4 ng g to 28.7 ng g; out of these three detected contaminants, two were also present in the control soil sample. Suspect screening using patRoon (an R-based open-source software platform) workflows and the NORMAN Priority List resulted in tentative identification of 20 compounds (at level 2 and level 3 confidence level), primarily pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals, with only one overlapping compound in two experimental sites. The contamination profiles of the soil treated with BBFs sourced from veterinary and sludge were similar, with common pharmaceutical features identified. The suspect screening results suggest that the contaminants found in BBF-treated soil might come from alternative sources other than BBFs.
Topics: Fertilizers; Sewage; Soil; Chromatography, Liquid; Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 37379984
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139261 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024To identify age-related plasma extracellular vehicle (EVs) phenotypes in healthy adults.
OBJECTIVES
To identify age-related plasma extracellular vehicle (EVs) phenotypes in healthy adults.
METHODS
EV proteomics by high-resolution mass spectrometry to evaluate EV protein stability and discover age-associated EV proteins (n=4 with 4 serial freeze-thaws each); validation by high-resolution flow cytometry and EV cytokine quantification by multiplex ELISA (n=28 healthy donors, aged 18-83 years); quantification of WI-38 fibroblast cell proliferation response to co-culture with PKH67-labeled young and old plasma EVs. The EV samples from these plasma specimens were previously characterized for bilayer structure, intra-vesicle mitochondria and cytokines, and hematopoietic cell-related surface markers.
RESULTS
Compared with matched exo-EVs (EV-depleted supernatants), endo-EVs (EV-associated) had higher mean TNF-α and IL-27, lower mean IL-6, IL-11, IFN-γ, and IL-17A/F, and similar mean IL-1β, IL-21, and IL-22 concentrations. Some endo-EV and exo-EV cytokine concentrations were correlated, including TNF-α, IL-27, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, but not IL-11, IL-17A/F, IL-21 or IL-22. Endo-EV IFN-γ and exo-EV IL-17A/F and IL-21 declined with age. By proteomics and confirmed by flow cytometry, we identified age-associated decline of fibrinogen (FGA, FGB and FGG) in EVs. Age-related EV proteins indicated predominant origins in the liver and innate immune system. WI-38 cells (>95%) internalized similar amounts of young and old plasma EVs, but cells that internalized PKH67-EVs, particularly young EVs, underwent significantly greater cell proliferation.
CONCLUSION
Endo-EV and exo-EV cytokines function as different biomarkers. The observed healthy aging EV phenotype reflected a downregulation of EV fibrinogen subpopulations consistent with the absence of a pro-coagulant and pro-inflammatory condition common with age-related disease.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Interleukin-17; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Healthy Aging; Interleukin-27; Interleukin-6; Extracellular Vesicles; Cytokines; Immune System; Fibrinogen; Organic Chemicals
PubMed: 38633262
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355380 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Sep 2023Near-infrared (NIR) organic small molecule dyes (OSMDs) are effective photothermal agents for photothermal therapy (PTT) due to their advantages of low cost and... (Review)
Review
Near-infrared (NIR) organic small molecule dyes (OSMDs) are effective photothermal agents for photothermal therapy (PTT) due to their advantages of low cost and toxicity, good biodegradation, and strong NIR absorption over a wide wavelength range. Nevertheless, OSMDs have limited applicability in PTT due to their low photothermal conversion efficiency and inadequate destruction of tumor regions that are nonirradiated by NIR light. However, they can also act as photosensitizers (PSs) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be further eradicated by using ROS-related therapies to address the above limitations of PTT. In this review, the synergistic mechanism, composition, and properties of photodynamic therapy (PDT)-PTT nanoplatforms were comprehensively discussed. In addition, some specific strategies for further improving the combined PTT and PDT based on OSMDs for cancer to completely eradicate cancer cells were outlined. These strategies include performing image-guided co-therapy, enhancing tumor infiltration, increasing HO or O in the tumor microenvironment, and loading anticancer drugs onto nanoplatforms to enable combined therapy with phototherapy and chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the intriguing prospects and challenges of this treatment modality were also summarized with a focus on the future trends of its clinical application.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Photothermal Therapy; Reactive Oxygen Species; Hydrogen Peroxide; Phototherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Nanoparticles; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37759287
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02111-x -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2023Phosphoramidite chemical DNA synthesis technology is utilized for creating ssDNA building blocks and is widely used by commercial vendors. Recent advances in enzymatic...
Phosphoramidite chemical DNA synthesis technology is utilized for creating ssDNA building blocks and is widely used by commercial vendors. Recent advances in enzymatic DNA synthesis (EDS), including engineered enzymes and reversibly terminated nucleotides, bring EDS technology into competition with traditional chemical methods. In this short study, we evaluate oligos produced using a benchtop EDS instrument alongside chemically produced commercial oligonucleotides to assemble a synthetic gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP). While enzymatic synthesis produced lower concentrations of individual oligonucleotides, these were available in half the time of commercially produced oligonucleotides and were sufficient to assemble functional GFP sequences without producing hazardous organic chemical waste.
PubMed: 37476479
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1208784 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024An increasing body of research has demonstrated a correlation between pollutants from the environment and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the...
INTRODUCTION
An increasing body of research has demonstrated a correlation between pollutants from the environment and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the impact of volatile organic chemicals (VOC) on CVD remains unknown and needs further investigation.
OBJECTIVES
This study assessed whether exposure to VOC was associated with CVD in the general population.
METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted utilizing data from five survey cycles (2005-2006, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program. We analyzed the association between urinary VOC metabolites (VOCs) and participants by multiple logistic regression models, further Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression were performed for mixture exposure analysis.
RESULTS
Total VOCs were found to be positively linked with CVD in multivariable-adjusted models (p for trend = 0.025), independent of established CVD risk variables, such as hypertension, diabetes, drinking and smoking, and total cholesterol levels. Compared with the reference quartile of total VOCs levels, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios in increasing quartiles were 1.01 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-1.31], 1.26 (95% CI: 1.05-1.21) and 1.75 (95% CI: 1.36-1.64) for total CVD. Similar positive associations were found when considering individual VOCs, including AAMA, CEMA, CYMA, 2HPMA, 3HPMA, IPM3 and MHBMA3 (acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide, isoprene, and 1,3-butadiene). In BKMR analysis, the overall effect of a mixture is significantly related to VOCs when all chemicals reach or exceed the 75th percentile. Moreover, in the WQS models, the most influential VOCs were found to be CEMA (40.30%), DHBMA (21.00%), and AMCC (19.70%).
CONCLUSION
The results of our study indicated that VOC was all found to have a significant association with CVD when comparing results from different models. These findings hold significant potential for public health implications and offer valuable insights for future research directions.
Topics: Humans; Volatile Organic Compounds; Nutrition Surveys; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Environmental Exposure; Risk Factors; Air Pollutants; United States; Aged
PubMed: 38846604
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1378444 -
Microbial Cell Factories Dec 2023Intracellular hyperaccumulation of phycocyanin (PC) and its high susceptibility to degradation at higher temperatures are major challenging problems associated with its...
Intracellular hyperaccumulation of phycocyanin (PC) and its high susceptibility to degradation at higher temperatures are major challenging problems associated with its production from cyanobacteria. The present study evaluated different concentrations of organic acids (1, 2, and 3 mM) (citric acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, and oxalic acid) under fed-batch mode on the biomass and phycobiliproteins' production from Arthrospira platensis. Besides they were evaluated at 2.5-7.5 mM as preservative to stabilize PC at high temperatures. The incorporation of 3 mM of succinic acid into the cultivation medium enhanced the biomass and PC productivity to 164.05 and 26.70 mg Lday, which was ~ 2- and threefold higher than control, respectively. The produced PC in this treatment was food-grade with a 2.2 purity ratio. The use of organic acids also enhanced the thermal stability of PC. Citric acid (7.5 mM) markedly promoted the half-life values of PC to 189.44 min compared to 71.84 min in the control. The thermodynamic analysis confirmed higher thermostability of PC in the presence of organic acids and indicated the endothermic and non-spontaneity of the thermal denaturation process. The findings of the present study confirmed that organic acids could be utilized as cost effective and sustainable compounds for promoting not only phycobiliproteins' production but also the thermostability of PC for potential application in food industry.
Topics: Phycocyanin; Spirulina; Phycobiliproteins; Organic Chemicals; Citric Acid; Succinates
PubMed: 38053179
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02256-2 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023In this work, the mutual solubilities of sets of organic diluents (CHCl, CH, CHCl, CCl, CH, and n-hexane) with the organic compound ethylene glycol are investigated via...
In this work, the mutual solubilities of sets of organic diluents (CHCl, CH, CHCl, CCl, CH, and n-hexane) with the organic compound ethylene glycol are investigated via gas chromatography (GC). The experimental data measured for these binary organic systems are used to adjust the future nonaqueous systems for the solvent extraction of various metals with ligands. The obtained results showed that the solubility of ethylene glycol decreased in the order CHCl > CH > CHCl > CCl(0%) ≈ CH ≈ n-hexane. On the other hand, the solubility of the tested traditional organic diluents in ethylene glycol decreased in the following order: CH > CHCl > CHCl > n-hexane > CH > CCl. H NMR was also used as an analytic method in order to compare the obtained results for the samples showing significant solubility only, including an additional study with 1,2- or 1,3-propanediol. The enhanced solubility of the CH compound in ethylene glycol was identified here as critical due to the GC technique, which will be without future consequences in chemical technology. Therefore, it was found that the best molecular diluent for the recovery of metals among the tested ones is CH, with a green protocol as the new paradigm, replacing the aqueous phase with another nonaqueous phase, i.e., a second organic diluent.
Topics: Solubility; Ethylene Glycol; Chromatography, Gas; Hexanes
PubMed: 37446785
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135121 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Oct 2023The formation of chlorinated organic compounds in concrete debris exposed to reactive chlorine was studied to search for markers specific to chlorine gas exposure....
The formation of chlorinated organic compounds in concrete debris exposed to reactive chlorine was studied to search for markers specific to chlorine gas exposure. Concrete materials of different origins were exposed to a range of species of reactive chlorine including bleach, humid and dry chlorine gas at different concentrations. Chlorinated organic compounds in concrete extracts were analysed by targeted gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS) and by non-targeted screening using the corresponding high-resolution techniques (GC-HRMS and LC-HRMS). Overall, different levels and species of chlorinated organic compounds namely chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes, chloromethoxyphenols, chloromethylbenzenes and chloral hydrate were identified in these chlorinated concrete extracts; two examples of diagnostic markers for neat chlorine exposure were trichloromethylbenzene and tetrachlorophenol. The old concrete samples from the 1930s and 1950s had the most chlorinated organic compounds after exposure to neat chlorine gas. Lignin or lignin degradation products were identified as probable candidates for phenolic precursor molecules in the concrete samples. Multivariate data analysis (OPLS-DA) shows distinct patterns for bleach and chlorine exposure. The chlorinated chemicals and specific markers for chlorine gas discovered in our research assist other laboratories in forensic investigations of chlorine gas attacks.
PubMed: 37598516
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132332