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BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care Dec 2023This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between both low and high osmolarity and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in diabetic population.
AIMS
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between both low and high osmolarity and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in diabetic population.
METHODS
All participants were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2014. Baseline serum osmolality was determined from laboratory tests and cause of death from national death records. HRs and 95% CIs for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in diabetes were estimated using Cox proportional regression analysis. The non-linear relationship was explored using restricted cubic splines regression.
RESULTS
Among 7622 individuals with diabetes, 1983 (12.4%) died during a total of 3.26 thousand person-years of follow-up. Compared with the reference category (281-284 mmol/kg), the multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for all-cause mortality were 1.27 (1.16-1.40; p<0.001) in the lowest osmolality category (<201 mmol/kg) and 1.18 (1.09-1.28; p<0.001) in the highest osmolality category (>312 mmol/kg). Restricted cubic splines results showed that serum levels of osmolality had a U-shaped association with the risk of all-cause mortality, and L-shaped relationship with the risk of cardiovascular death.
CONCLUSIONS
Both low osmolality and high osmolality were predictive of increased all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes, supporting a U-shaped relationship. Also, a lower serum osmolality increased the risk of cardiovascular mortality.
Topics: Humans; Nutrition Surveys; Risk Factors; Diabetes Mellitus; Cardiovascular Diseases; Osmolar Concentration
PubMed: 38135453
DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003826 -
Brain Research Bulletin Dec 2023The syndrome of post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) has been recognized since Dandy's report in 1914. The pathogenesis of PTH has not been fully clarified. At present, it... (Review)
Review
The syndrome of post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) has been recognized since Dandy's report in 1914. The pathogenesis of PTH has not been fully clarified. At present, it is believed that the obstacles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion, absorption and circulation pathways are the reasons for the development of PTH. However, recent studies have also suggested that the osmotic pressure load of CSF and the pathological changes of CSF dynamics are caused by the development of hydrocephalus. Therefore, a better understanding of the definition, classification, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and evaluation of post-treatment effects of PTH is critical for the effective prevention and treatment of PTH. In this paper, we reviewed the classification and diagnosis of PTH and focused on the treatment and the imaging evaluation of post-treatment effects of PTH. This review might provide a judgment criterion for diagnosis of PTH and a basis for the effective prevention and treatment of PTH in the future.
Topics: Humans; Hydrocephalus; Osmotic Pressure
PubMed: 37995869
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110824 -
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Dec 2023The present study compared four different intervals between three simulated soccer matches for changes in muscle damage and performance parameters. Thirteen well-trained...
The present study compared four different intervals between three simulated soccer matches for changes in muscle damage and performance parameters. Thirteen well-trained female university soccer players performed three bouts of 90-min Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) with four different intervals between bouts; one (1d), two (2d), three (3d) and four days (4d), with >12-weeks between conditions in a counterbalanced order. Heart rate, blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion and distance covered in each LIST were measured. Changes in several muscle damage markers (e.g., maximal voluntary isometric torque of the knee extensors: MVC-KE, muscle soreness), performance parameters (e.g., Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1: Yo-Yo IR1), and blood measures (e.g., osmolality, high sensitivity cardiac troponin T) before the first LIST, 1 h after each LIST, and one to five days after the third LIST were compared among the conditions. The total distance covered during the first two LISTs was not different among the conditions, but that during the third LIST was shorter (P < 0.05) for the 1d (9,416 ± 885 m) and 2d conditions (9,737 ± 246 m) than the 3d (10,052 ± 490 m) and 4d conditions (10,432 ± 538 m). Changes in all measures were smaller (P < 0.05) in the 3d and 4d conditions (e.g., the decrease in MVC-KE at one day after the third LIST was -13 ± 4% and -10 ± 3%, respectively) when compared with the 1d and 2d conditions (-20 ± 7%, -18 ± 5%). Performance parameters showed smaller (P < 0.05) changes in the 4d (e.g., the decrease in Yo-Yo IR1 at one day after the third LIST was -9 ± 3%) and 3d (-13 ± 6%) conditions when compared with the 1d (-19 ± 4%) and 2d (-20 ± 8%) conditions. These results suggest that muscle damage and fatigue accumulate when soccer matches are performed three consecutive days or every other day, but if more than three days are inserted between matches, this could be minimized.
Topics: Humans; Female; Soccer; Physical Endurance; Exercise Test; Fatigue; Electrocardiography
PubMed: 38045739
DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.614 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023Ensuring food security for the global population is a ceaseless and critical issue. However, high-salinity and high-alkalinity levels can harm agricultural yields... (Review)
Review
Ensuring food security for the global population is a ceaseless and critical issue. However, high-salinity and high-alkalinity levels can harm agricultural yields throughout large areas, even in largely agricultural countries, such as China. Various physical and chemical treatments have been employed in different locations to mitigate high salinity and alkalinity but their effects have been minimal. Numerous researchers have recently focused on developing effective and environmentally friendly biological treatments. Endophytes, which are naturally occurring and abundant in plants, retain many of the same characteristics of plants owing to their simultaneous evolution. Therefore, extraction of endophytes from salt-tolerant plants for managing plant growth in saline-alkali soils has become an important research topic. This extraction indicates that the soil environment can be fundamentally improved, and the signaling pathways of plants can be altered to increase their defense capacity, and can even be inherited to ensure lasting efficacy. This study discusses the direct and indirect means by which plant endophytes mitigate the effects of plant salinity stress that have been observed in recent years.
Topics: Endophytes; Salinity; Alkalies; Salt Tolerance; Salt-Tolerant Plants
PubMed: 38069239
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316917 -
Nutrients Nov 2023Fluid intake and hydration status during pregnancy may have influences on maternal and infant health. However, few studies have recorded and analyzed total fluid intake...
Fluid intake and hydration status during pregnancy may have influences on maternal and infant health. However, few studies have recorded and analyzed total fluid intake (TFI) levels during the whole pregnancy. This study mainly aimed to investigate the TFI levels of pregnant women in three trimesters, and further to assess their hydration status. The relationships of TFI and hydration status were also analyzed. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit pregnant women from the Haikou Maternity and Child Health Hospital in China in this prospective cohort study. A 7-day 24 h fluid intake questionnaire was used for recording the fluid intake of the participants in their three trimesters. Fasting blood samples and first morning urine samples were also collected and tested. Hydration status was evaluated using urine osmolality. Finally, 142 pregnant women completed the study. The median TFIs in the first, second, and third trimesters were 1336, 1477, and 1584 mL, respectively. The TFI levels increased with pregnancy progression (χ = 134.155, < 0.05). Out of 142 participants, 100.0%, 97.2%, and 85.2% of participants did not reach the recommendation amount for an adequate TFI among Chinese pregnant women in the three trimesters, respectively (χ = 29.840, < 0.05). Plain water was the main source of fluid intake, accounting for 92.0%, 94.2%, and 93.4% of TFI, respectively. The median values of dairy product intake were 61, 57, and 59 mL in the three trimesters. The frequency of participants without an optimal hydration status in the three trimesters was 71.8%, 76.1%, and 83.1%, respectively (χ = 29.909, < 0.05). The participants of each trimester were divided into four groups according to quartiles of TFI, including participants with a lower fluid intake (LFI and LFI) and higher fluid intake (HFI and HFI). As the TFI values increased from the LFI group to the HFI group, the urine osmolality decreased (all < 0.05). Moderate-intensity negative correlations were found between urine osmolality, hydration status, and TFI (all < 0.05). It is suggested that fluid intake strategies should be promoted and health education should be conducted to improve the hydration status of pregnant women.
Topics: Child; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prospective Studies; Drinking; Water; China
PubMed: 38004114
DOI: 10.3390/nu15224720 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of fluid intake on hydration status indices in men at work. The secondary aim was to determine the type of fluids...
The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of fluid intake on hydration status indices in men at work. The secondary aim was to determine the type of fluids drunk at work in different thermal conditions. Fifty-nine male foresters were examined before and after one working day during summer, autumn, and winter. Before and after work, urine and blood samples were obtained from foresters. Immediately after a shift, participants completed a questionnaire regarding fluid intake during one working day. The amount of fluid consumed affects the hydration urine indices. Urine specific gravity and urine osmolality significantly decreased with increasing fluid intake (r = - 0.385 and r = - 0.405, respectively). Moreover, an impact of season on the type of fluids consumed by workers was observed. Tea was significantly more often chosen by workers to drink in winter (68%) than in summer (32%) (p = 0.026). The consumption of any non-alcoholic fluids contributes to the daily total water intake, but it is necessary to create individualized fluid replacement plans. Workers should know how much and what types of drinks to consume at work.
Topics: Humans; Male; Drinking; Body Fluids; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcoholism; Seasons
PubMed: 37741879
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41652-x -
Critical Care (London, England) Dec 2023To evaluate the potential association between early dysnatremia and 6-month functional outcome after cardiac arrest.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the potential association between early dysnatremia and 6-month functional outcome after cardiac arrest.
METHODS
We pooled data from four randomised clinical trials in post-cardiac-arrest patients admitted to the ICU with coma after stable return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Admission natremia was categorised as normal (135-145 mmol/L), low, or high. We analysed associations between natremia category and Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) 1 or 2 at 6 months, with and without adjustment on the modified Cardiac Arrest Hospital Prognosis Score (mCAHP).
RESULTS
We included 1163 patients (581 from HYPERION, 352 from TTH48, 120 from COMACARE, and 110 from Xe-HYPOTHECA) with a mean age of 63 ± 13 years and a predominance of males (72.5%). A cardiac cause was identified in 63.6% of cases. Median time from collapse to ROSC was 20 [15-29] minutes. Overall, mean natremia on ICU admission was 137.5 ± 4.7 mmol/L; 211 (18.6%) and 31 (2.7%) patients had hyponatremia and hypernatremia, respectively. By univariate analysis, CPC 1 or 2 at 6 months was significantly less common in the group with hyponatremia (50/211 [24%] vs. 363/893 [41%]; P = 0.001); the mCAHP-adjusted odds ratio was 0.45 (95%CI 0.26-0.79, p = 0.005). The number of patients with hypernatremia was too small for a meaningful multivariable analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Early hyponatremia was common in patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest and was associated with a poorer 6-month functional outcome. The mechanisms underlying this association remain to be elucidated in order to determine whether interventions targeting hyponatremia are worth investigating. Registration ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT01994772, November 2013, 21.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Female; Hyponatremia; Hypernatremia; Heart Arrest; Prognosis; Intensive Care Units; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38041177
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04715-z -
Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany) Oct 2023Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common disease with multiple pathogenic mechanisms. This study aimed to compare levels of metabolites and proteins between wet and dry...
BACKGROUND
Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common disease with multiple pathogenic mechanisms. This study aimed to compare levels of metabolites and proteins between wet and dry nights in urine samples from children with monosymptomatic NE (MNE).
METHODS
Ten boys with MNE and nocturnal polyuria (age: 7.6 ± 1.3 years) collected their total nighttime urine production during a wet and a dry night. Untargeted metabolomics and proteomics were performed on the urine samples by liquid chromatography coupled with high-mass accuracy tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
RESULTS
On wet nights, we found reduced urine osmolality (P = 0.025) and increased excretion of urinary potassium and sodium by a factor of, respectively, 2.1 (P = 0.038) and 1.9 (P = 0.19) compared with dry nights. LC-MS identified 59 metabolites and 84 proteins with significantly different levels between wet and dry nights (fold change (FC) < 0.67 or > 1.5, P < 0.05). Some compounds were validated by different methodologies. During wet nights, levels of compounds related to oxidative stress and blood pressure, including adrenalin, were increased. We found reduced levels of aquaporin-2 on wet nights. The FCs in the 59 metabolites were positively correlated to the FCs in the same metabolites identified in urine samples obtained during the evening preceding wet and dry nights.
CONCLUSIONS
Oxidative stress, which in the literature has been associated with nocturia and disturbances in sleep, might be increased during wet nights in children with MNE. We further found evidence of increased sympathetic activity. The mechanisms related to having wet nights in children with MNE seem complex, and both free water and solute handling appear to be important. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
Topics: Male; Humans; Child; Nocturnal Enuresis; Polyuria; Proteome; Nocturia; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Metabolome; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin
PubMed: 37140712
DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05963-5 -
Molecular Cell May 2024Post-translational modifications of proteins (PTMs) introduce an extra layer of complexity to cellular regulation. Although phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and...
Post-translational modifications of proteins (PTMs) introduce an extra layer of complexity to cellular regulation. Although phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues is well-known as PTMs, lysine is, in fact, the most heavily modified amino acid, with over 30 types of PTMs on lysine having been characterized. One of the most recently discovered PTMs on lysine residues is polyphosphorylation, which sees linear chains of inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) attached to lysine residues. The labile nature of phosphoramidate bonds raises the question of whether this modification is covalent in nature. Here, we used buffers with very high ionic strength, which would disrupt any non-covalent interactions, and confirmed that lysine polyphosphorylation occurs covalently on proteins containing PASK domains (polyacidic, serine-, and lysine-rich), such as the budding yeast protein nuclear signal recognition 1 (Nsr1) and the mammalian protein nucleolin. This Matters Arising Response paper addresses the Neville et al. (2024) Matters Arising paper, published concurrently in Molecular Cell.
Topics: Phosphorylation; Lysine; Phosphoproteins; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Humans; RNA-Binding Proteins; Nucleolin; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Animals; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Polyphosphates; Osmolar Concentration
PubMed: 38701742
DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.03.029 -
Investigative and Clinical Urology Sep 2023To investigate the treatment outcome of nocturnal enuresis (NE) according to first-morning urine osmolality (Uosm) before treatment.
PURPOSE
To investigate the treatment outcome of nocturnal enuresis (NE) according to first-morning urine osmolality (Uosm) before treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ninety-nine children (mean age, 7.2±2.1 y) with NE were enrolled in this retrospective study and divided into two groups according to first-morning Uosm results, that is, into a low Uosm group (<800 mOsm/L; 38 cases, 38.4%) or a high Uosm group (≥800 mOsm/L; 61 cases, 61.6%). Baseline parameters were obtained from frequency volume charts of at least 2 days, uroflowmetry, post-void residual volume, and a questionnaire for the presence of frequency, urgency, and urinary incontinence. Standard urotherapy and pharmacological treatment were administered initially in all cases. Enuresis frequency and response rates were analyzed at around 1 month and 3 months after treatment initiation.
RESULTS
The level of first-morning Uosm was 997.1±119.6 mOsm/L in high Uosm group and 600.9±155.9 mOsm/L in low Uosm group (p<0.001), and first-morning voided volume (p=0.021) and total voided volume (p=0.019) were significantly greater in the low Uosm group. Furthermore, a significantly higher percentage of children in the low Uosm group had a response rate of ≥50% (CR or PR) at 1 month (50.0% vs. 24.6%; p=0.010) and 3 months (63.2% vs. 36.1%; p=0.009).
CONCLUSIONS
Treatment response rates are higher for children with NE with a lower first-morning Uosm.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Nocturnal Enuresis; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Urinary Incontinence; Osmolar Concentration
PubMed: 37668207
DOI: 10.4111/icu.20220377