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Journal of Affective Disorders Oct 2023Maternal and paternal perinatal depression and anxiety are theorised to adversely impact infant development. Yet, few studies have assessed both mental health symptoms...
BACKGROUND
Maternal and paternal perinatal depression and anxiety are theorised to adversely impact infant development. Yet, few studies have assessed both mental health symptoms and clinical diagnoses within the one study. Moreover, research on fathers is limited. This study therefore aimed to examine the association between symptoms and diagnoses of maternal and paternal perinatal depression and anxiety with infant development.
METHOD
Data were from the Triple B Pregnancy Cohort Study. Participants included 1539 mothers and 793 partners. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and agoraphobia were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview in trimester three. Infant development was assessed at 12-months using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development.
RESULTS
Antepartum, maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with poorer infant social-emotional (d = -0.11, p = .025) and language development (d = -0.16, p = .001). At 8-weeks postpartum, maternal anxiety symptoms were associated with poorer overall development (d = -0.11, p = .030). No association was observed for clinical diagnoses in mothers, nor paternal depressive and anxiety symptoms or clinical diagnoses; albeit risk estimates were largely in the expected direction of adverse effects on infant development.
CONCLUSIONS
Evidence suggests that maternal perinatal depression and anxiety symptoms may adversely impact infant development. Effects were small but findings underscore the importance of prevention, early screening and intervention, alongside consideration of other risk factors during early critical periods.
Topics: Male; Female; Pregnancy; Infant; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Depression; Cohort Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Fathers; Mothers; Depression, Postpartum
PubMed: 37302506
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.020 -
Comprehensive Psychiatry Apr 2024Impulsivity is a common cognitive issue across several psychiatric illnesses but is most frequently associated with the DSM-5 Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct...
PURPOSE
Impulsivity is a common cognitive issue across several psychiatric illnesses but is most frequently associated with the DSM-5 Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders, ADHD, and addictive disorders. We hypothesized that a wide range of psychiatric disorders would be associated with elevated impulsivity, not just those commonly linked to impulsiveness. This study aimed to explore the relationship between impulsivity and various psychiatric disorders in young adults.
PROCEDURES
700 non-treatment seeking participants (aged 18-29 years) were enrolled from the general community, provided demographic information, and underwent a psychiatric evaluation to screen for various psychiatric disorders. Each participant then completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), a self-report measure of impulsivity, followed by the Stop Signal Task (SST), a computerized stop-attention task that measures impulse control. Impulsivity levels across psychiatric disorders were examined by analyzing z-scores relative to controls.
MAIN FINDINGS
Patients with bulimia nervosa, comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia, and borderline personality disorder showed the highest levels of attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsivity, respectively. The effect size of the difference in total BIS impulsivity was large (d > 0.8) for several conditions including eating, personality, addictive, and mood disorders. The effect size of the difference in impulsivity was not large for any of the measures of ADHD. As compared to other psychiatric disorders analyzed, trichotillomania showed the greatest levels of impulsivity as measured by SST.
PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS
This data indicates that a wide range of psychiatric disorders exhibit heightened impulsivity with findings differing across various cognitive domains. Comorbidity resulted in unique findings of elevated impulsivity. This may suggest utility in viewing impulsivity as a transdiagnostic factor for a broad range of psychiatric disorders. Future studies should analyze comorbidities and whether patient psychiatric medication impacts these findings.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Impulsive Behavior; Personality Disorders; Mood Disorders; Trichotillomania; Behavior, Addictive
PubMed: 38184857
DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152449 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2023Evidence for clinically meaningful benefits of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been rapidly accumulating over the past 15 years. This relatively... (Review)
Review
Evidence for clinically meaningful benefits of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been rapidly accumulating over the past 15 years. This relatively novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique has been applied to a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. More recently, non-invasive forms of VNS have allowed for investigations within healthy aging populations. These results offer insight into protocol considerations specific to older adults and how to translate those results into effective clinical trials and, ultimately, effective clinical care. In this review, we characterize the possible mechanisms by which non-invasive VNS may promote healthy aging (e.g., neurotransmitter effects, inflammation regulation, functional connectivity changes), special considerations for applying non-invasive VNS in an older adult population (e.g., vagus nerve changes with age), and how non-invasive VNS may be used in conjunction with existing behavioral interventions (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive training) to promote healthy emotional and cognitive aging.
PubMed: 37575296
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1184051 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Aug 2023There is a lack of knowledge concerning loneliness and psychiatric disorders other than anxiety and depression in patients with atopic dermatitis. This cross-sectional...
There is a lack of knowledge concerning loneliness and psychiatric disorders other than anxiety and depression in patients with atopic dermatitis. This cross-sectional study was conducted within the Lifelines Cohort Study, in the Netherlands, by sending an atopic dermatitis questionnaire to adult participants (n = 135,950) in 2020. Psychiatric disorders were measured with a self-reported question and validated instrument (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; M.I.N.I.), and loneliness was assessed with the validated 6-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. In total, 56,896 subjects (mean age 55.8 years, 39.7% males) were included. Atopic dermatitis showed positive associations with self-reported chronic fatigue syndrome, burnout, depression, social phobia, panic disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and eating disorder in the participants' lifetimes. Based on the M.I.N.I., atopic dermatitis was positively associated with panic disorder and at least 1 anxiety disorder. In addition, subjects with atopic dermatitis were more likely to experience loneliness compared with those without atopic dermatitis. These associations were observed only in the moderate-to-severe, but not mild, atopic dermatitis group. This study raises awareness that a significant proportion of adults with atopic dermatitis feel lonely and are affected by several psychiatric disorders, especially those severely affected by atopic dermatitis. Further studies are required to evaluate if interdisciplinary care, such as the collaboration between dermatologists and psychiatrists, could optimize medical care for this vulnerable patient group.
Topics: Male; Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Female; Loneliness; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Dermatitis, Atopic; Anxiety; Mental Disorders; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 37605893
DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.9378 -
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine Sep 2023In anxiety disorders, culture is important in symptom presentation and help-seeking. Most tools for anxiety disorders are not validated in India and thus might not...
BACKGROUND
In anxiety disorders, culture is important in symptom presentation and help-seeking. Most tools for anxiety disorders are not validated in India and thus might not capture culture-specific aspects of anxiety. This study aims to identify and generate culturally specific terms to describe symptoms of anxiety as part of the development of the Kannada version of the Panic and Anxiety National Indian Questionnaire (PANIQ). The PANIQ is a tool under development to identify anxiety and panic in Indian settings.
METHODS
This study used qualitative methods like focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) to identify and generate items related to anxiety and panic in Kannada from stakeholders like individuals with anxiety disorders, their caregivers, healthcare workers, and mental health professionals who treat individuals with anxiety and panic disorders. Five FGDs ( = 28), one triad ( = 3), and 34 IDIs ( = 34) were conducted.
RESULTS
The mean age of the participants was 38.9 (standard deviation: 12.28) years; 57.1% were from rural areas. We generated 615 Kannada items. These were classified into 21 domains and facets. Items in domains like Somatic symptoms, Fear, and Impairment in day-to-day life were higher than those noted in existing tools for anxiety that focus more on cognitive symptoms of anxiety.
CONCLUSIONS
This study generated culturally specific items of anxiety through a qualitative process of tool development incorporating subjective experiences of persons with anxiety disorders and other stakeholders. This is among the first steps toward the development of PANIQ.
PubMed: 37772136
DOI: 10.1177/02537176221140742 -
JCPP Advances Mar 2024Dissociative experiences have been linked to panic symptoms in adolescents, yet the nature of the association remains unclear.
BACKGROUND
Dissociative experiences have been linked to panic symptoms in adolescents, yet the nature of the association remains unclear.
METHODS
In the present study, we investigated the longitudinal relationship between dissociative experiences (focusing on the felt sense of anomaly subtype) and panic, as well as the potential mediating roles of emotion regulation strategies (expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal), alexithymia, and cognitive appraisals of dissociation. Four thousand five hundred one adolescents aged 13-18 years were recruited via social media advertising to take part in an online survey at two timepoints, 1 month apart.
RESULTS
Analysis of 421 datasets found a significant positive relationship between initial dissociative experiences and panic symptoms reported 1 month later. This was mediated by the emotion regulation strategy of cognitive reappraisal, and cognitive appraisals of dissociation. These two variables were no longer significant mediators when controlling for panic symptoms at the first time point, likely due to the stability of panic symptoms across both assessments. Neither alexithymia nor expressive suppression were significant mediators.
CONCLUSIONS
Thus, dissociative experiences that are persistently misinterpreted in a catastrophic manner may lead to escalating anxiety and panic symptoms, which could in turn heighten and maintain the feared dissociation sensation. These results indicate that dissociative experiences are associated with panic symptoms in adolescence, with cognitive appraisals of dissociation and cognitive reappraisal playing a role in this relationship.
PubMed: 38486953
DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12202 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Dec 2023This study was to investigate the causal relationship between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and psychiatric disorders by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
OBJECTIVES
This study was to investigate the causal relationship between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and psychiatric disorders by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A two-sample bidirectional MR analysis was adopted to systematically explore the causal relationship between TMD and eight psychiatric traits, including anxiety disorder (AD), panic disorder (PD), major depressive disorder (MDD), neuroticism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BIP), and schizophrenia (SCZ). Inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression were used in my study. Furthermore, we also performed three sensitivity analyses to illustrate the reliability of the analysis.
RESULTS
Two psychiatric traits have risk effects on TMD: PD (OR = 1.118, 95% CI: 1.047-1.194, P = 8.161 × 10, MDD (OR = 1.961, 95% CI: 1.450-2.653, P = 1.230 × 10). Despite not surpassing the strict Bonferroni correction applied (P > 0.00625), we could think that there was a suggestive causal effect of neuroticism and SCZ increasing the risk of TMD. On the reverse MR analysis, we found no significant evidence of causal effects of TMD on these psychiatric traits. Except for heterogeneity in the causal analysis for SCZ on TMD, no heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were detected in the other analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
Our two-sample MR study has provided further evidence of PD and MDD being related to a higher risk of TMD.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
These findings highlight the importance of closely monitoring mental traits during future TMD treatments to prevent an increased risk of TMD.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Genome-Wide Association Study
PubMed: 37907704
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05339-x -
Nature Neuroscience Jan 2024Panic disorder is characterized by uncontrollable fear accompanied by somatic symptoms that distinguish it from other anxiety disorders. Neural mechanisms underlying...
Panic disorder is characterized by uncontrollable fear accompanied by somatic symptoms that distinguish it from other anxiety disorders. Neural mechanisms underlying these unique symptoms are not completely understood. Here, we report that the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-expressing neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus projecting to the dorsal raphe are crucial for panic-like behavioral and physiological alterations. These neurons are activated by panicogenic stimuli but inhibited in conditioned fear and anxiogenic conditions. Activating these neurons elicits strong defensive behaviors and rapid cardiorespiratory increase without creating aversive memory, whereas inhibiting them attenuates panic-associated symptoms. Chemogenetic or pharmacological inhibition of downstream PACAP receptor-expressing dorsal raphe neurons abolishes panic-like symptoms. The pontomesencephalic PACAPergic pathway is therefore a likely mediator of panicogenesis, and may be a promising therapeutic target for treating panic disorder.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Anxiety; Medically Unexplained Symptoms; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Fear; Behavior, Animal
PubMed: 38177337
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01504-3 -
JAMA Network Open Nov 2023Anxiety disorders are associated with poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are thought to be disproportionally burdened... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
Anxiety disorders are associated with poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are thought to be disproportionally burdened by these disorders, yet their prevalence is unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of 6 anxiety and related disorders among perinatal women in LMICs.
DATA SOURCES
Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception until September 7, 2023.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies conducted in World Bank-defined LMICs and reporting prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, or adjustment disorder during the perinatal period (conception to 12 months post partum) using a validated method were included.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline. Study eligibility, extracted data, and risk of bias of included studies were assessed by 2 independent reviewers. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled point prevalence. Subgroup analyses were performed by specific anxiety disorder.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Main outcomes were prevalence estimates of each anxiety disorder, measured as percentage point estimates and corresponding 95% CIs.
RESULTS
At total of 10 617 studies were identified, 203 of which met the inclusion criteria and reported the outcomes of 212 318 women from 33 LMICs. Generalized anxiety disorder was the most reported (184 studies [90.6%]) and most prevalent disorder at 22.2% (95% CI, 19.4%-25.0%; n = 173 553). Posttraumatic stress disorder was the second most prevalent (8.3%; 95% CI, 5.0%-12.2%; 33 studies; n = 22 452). Adjustment disorder was least prevalent (2.9%; 95% CI, 0.0%-14.1%; 2 studies; n = 475). The prevalence of generalized anxiety varied by country income status, with the highest prevalence among lower-middle-income countries (27.6%; 95% CI, 21.6%-33.9%; 59 studies; n = 25 109), followed by low-income (24.0%; 95% CI, 15.3%-33.8%; 11 studies; n = 4961) and upper-middle-income (19.1%; 95% CI, 16.0%-22.4%; 110 studies; n = 138 496) countries.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
These findings suggest that 1 in 5 women living in LMICs experience anxiety disorders during pregnancy and post partum. Targeted action is needed to reduce this high burden.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Developing Countries; Prevalence; Anxiety Disorders; Anxiety; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 37976063
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43711 -
Journal of Biomolecular Structure &... 2023Monkeypox is a possible public health concern that requires appropriate attention in order to prevent the spread of the disease. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI)...
Monkeypox is a possible public health concern that requires appropriate attention in order to prevent the spread of the disease. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) is making a significant impact on precision medicine, reshaping and integrating the large amount of data derived from multiomics analyses and revolutionizing the deep-learning strategies. There has been a significant progress in the use of AI to detect, screen, diagnose, and classify diseases, characterize virus genomes, assess biomarkers for prognostic and predictive purposes, and develop follow-up strategies. Hence, it is possible to use AI for the identification of disease clusters, cases monitoring, forecasting the future outbreak, determining mortality risk, diagnosing, managing, and identifying patterns for studying disease trends. AI may also be utilized to assist gene therapy and other therapies that we are not currently able to use in healthcare. It is possible to combine pharmacology and gene therapy with regenerative medicine with the help of AI. It will directly benefit the public in overcoming fear and panic of health risks. Therefore, AI can be an effective weapon to fight against Monkeypox infection, and may prove to be an invaluable future tool in improving the clinical management of patients. Key Points: Emergence and spread of the Monkeypox virus is a new public health crisis; threatening the world. This opinion piece highlights the urgently required information for immediate delivery of solutions on controlling and monitoring the spread of Monkeypox infection through Artificial IntelligenceCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
PubMed: 36218112
DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2134214