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Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The and genera are diverse soil-related bacterial pathogens. In this case report, we describe, to our knowledge, the first report of septic arthritis in a native hip...
Uncommon Septic Arthritis of the Hip Joint in an Immunocompetent Adult Patient Due to and Managed with Long-Term Treatment with Linezolid: A Case Report and Short Literature Review.
The and genera are diverse soil-related bacterial pathogens. In this case report, we describe, to our knowledge, the first report of septic arthritis in a native hip joint in an immunocompetent adult patient caused by and . We describe the case of a 39-year-old Caucasian male patient who sought medical advice for chronic pain on the mobilization of the right hip, decreased range of motion, and physical asthenia. The patient underwent a surgical intervention (core decompression) for a right osteonecrosis of the femoral head, with a slightly favorable postoperative evolution after surgery for one month. Surgical treatment was planned on the basis of clinical and paraclinical investigations and the joint damage. The hip was explored using an anterior approach under spinal anesthesia and standard antibiotic prophylaxis. After resection of the femoral head, meticulous debridement of all inflammatory tissues was performed, and a preformed temporary spacer was inserted into the femoral canal. Bacteriological laboratory studies identified and via matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. The patient initially received nine days of empirical therapy with intravenous antibiotics (linezolid and meropenem). After the bacterial strains were identified, the patient received organism-specific antibiotic therapy with the same antibiotics and dose for eight days until discharge. After discharge, the patient was referred to another hospital, where he continued treatment with linezolid for seven weeks and, after that, four weeks of oral therapy with cotrimoxazole and rifampicin. During this period, no severe or potentially life-threatening adverse events were recorded during long-term treatment with linezolid or with the two oral antibiotics. In conclusion, our findings suggest that long-term treatment with linezolid may be a viable option for the management of bone and joint infections caused by and .
PubMed: 38139869
DOI: 10.3390/ph16121743 -
Microorganisms Sep 2023Cuban rice cultivars INCA LP-5 and INCA LP-7 are widely distributed in Cuba and Caribbean countries. Although there are studies about rhizospheric bacteria associated...
Cuban rice cultivars INCA LP-5 and INCA LP-7 are widely distributed in Cuba and Caribbean countries. Although there are studies about rhizospheric bacteria associated with these cultivars, there are no reports about their seed-associated bacteria. This study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from rice seeds and select those with the greatest plant growth-promoting traits. A total of nineteen bacterial strains from the genera , , , and were isolated from the husk and endosperm of rice seeds. The strains sp. S5-1, sp. S5-38, and sp. S7-1 were classified as the most promissory to increase rice growth as they demonstrated the presence of multiple plant growth-promoting traits such as the production of auxins, phosphate, and potassium solubilization, the production of siderophores, and the inhibition of the phytopathogen . The inoculation of strains of sp. and spp. in rice improves the height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of the shoot and root after 21 days post-inoculation in hydroponic assays. This study constitutes the first report on Cuban rice cultivars about the presence of endophytes in seeds and their potential to promote seedling growth. sp. S5-1, sp. S5-38, and sp. S7-1 were selected as the more promising strains for the development of bio-stimulators or bio-inoculants for Cuban rice crops.
PubMed: 37764161
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092317 -
Microorganisms Nov 2023The novel bacterial strain MBLB1776 was isolated from marine mud in Uljin, the Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-positive, spore-forming, non-motile, and...
The novel bacterial strain MBLB1776 was isolated from marine mud in Uljin, the Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-positive, spore-forming, non-motile, and non-flagellated rods. Growth was observed at a temperature range of 10-45 °C, pH range of 6.0-8.0, and NaCl concentrations of 0-4% (/). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that MBLB1776 belonged to the genus and was closely related to C4-5 (94.83% similarity). Anteiso-C, iso-C, C, and iso-C were the predominant fatty acids. Menaquinone 7 was identified as the major isoprenoid quinone. The major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Its whole genome was 6.3 Mb in size, with a G+C content of 55.8 mol%. Average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values were below the species delineation threshold. Gene function analysis revealed the presence of a complete C carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Intriguingly, MBLB1776 harbored carotenoid pigments, imparting an orange color to whole cells. Based on this comprehensive polyphasic taxonomy, the MBLB1776 strain represents a novel species within the genus , for which the name sp. nov is proposed. The type strain was MBLB1776 (=KCTC 43279 = JCM 34220). This is the first report of a carotenoid-producing sp.
PubMed: 38004730
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112719 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a key characteristic of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome, a chronic respiratory disorder. The mechanisms of CIH-induced...
AIM
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a key characteristic of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome, a chronic respiratory disorder. The mechanisms of CIH-induced metabolic disturbance and histopathological damage remain unclear.
METHODS
CIH-induced rats underwent daily 8-h CIH, characterized by oxygen levels decreasing from 21% to 8.5% over 4 min, remaining for 2 min, and quickly returning to 21% for 1 min. The control rats received a continuous 21% oxygen supply. The levels of hypersensitive C reactive protein (h-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were measured by ELISA. Histological analysis of the soft palates was conducted using HE staining. The microbial profiling of fecal samples was carried out by Accu16STM assay. Untargeted metabolomics of serum and soft palate tissue samples were analyzed by UPLC-MS. The protein expression of cAMP-related pathways in the soft palate was determined by Western blot.
RESULTS
After 28 h of CIH induction, a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed in the serum, along with mucosal layer thickening and soft palate tissue hypertrophy. CIH induction altered the diversity and composition of fecal microbiota, specifically reducing beneficial bacteria while increasing harmful bacteria/opportunistic pathogens. Notably, CIH induction led to a significant enrichment of genera such as , , , , , and genera. Meanwhile, Additionally, CIH induction had a notable impact on 108 serum marker metabolites. These marker metabolites, primarily involving amino acids, organic acids, and a limited number of flavonoids or sterols, were associated with protein transport, digestion and absorption, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, as well as cancer development. Furthermore, these differential serum metabolites significantly affected 175 differential metabolites in soft palate tissue, mainly related to cancer development, signaling pathways, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide precursor or intermediate metabolism, respiratory processes, and disease. Importantly, CIH induction could significantly affect the expression of the cAMP pathway in soft palate tissue.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that targeting differential metabolites in serum and soft palate tissue may represent a new approach to clinical intervention and treatment of OSA simulated by the CIH.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Chromatography, Liquid; Dysbiosis; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Hypoxia; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Metabolome; Oxygen; Amino Acids; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38283743
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1224396 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Jul 2023Over the past decades, antibiotic resistance has become a major clinical problem, and searching for new therapeutic strategies seems to be necessary. Using novel natural...
Over the past decades, antibiotic resistance has become a major clinical problem, and searching for new therapeutic strategies seems to be necessary. Using novel natural compounds, antimicrobial peptides, and bacteriophages is the most promising solution. In this study, various cationic metabolite-producer bacteria were isolated from different soil samples. Two isolates were identified as HS4 (accession number: MW791428) and HS5 (accession number: MW791430) based on biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences. The cationic compound in the fermentation broth was precipitated and purified with sodium tetraphenylborate salt. The purified cationic peptide was confirmed to be epsilon-poly-l-lysine by structural and molecular analysis using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Sodium dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of epsilon-poly-l-lysine was evaluated against ATCC 25923, ATCC 25922, ATCC 29212, ATCC 13880, and ATCC 13883 by microdilution method. Furthermore, the antibacterial effects of purified epsilon-poly-l-lysine in combination with two long non-contractile tail bacteriophages against vancomycin-resistant and colistin-resistant were investigated. The results indicated great antibacterial activity of epsilon-poly-l-lysine which was produced by two novel bacteria. The epsilon-poly-l-lysine as a potent cationic antimicrobial peptide is demonstrated to possess great antimicrobial activity against pathogenic and also antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Topics: Polylysine; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Paenibacillus polymyxa; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37477972
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001363 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024Screening of with antagonistic effects on paddy mold pathogens to provide strain resources for biological control of mold in L. screening of isolates antagonistic...
Screening of with antagonistic effects on paddy mold pathogens to provide strain resources for biological control of mold in L. screening of isolates antagonistic towards from rhizosphere soil of healthy paddy; classification and identification of antagonistic strains by biological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis; transcriptome sequencing after RNA extraction from Bacillus-treated ; and extraction of inhibitory crude proteins of by ammonium sulfate precipitation; inhibitory crude protein and spp. were treated separately for and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An antagonistic strain of , named B7, was identified as by 16S rDNA identification and phylogenetic evolutionary tree comparison analysis. Analysis of the transcriptome results showed that genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis such as antifungal protein were significantly downregulated. SEM results showed that the mycelium of underwent severe rupture after treatment with and antifungal proteins, respectively. In addition, the sporocarp changed less after treatment with , and the sporangium stalks had obvious folds. B7 has a good antagonistic effect against and has potential for biocontrol applications of paddy mold pathogens.
Topics: Paenibacillus polymyxa; Antifungal Agents; Phylogeny; Antibiosis; Bacillus; DNA, Ribosomal; Paenibacillus; Aspergillus
PubMed: 38396880
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042195 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Sep 2023Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus may be an underdiagnosed cause of neonatal sepsis.
BACKGROUND
Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus may be an underdiagnosed cause of neonatal sepsis.
METHODS
We prospectively enrolled a cohort of 800 full-term neonates presenting with a clinical diagnosis of sepsis at 2 Ugandan hospitals. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction specific to P. thiaminolyticus and to the Paenibacillus genus were performed on the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 631 neonates who had both specimen types available. Neonates with Paenibacillus genus or species detected in either specimen type were considered to potentially have paenibacilliosis, (37/631, 6%). We described antenatal, perinatal, and neonatal characteristics, presenting signs, and 12-month developmental outcomes for neonates with paenibacilliosis versus clinical sepsis due to other causes.
RESULTS
Median age at presentation was 3 days (interquartile range 1, 7). Fever (92%), irritability (84%), and clinical signs of seizures (51%) were common. Eleven (30%) had an adverse outcome: 5 (14%) neonates died during the first year of life; 5 of 32 (16%) survivors developed postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH) and 1 (3%) additional survivor had neurodevelopmental impairment without hydrocephalus.
CONCLUSIONS
Paenibacillus species was identified in 6% of neonates with signs of sepsis who presented to 2 Ugandan referral hospitals; 70% were P. thiaminolyticus. Improved diagnostics for neonatal sepsis are urgently needed. Optimal antibiotic treatment for this infection is unknown but ampicillin and vancomycin will be ineffective in many cases. These results highlight the need to consider local pathogen prevalence and the possibility of unusual pathogens when determining antibiotic choice for neonatal sepsis.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Neonatal Sepsis; Uganda; Sepsis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hydrocephalus; Disease Progression; Paenibacillus
PubMed: 37279589
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad337 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jun 2024Commercial β-galactosidases exhibit undesirable kinetic properties regarding substrate affinity (Michaelis-Menten constant [K] for lactose) and product inhibition...
Commercial β-galactosidases exhibit undesirable kinetic properties regarding substrate affinity (Michaelis-Menten constant [K] for lactose) and product inhibition (inhibitor constant [K] for galactose). An in silico screening of gene sequences was done and identified a putative β-galactosidase (Paenibacillus wynnii β-galactosidase, BgaPw) from the psychrophilic bacterium Paenibacillus wynnii. The cultivation of the wild-type P. wynnii strain resulted in very low β-galactosidase activities of a maximum of 150 nkat per liter of medium with o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (oNPGal) as substrate. The recombinant production of BgaPw in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) increased the yield ∼9,000-fold. Here, a volumetric activity of 1,350.18 ± 11.82 μkat/L was achieved in a bioreactor cultivation. The partly purified BgaPw showed a pH optimum at 7.0, a temperature maximum at 40°C, and an excellent stability at 8°C with a half-life of 77 d. Kinetic studies with BgaPw were done in milk or in milk-imitating synthetic buffer (Novo buffer), respectively. Remarkably, the K value of BgaPw with lactose was as low as 0.63 ± 0.045 mM in milk. It was found that the resulting products of lactose hydrolysis, namely galactose and glucose, did not inhibit the β-galactosidase activity of BgaPw, but instead showed a striking activating effect in both cases (up to 144%). In a comparison study in milk, lactose was completely hydrolyzed by BgaPw in 72 h at 8°C, whereas 2 other known β-galactosidases were less powerful and converted only about 90% of lactose in the same time. Finally, the formation of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) was demonstrated with the new BgaPw, starting with pharma-lactose (400 g/L). A GOS production of about 144 g/L was achieved after 24 h (36.0% yield).
Topics: beta-Galactosidase; Paenibacillus; Kinetics; Lactose; Milk; Animals; Galactose; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 38246536
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24122 -
Research Square Jul 2023With the advent of long-term human habitation in space and on the moon, understanding how the built environment microbiome of space habitats differs from Earth habits,...
BACKGROUND
With the advent of long-term human habitation in space and on the moon, understanding how the built environment microbiome of space habitats differs from Earth habits, and how microbes survive, proliferate and spread in space conditions, is coming more and more important. The Microbial Tracking mission series has been monitoring the microbiome of the International Space Station (ISS) for almost a decade. During this mission series, six unique strains of Gram-positive bacteria, including two spore-forming and three non-spore-forming species, were isolated from the environmental surfaces of the International Space Station (ISS).
RESULTS
The analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed <99% similarities with previously described bacterial species. To further explore their phylogenetic affiliation, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was undertaken. For all strains, the gyrB gene exhibited <93% similarity with closely related species, which proved effective in categorizing these ISS strains as novel species. Average ucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values, when compared to any known bacterial species, were less than <94% and 50% respectively for all species described here. Traditional biochemical tests, fatty acid profiling, polar lipid, and cell wall composition analyses were performed to generate phenotypic characterization of these ISS strains. A study of the shotgun metagenomic reads from the ISS samples, from which the novel species were isolated, showed that only 0.1% of the total reads mapped to the novel species, supporting the idea that these novel species are rare in the ISS environments. In-depth annotation of the genomes unveiled a variety of genes linked to amino acid and derivative synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, cofactors, vitamins, prosthetic groups, pigments, and protein metabolism. Further analysis of these ISS-isolated organisms revealed that, on average, they contain 46 genes associated with virulence, disease, and defense. The main predicted functions of these genes are: conferring resistance to antibiotics and toxic compounds, and enabling invasion and intracellular resistance. After conducting antiSMASH analysis, it was found that there are roughly 16 cluster types across the six strains, including β-lactone and type III polyketide synthase (T3PKS) clusters.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on these multi-faceted taxonomic methods, it was concluded that these six ISS strains represent five novel species, which we propose to name as follows: IIF3SC-B10 (=NRRL B-65660), , F6_8S_P_1A (=NRRL B-65661), , F6_8S_P_1B (=NRRL B- 65662 and DSMZ 115932), Paenibacillus vandeheii, F6_3S_P_1C(=NRRL B-65663 and DSMZ 115940), and F6_3S_P_2 T(=NRRL B-65664 and DSMZ 115943). Identifying and characterizing the genomes and phenotypes of novel microbes found in space habitats, like those explored in this study, is integral for expanding our genomic databases of space-relevant microbes. This approach offers the only reliable method to determine species composition, track microbial dispersion, and anticipate potential threats to human health from monitoring microbes on the surfaces and equipment within space habitats. By unraveling these microbial mysteries, we take a crucial step towards ensuring the safety and success of future space missions.
PubMed: 37461605
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3126314/v1 -
BMC Microbiology Jun 2024Bacterial antimicrobial resistance poses a severe threat to humanity, necessitating the urgent development of new antibiotics. Recent advances in genome sequencing offer...
BACKGROUND
Bacterial antimicrobial resistance poses a severe threat to humanity, necessitating the urgent development of new antibiotics. Recent advances in genome sequencing offer new avenues for antibiotic discovery. Paenibacillus genomes encompass a considerable array of antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), rendering these species as good candidates for genome-driven novel antibiotic exploration. Nevertheless, BGCs within Paenibacillus genomes have not been extensively studied.
RESULTS
We conducted an analysis of 554 Paenibacillus genome sequences, sourced from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, with a focused investigation involving 89 of these genomes via antiSMASH. Our analysis unearthed a total of 848 BGCs, of which 716 (84.4%) were classified as unknown. From the initial pool of 554 Paenibacillus strains, we selected 26 available in culture collections for an in-depth evaluation. Genomic scrutiny of these selected strains unveiled 255 BGCs, encoding non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, polyketide synthases, and bacteriocins, with 221 (86.7%) classified as unknown. Among these strains, 20 exhibited antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus, yet only six strains displayed activity against the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. We proceeded to focus on Paenibacillus brasilensis, which featured five new BGCs for further investigation. To facilitate detailed characterization, we constructed a mutant in which a single BGC encoding a novel antibiotic was activated while simultaneously inactivating multiple BGCs using a cytosine base editor (CBE). The novel antibiotic was found to be localized to the cell wall and demonstrated activity against both gram-positive bacteria and fungi. The chemical structure of the new antibiotic was elucidated on the basis of ESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The novel compound, with a molecular weight of 926, was named bracidin.
CONCLUSIONS
This study outcome highlights the potential of Paenibacillus species as valuable sources for novel antibiotics. In addition, CBE-mediated dereplication of antibiotics proved to be a rapid and efficient method for characterizing novel antibiotics from Paenibacillus species, suggesting that it will greatly accelerate the genome-based development of new antibiotics.
Topics: Paenibacillus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Multigene Family; Genome, Bacterial; Peptide Synthases; Polyketide Synthases; Bacteriocins; Biosynthetic Pathways; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Discovery
PubMed: 38937695
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03375-5