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Obesity Surgery Mar 2024Many individuals search for obesity treatment options on the Internet. We aimed to analyze the popularity of pharmacological and surgical obesity treatment methods...
PURPOSE
Many individuals search for obesity treatment options on the Internet. We aimed to analyze the popularity of pharmacological and surgical obesity treatment methods searched by Google users.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We used Google Trends to identify topics representing the following: recommended surgical methods (n = 9), recommended pharmacological methods (n = 10), and not recommended pharmacological methods (n = 34). The data was generated for 2004-2022 and 2020-2022. Relative search volume (RSV) was adjusted using "Gastric bypass surgery" as a benchmark. We analyzed the geographical and temporal trends of the topics.
RESULTS
In 2004-2022, the topics representing recommended surgical methods numerically gained the most popularity among Google users, but in 2020-2022 the recommended drugs exceeded other obesity treatment methods. The most popular individual topics since 2004 were "flaxseed," "Spirulina," "Carnitine," "Bariatric surgery," and "Orlistat." The most dynamic increases of searches since 2004 were observed for "Sleeve gastrectomy," "Curcumin," "Psyllium," and "Bupropion/Naltrexon." Since 2018, topics representing GLP-1 analogs such as "Semaglutide" and "Saxenda" revealed exponential increases in RSV, causing that "Semaglutide" to become the fourth most popular topic in 2020-2022.
CONCLUSIONS
Google users across the world were the most interested in topics representing bariatric surgery, but recently recommended drugs for the treatment of obesity gained the most attention. The most popular individual topics were dietary supplements with uncertain effects on weight loss.
Topics: Humans; Obesity, Morbid; Search Engine; Retrospective Studies; Obesity; Bariatric Surgery
PubMed: 38103152
DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06971-y -
Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical... 2024Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a significant contributor to chronic liver disease... (Review)
Review
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a significant contributor to chronic liver disease worldwide. Orlistat blocks intestinal fat absorption, leading to decreased liver fat content. Therefore, it is a viable option for NAFLD management. We performed a systematic review and metaanalysis using randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We used mean difference (MD) to pool continuous outcomes presented with the corresponding confidence interval (CI). We included four RCTs with a total of 379 patients. Orlistat was effective in reducing liver fat content (MD: -5.02, 95% CI [-7.23, -2.82], = 0.00001), alanine transferase (MD: -10.03, 95% CI [-17.80, -2.26], = 0.01), aspartate transferase (MD: -4.29, 95% CI [-7.59, -0.99], = 0.01), waist circumference (MD: -3.18, 95% CI [-4.25, -2.10], = 0.00001), body mass index (MD: -1.03, 95% CI [-1.34, -0.73], = 0.00001), total cholesterol (MD: -3.75, 95% CI [-4.02, -3.49], = 0.00001), and low-density lipoprotein (MD: -3.83, 95% CI [-4.05, -3.61], = 0.00001). However, orlistat was associated with increased serum triglycerides (MD: 7.46, 95% CI [6.48, 8.44], = 0. 00001). Orlistat is a viable option for NAFLD management; however, it increases triglyceride levels. Larger RCTs are required.
PubMed: 38910819
DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2024.2335829 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Artemisia dracunculus: L. () is a popular vegetable and spice cultivated across many Middle Eastern countries. The herb's aqueous extract has significant folkloric...
Artemisia dracunculus: L. () is a popular vegetable and spice cultivated across many Middle Eastern countries. The herb's aqueous extract has significant folkloric medicinal importance for treating various disorders. Hence, the present investigation aimed to investigate hydrophilic extract phytochemical constituents and pleiotropic biological potentials, as no previous studies have investigated the antilipase and anti-α-amylase effects of the plant. Total phenol content and phytochemical screening assays were performed utilizing standard analytical methods. While the α-amylase inhibition, free radical-scavenging, antilipase, and cytotoxic activities were determined using dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA), DPPH, p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB), and MTS assays, respectively. The standard phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract shows that this extract contains only a phenolic group. The total phenol content was 0.146 ± 0.012 mg GAE/g of the plant dry extract. The aqueous extract exhibited potent DPPH free radical inhibitory (IC dose of 10.71 ± 0.01 μg/mL) and anti-lipase activities (IC dose of 60.25 ± 0.33 μg/mL) compared with Trolox (IC = 5.7 ± 0.92 μg/mL) and Orlistat (IC = 12.3 ± 0.35 μg/mL), respectively. However, it showed a weak anti-α-amylase effect (IC value > 1,000 μg/mL) compared with Acarbose (IC = 28.18 ± 1.27 μg/mL). has a cytotoxic effect against the HeLa cancer cell line compared with the chemotherapeutic agent Doxorubicin. The extract has the same percent of inhibition as Doxorubicin (99.9%) at 10 mg/mL. Overall, these results pointed out for the first time the importance of considering effects as a favorite candidate for preventing and treating metabolic disorders. Also, our results confirm the findings of previous reports on the role of in the management of cancer and disorders resulting from the accumulation of harmful free radicals. On the contrary, the current study concluded that the antidiabetic role of could be minimal. Further in-depth investigations are urgently warranted to explore the importance of A. dracunculus in pharmaceutical production.
PubMed: 38515857
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1351743 -
Heliyon Mar 2024The rate of vincristine (VCR) resistance in the treatment of retinoblastoma (RB) is relatively high, and the exact role and mechanism of autophagy and fatty acid (FA)...
The rate of vincristine (VCR) resistance in the treatment of retinoblastoma (RB) is relatively high, and the exact role and mechanism of autophagy and fatty acid (FA) metabolism in RB are still unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which acyl-CoA thioesterase 7 (ACOT7) regulates FA metabolism and autophagy, which may lead to potential therapeutic strategies for RB. In the present study, the relationship between FA metabolism and cellular drug sensitivity was evaluated through ACOT7 overexpression or inhibition tests in RB-resistant cells. The lipase inhibitor orlistat and the autophagy inhibitor CQ were used to determine the effects of ACOT7 on FA metabolism, autophagy, and cellular drug sensitivity, as well as the therapeutic value of ACOT7 targeting. The results showed that ACOT7 was upregulated in VCR-resistant RB cells, significantly enhancing cell resistance and indicating that ACOT7 may serve as a biomarker for VCR resistance in RB cells. Knockdown of ACOT7 inhibited FA metabolism and reduced cell viability in VCR-resistant RB cells. The effect of ACOT7 overexpression was opposite to that of ACOT7 knockdown, and ACOT7 overexpression promoted autophagy in VCR-resistant RB cells. After treatment with orlistat or CQ, FA metabolism in VCR-resistant RB cells decreased, cell viability and autophagy were inhibited, EMT was inhibited, and the sensitivity of RB cells to VCR was increased. In conclusion, ACOT7 knockdown can mediate FA metabolism to inhibit autophagy and the migration of RB cells, thereby improving the sensitivity of RB cells to VCR.
PubMed: 38463820
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27156 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Obesity prevalence is becoming a serious global health and economic issue and is a major risk factor for concomitant diseases that worsen the quality and duration of...
Obesity prevalence is becoming a serious global health and economic issue and is a major risk factor for concomitant diseases that worsen the quality and duration of life. Therefore, the urgency of the development of novel therapies is of a particular importance. A previous study of ours revealed that the natural pterocarpan, maackiain (MACK), significantly inhibits adipogenic differentiation in human adipocytes through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-dependent mechanism. Considering the observed anti-adipogenic potential of MACK, we aimed to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms that drive its biological activity in a obesity model. Therefore, in the current study, the anti-obesogenic effect of MACK (25, 50, and 100 μM) was compared to orlistat (ORST, 12 μM) as a reference drug. Additionally, the hybrid combination between the ORST (12 μM) and MACK (100 μM) was assessed for suspected synergistic interaction. Mechanistically, the observed anti-obesogenic effect of MACK was mediated through the upregulation of the key metabolic regulators, namely, the nuclear hormone receptor 49 () that is a functional homologue of the mammalian PPARs and the AMP-activated protein kinase (aak-2/AMPK) in . Collectively, our investigation indicates that MACK has the potential to limit lipid accumulation and control obesity that deserves future developments.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Caenorhabditis elegans; Pterocarpans; Caloric Restriction; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Obesity; Lipids; Mammals
PubMed: 38139270
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417442 -
Cell Death Discovery Jan 2024Liver metastasis is the major reason for most of colorectal cancer (CRC) related deaths. Accumulating evidence indicates that CRC patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver...
Liver metastasis is the major reason for most of colorectal cancer (CRC) related deaths. Accumulating evidence indicates that CRC patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are at a greater risk of developing liver metastasis. With the growing prevalence of NAFLD, a better understanding of the molecular mechanism in NAFLD-driven CRC liver metastasis is needed. In this study, we demonstrated that NAFLD facilitated CRC liver metastasis as a metabolic disorder and promoted the stemness of metastatic CRC cells for their colonization and outgrowth in hepatic niches. Metabolically, the lipid-rich microenvironment in NAFLD activated de novo palmitate biosynthesis in metastatic CRC cells via upregulating fatty acid synthase (FASN). Moreover, increased intracellular palmitate bioavailability promoted EGFR palmitoylation to enhance its protein stability and plasma membrane localization. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the FDA-approved FASN inhibitor orlistat could reduce NAFLD-activated endogenous palmitate production, thus inhibiting palmitoylation of EGFR to suppress CRC cell stemness and restrict liver metastasis in synergy with conventional chemotherapy. These findings reveal that the NAFLD metabolic microenvironment boosts endogenous palmitate biosynthesis in metastatic CRC cells and promotes cell stemness via EGFR palmitoylation, and FASN inhibitor orlistat could be a candidate adjuvant drug to suppress liver metastasis in CRC patients with NAFLD.
PubMed: 38263401
DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01770-x -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Oct 2023Obesity is a global health issue arising from the unhealthy accumulation of fat. Medicinal plants such as Alstonia boonei stem bark has been reported to possess body...
BACKGROUND
Obesity is a global health issue arising from the unhealthy accumulation of fat. Medicinal plants such as Alstonia boonei stem bark has been reported to possess body weight reducing effect in obese rats. Thus, this study sought to investigate the in vitro and in silico effects of fractions from Alstonia boonei stem bark on selected obesity-related digestive enzymes and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
METHOD
Two fractions were prepared from A. boonei: crude alkaloid fraction (CAF) and crude saponin fraction (CSF), and their phytochemical compounds were profiled using Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS). The fractions were assayed for inhibitory activity against lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, likewise their antiadipogenic effect in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The binding properties with the 3 enzymes were also assessed using in silico tools.
RESULTS
Eleven alkaloids and six saponin phytochemical compounds were identified in the CAF and CSF using LCMS/MS. The CAF and CSF revealed good inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase enzyme, but weak and good activity against amylase respectively while only CSF had inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. Both fractions showed antiadipogenic effect in the clearance of adipocytes and reduction of lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The LCMS/MS identified compounds (41) from both fractions demonstrated good binding properties with the 3 enzymes, with at least the top ten compounds having higher binding energies than the reference inhibitors (acarbose and orlistat). The best two docked compounds to the three enzymes were firmly anchored in the substrate binding pockets of the enzymes. In a similar binding pattern as the reference acarbose, Estradiol-17-phenylpropionate (-11.0 kcal/mol) and 3α-O-trans-Feruloyl-2 α -hydroxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid (-10.0 kcal/mol) interacted with Asp197 a catalytic nucleophile of pancreatic amylase. Estradiol-17-phenylpropionate (-10.8 kcal/mol) and 10-Hydroxyyohimbine (-10.4 kcal/mol) interacted with the catalytic triad (Ser152-Asp176-His263) of pancreatic lipase while Estradiol-17-phenylpropionate (-10.1 kcal/mol) and 10-Hydroxyyohimbine (-9.9 kcal/mol) interacted with Asp616 and Asp518 the acid/base and nucleophilic residues of modelled α-glucosidase.
CONCLUSION
The antiobesity effect of A. boonei was displayed by both the alkaloid and saponin fractions of the plant via inhibition of pancreatic lipase and adipogenesis.
Topics: Mice; Rats; Animals; Adipogenesis; Plant Extracts; Alstonia; 3T3-L1 Cells; Acarbose; alpha-Glucosidases; Plant Bark; Obesity; Lipase; Alkaloids; Amylases; Saponins
PubMed: 37864233
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04202-6 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024Fu tea is receiving increasing attention for its specific aroma, flavor, and dramatic functional benefits. Herein, we explored the effects and underlying mechanisms of...
Fu tea is receiving increasing attention for its specific aroma, flavor, and dramatic functional benefits. Herein, we explored the effects and underlying mechanisms of Fu loose tea (FLT), Fu brick tea (FBT), and diet pills (orlistat) on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. The results indicated that FLT and FBT administration effectively inhibited weight gain, glucose metabolic dysregulation, fat accumulation in organs, hepatic and kidney injury, and oxidative stress induced by HFD. Additionally, FLT and FBT treatments improved the lipid profiles and reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines by regulating the expression levels of lipid metabolism- and inflammation-related genes. Furthermore, FLT and FBT ameliorated the gut microbiota dysbiosis in HFD-mice in a dose-dependent relationship by increasing the abundance of family Verrucomicrobiaceae and genus and and simultaneously reducing the abundance of family Erysipelotrichaceae and genus ; in contrast, orlistat did not exert a regulatory effect on gut microbiota similar to FLT and FBT to improve HFD-induced obesity. KEGG analysis of gut microbiota annotation revealed that "metabolism" was the most enriched category. This study further provides a theoretical basis for FLT and FBT to be potential supplements to alleviate diet-induced obesity.
PubMed: 38254507
DOI: 10.3390/foods13020206 -
Nutrients Jun 2023Previous research has shown that both heat-treated green tea extract (HTGT) and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) have anti-obesity effects. Given the absence...
Previous research has shown that both heat-treated green tea extract (HTGT) and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) have anti-obesity effects. Given the absence of in vivo evidence demonstrating their synergistic effects, our study aimed to elucidate the combined obesity prevention potential of HTGT and EMIQ in mice. Mice were treated with these compounds for 8 weeks, while being fed a high-fat diet, to investigate their preventive anti-obesity effects. We demonstrated that the co-treatment of HTGT and EMIQ results in a synergistic anti-obesity effect, as determined by a Kruskal-Wallis test. Furthermore, the combined treatment of HTGT and EMIQ was more effective than orlistat in reducing body weight gain and adipocyte hypertrophy induced by high-fat diet. The co-treatment also significantly reduced total body fat mass and abdominal fat volume. Additionally, the group receiving the co-treatment exhibited increased energy expenditure and higher glucose intolerance. We observed a dose-dependent upregulation of genes associated with mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and PKA signaling, which is linked to lipolysis, in response to the co-treatment. The co-treatment group displayed elevated cAMP levels and AMPK activation in adipose tissue and increased excretion of fecal lipids. The results indicate that the co-treatment of HTGT and EMIQ holds the potential to be a promising combination therapy for combating obesity. To further validate the anti-obesity effect of the combined treatment of HTGT and EMIQ in human subjects, additional clinical studies are warranted.
Topics: Mice; Humans; Animals; Hot Temperature; Obesity; Antioxidants; Plant Extracts; Tea; Diet, High-Fat; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 37447257
DOI: 10.3390/nu15132931 -
Cancers Apr 2024This study aimed to investigate the effects of tetrahydrolipstatin (orlistat) on heterotopic glioblastoma in mice by applying MRI and correlating the results with...
Effects of Tetrahydrolipstatin on Glioblastoma in Mice: MRI-Based Morphologic and Texture Analysis Correlated with Histopathology and Immunochemistry Findings-A Pilot Study.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to investigate the effects of tetrahydrolipstatin (orlistat) on heterotopic glioblastoma in mice by applying MRI and correlating the results with histopathology and immunochemistry.
METHODS
Human glioblastoma cells were injected subcutaneously into the groins of immunodeficient mice. After tumor growth of >150 mm, the animals were assigned into a treatment group (n = 6), which received daily intraperitoneal injections of orlistat, and a control group (n = 7). MRI was performed at the time of randomization and before euthanizing the animals. Tumor volumes were calculated, and signal intensities were analyzed. The internal tumor structure was evaluated visually and with texture analysis. Western blotting and protein expression analysis were performed.
RESULTS
At histology, all tumors showed high mitotic and proliferative activity (Ki67 ≥ 10%). Reduced fatty acid synthetase expression was measured in the orlistat group ( < 0.05). Based on the results of morphologic MRI-based analysis, tumor growth remained concentric in the control group and changed to eccentric in the treatment group ( < 0.05). The largest area under the receiver operating curve of the predictors derived from the texture analysis of T2w images was for wavelet transform parameters WavEnHL_s3 and WavEnLH_s4 at 0.96 and 1.00, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Orlistat showed effects on heterotopically implanted glioblastoma multiforme in MRI studies of mice based on morphologic and texture analysis.
PubMed: 38672673
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081591