-
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Jul 2023Individuals with Panic Disorder (PD) often have impaired insight, which can impede their willingness to seek treatment. Cognitive processes, including metacognitive...
Individuals with Panic Disorder (PD) often have impaired insight, which can impede their willingness to seek treatment. Cognitive processes, including metacognitive beliefs, cognitive flexibility, and jumping to conclusions (JTC) may influence the degree of insight. By understanding the relationship between insight and these cognitive factors in PD, we can better identify individuals with such vulnerabilities to improve their insight. The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between metacognition, cognitive flexibility, and JTC with clinical and cognitive insight at pretreatment. We investigate the association among those factors' changes and changes in insight over treatment. Eighty-three patients diagnosed with PD received internet-based cognitive behavior therapy. Analyses revealed that metacognition was related to both clinical and cognitive insight, and cognitive flexibility was related to clinical insight at pre-treatment. Greater changes in metacognition were correlated with greater changes in clinical insight. Also, greater changes in cognitive flexibility were related to greater changes in cognitive insight. The current study extends previous studies suggesting potential relationships among insight, metacognition, and cognitive flexibility in PD. Determining the role of cognitive concepts in relation to insight may lead to new avenues for improving insight and can have implications for engagement and treatment-seeking behaviors.
Topics: Humans; Panic Disorder; Metacognition; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36880358
DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2023.2179539 -
Le Infezioni in Medicina 2023The history of pandemics spans centuries and has had a profound impact on human health, societies, and economies. Pandemics have caused fear, panic, and significant... (Review)
Review
The history of pandemics spans centuries and has had a profound impact on human health, societies, and economies. Pandemics have caused fear, panic, and significant morbidity and mortality rates throughout history. From the Athenian Plague in 430 BC to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, infectious diseases have posed a continuous threat to global health systems. The transition from hunter-gatherer societies to agrarian communities, increased trade and interaction between humans and animals, urbanization, travel rates, and the impact of a growing human population have all contributed to the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. Climate change and changes in land use further affect the transmission of pathogens and the distribution of disease-carrying vectors. Lessons from previous pandemics include the importance of early diagnosis and response, global cooperation and collaboration, strengthened healthcare systems, preparedness planning, public health education and communication, research and development, and adaptability and flexibility in response strategies. These lessons emphasize the significance of timely identification, swift action, sharing information and resources, investing in healthcare infrastructure, preparedness planning, effective communication, research advancements, and the ability to adapt measures as pandemics evolve. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced the need for a collaborative and coordinated global response to future pandemics. Governments, international bodies, healthcare organizations, and individuals could learn from the lessons of the past and apply them effectively to combat and mitigate the impact of future outbreaks. By prioritizing all the recommendations stated, the world can synergistically protect public health and minimize the devastating consequences of pandemics.
PubMed: 38075409
DOI: 10.53854/liim-3104-2 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Recently, there has been a growing interest in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, especially in specialties where visualization methods are... (Review)
Review
Recently, there has been a growing interest in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, especially in specialties where visualization methods are applied. AI is defined as a computer's ability to achieve human cognitive performance, which is accomplished through enabling computer "learning". This can be conducted in two ways, as machine learning and deep learning. Deep learning is a complex learning system involving the application of artificial neural networks, whose algorithms imitate the human form of learning. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy allows examination of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. In addition to the quality of endoscopic equipment and patient preparation, the performance of upper endoscopy depends on the experience and knowledge of the endoscopist. The application of artificial intelligence in endoscopy refers to computer-aided detection and the more complex computer-aided diagnosis. The application of AI in upper endoscopy is aimed at improving the detection of premalignant and malignant lesions, with special attention on the early detection of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus, the early detection of esophageal and stomach cancer and the detection of infection. Artificial intelligence reduces the workload of endoscopists, is not influenced by human factors and increases the diagnostic accuracy and quality of endoscopic methods.
PubMed: 37761229
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182862 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... Jun 2024Panic disorder (PD) is a common disabling condition characterized by recurrent panic attacks. Emotional and behavioral impairments are associated with functional...
BACKGROUND
Panic disorder (PD) is a common disabling condition characterized by recurrent panic attacks. Emotional and behavioral impairments are associated with functional connectivity (FC) and network abnormalities. We used the whole brain FC, modular networks, and graph-theory analysis to investigate extensive network profiles in PD.
METHOD
The functional MRI data from 82 PD and 97 controls were included. Intrinsic FC between each pair of 160 regions, 6 intra-networks, and 15 inter-networks were analyzed. The topological properties were explored.
RESULTS
PD patients showed altered FCs within the right insula, between frontal cortex-posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), frontal cortex-cerebellum, and PCC-occipital cortex (corrected P values < 0.001). Lower connections within the Sensorimotor Network (SMN) and SMN-Occipital Network (OCN) were detected (P values < 0.05). Various decreased global and local network features were found in PD (P values < 0.05). In addition, significant correlations were found between PD symptoms and nodal efficiency (Ne) in the insula (r = -0.273, P = 0.016), and the FC of the intra-insula (r = -0.226, P = 0.041).
CONCLUSIONS
PD patients present with abnormal functional brain networks, especially the decreased FC and Ne within insula, suggesting that dysfunction of information integration plays an important role in PD.
PubMed: 38870426
DOI: 10.47626/1516-4446-2023-3520 -
BMC Medical Genomics Oct 2023Whether the positive associations of blood lipids with psychiatric disorders are causal is uncertain. We conducted this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis...
BACKGROUND
Whether the positive associations of blood lipids with psychiatric disorders are causal is uncertain. We conducted this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to comprehensively investigate associations of blood lipids with psychiatric disorders.
METHODS
Univariable and multivariable models were established for MR analyses. Inverse variance-weighted (IVW) MR was employed as the main approach; weighted median and MR-Egger were used as sensitivity analysis methods. The possibility of violating MR assumptions was evaluated utilizing several sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity statistics, horizontal pleiotropy statistics, single SNP analysis, leave-one-out analysis and MR-PRESSO analysis. As instrumental variables, we screened 362 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) related to blood lipids from a recent genome-wide association study involving 76,627 individuals of European ancestry, with a genome-wide significance level of p < 5 × 10. Summary-level information for the six psychiatric disorders was extracted from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium.
RESULTS
We observed eight significant associations in univariable MR analysis, four of which were corroborated by multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis modified for the other three lipid traits: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level with the risk of PTSD (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85-0.97, p = 0.002) and AD (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.71-0.88, p < 0.001) and triglycerides (TG) level with the risk of MDD (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.003-1.03, p = 0.01) and panic disorder (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.74-0.92, p < 0.001). In addition, four associations were not significant in MVMR analysis after adjustment for three lipid traits: total cholesterol (TC) level with the risk of PTSD, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level with the risk of MDD and AD and TG level with the risk of AD.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results show that blood lipids and psychiatric disorders may be related in a causal manner. This shows that abnormal blood lipid levels may act as reliable biomarker of psychiatric disorders and as suitable targets for their prevention and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mental Disorders; Cholesterol, LDL; Lipids; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 37853421
DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01692-8 -
Human Genetics Aug 2023Leveraging genome-wide association statistics generated from a large study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; 29,612 cases and 122,656 controls) and UK Biobank (UKB;...
Leveraging genome-wide association statistics generated from a large study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; 29,612 cases and 122,656 controls) and UK Biobank (UKB; 4,024 phenotypes, up to 361,194 participants), we conducted a phenome-wide analysis of ALS genetic liability and identified 46 genetically correlated traits, such as fluid intelligence score (r = - 0.21, p = 1.74 × 10), "spending time in pub or social club" (r = 0.24, p = 2.77 × 10), non-work related walking (r = - 0.25, p = 1.95 × 10), college education (r = - 0.15, p = 7.08 × 10), "ever diagnosed with panic attacks (r = 0.39, p = 4.24 × 10), and "self-reported other gastritis including duodenitis" (r = 0.28, p = 1.4 × 10). To assess the putative directionality of these genetic correlations, we conducted a latent causal variable analysis, identifying significant genetic causality proportions (gĉp) linking ALS genetic liability to seven traits. While the genetic component of "self-reported other gastritis including duodenitis" showed a causal effect on ALS (gĉp = 0.50, p = 1.26 × 10), the genetic liability to ALS is potentially causal for multiple traits, also including an effect on "ever being diagnosed with panic attacks" (gĉp = 0.79, p = 5.011 × 10) and inverse effects on "other leisure/social group activities" (gĉp = 0.66, p = 1 × 10) and prospective memory result (gĉp = 0.35, p = 0.005). Our subsequent Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that some of these associations may be due to bidirectional effects. In conclusion, this phenome-wide investigation of ALS polygenic architecture highlights the widespread pleiotropy linking this disorder with several health domains.
Topics: Humans; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Genome-Wide Association Study; Duodenitis; Phenotype; Gastritis; Mendelian Randomization Analysis
PubMed: 36773064
DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02525-5 -
Cureus Nov 2023The ongoing conflict in Gaza has intensified challenges for patients with cancer. Restrictions have limited essential medical supplies, and the recent Israeli airstrike...
The ongoing conflict in Gaza has intensified challenges for patients with cancer. Restrictions have limited essential medical supplies, and the recent Israeli airstrike severely damaged Gaza's primary cancer hospital, causing widespread panic. The blockade has caused shortages, and damaged infrastructure has reduced access to care. Many patients seeking treatment outside Gaza face permit delays, and the psychological and economic strains further burden patients and their families. This editorial highlights the broader humanitarian crisis, emphasizing the need for international collaboration to support Gaza's most vulnerable.
PubMed: 38060746
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48371 -
BMC Cancer Jan 2024Observational studies have explored the association of psychiatric disorders and the risk of brain cancers. However, the causal effect of specific mental illness on...
BACKGROUND
Observational studies have explored the association of psychiatric disorders and the risk of brain cancers. However, the causal effect of specific mental illness on glioma remains elusive due to the lack of solid evidence.
METHODS
We performed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal relationships between 5 common psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and panic disorder) and glioma. Summary statistics for psychiatric disorders and glioma were extracted from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and 8 genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets respectively. We calculated the MR estimates for odds ratio of glioma associated with each psychiatric disorder by using inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method. Sensitivity analyses such as weighted median estimator, MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO were leveraged to assess the strength of causal inference.
RESULTS
A total of 30,657 participants of European ancestry were included in this study. After correction for multiple testing, we found that genetically predicted schizophrenia was associated with a statistically significant increase in odds of non-glioblastoma multiforme (non-GBM) (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.23, P = 0.0096). There is little evidence for the causal relationships between the other 4 psychiatric disorders with the risk of glioma.
CONCLUSIONS
In this MR analysis, we revealed an increased risk of non-GBM glioma in individuals with schizophrenia, which gives an insight into the etiology of glioma.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mental Disorders; Glioma
PubMed: 38262954
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11865-y -
Psychiatry and Clinical... Sep 2023Gray matter alterations play a role in the panic disorder's pathophysiology origin. However, the current literature seemed inadequate to reach a consistent conclusion....
BACKGROUND
Gray matter alterations play a role in the panic disorder's pathophysiology origin. However, the current literature seemed inadequate to reach a consistent conclusion. Therefore, we conducted this gray matter meta-analysis on panic disorder.
METHODS
A systematic review and a voxel-wise meta-analysis based on voxel-based morphometry were conducted for the gray matter studies in patients with panic disorder. The Seed-based d Mapping toolbox was applied for the voxel-wise meta-analysis. Fourteen gray matter studies (954 subjects) were enrolled in the current meta-analysis. The subgroup analysis of typical-onset versus late-onset patients was also performed. At last, the clinical severity was meta-regressed with gray matter alterations.
RESULTS
Significant gray matter alterations were found in the left para-cingulate gyrus and the right amygdala of panic disorder patients. The subgroup analysis of typical-onset panic disorder patients showed a similar pattern. However, gray matter alterations were demonstrated in the bilateral opercular cortex of late-onset panic disorder patients. A significant association between the clinical severity and the gray matter alterations was found in the fronto-cingulate regions of panic disorder patients.
CONCLUSION
Gray matter alterations might represent a significant pillar of panic disorder's neurobiology, especially for the amygdala, cingulate, and frontal regions. Future gray matter studies in panic disorder should be needed to reconfirm this pattern of gray matter alterations.
PubMed: 38765308
DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2023.23684