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European Review For Medical and... Nov 2023Bladder urothelial carcinoma is a rare condition that primarily affects the elderly and is rare in people under 40 years of age. There is no definitive information about...
OBJECTIVE
Bladder urothelial carcinoma is a rare condition that primarily affects the elderly and is rare in people under 40 years of age. There is no definitive information about the prognosis and clinical behavior of bladder cancer in young individuals. In our study, we aimed to investigate the prognosis and clinicopathological features of bladder tumors in patients under 40.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed on patients diagnosed with urothelial neoplasia who underwent bladder surgery between January 2008 and December 2020. The patient's medical records in our cancer database were collected. The study included stage, grade, multifocality, smoking habits, recurrence, and survival. The cases were divided into two groups: those under 40 (Group 1) and those over 40 (Group 2). The clinical and pathological features of young and old patients were compared.
RESULTS
17 patients (14 men and 3 women) under 40 were identified. The age ranged between 19 and 40, and the average was 30.6. One infiltrating urothelial carcinoma (pT1), twelve papillary urothelial carcinomas (pTa), two papillary urothelial neoplasias with low malignant potential, and two urothelial papillomas were all identified by pathology. Dysuria was the primary symptom that initially manifested. Recurrence occurred in two of 12 patients with low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma in the young patient group. In a similar group of patients over 40, recurrence was detected in 7 out of 10 patients. Patients with urothelial carcinoma under the age of 40 have been noted to have single, small tumors, unlike older patients. No tumor progression was detected in young patients. All young patients are still alive and have not experienced any recurrences. In the group of older patients, tumor progression was observed in 11 patients (16.4%).
CONCLUSIONS
Patients under 40 typically have low-grade and low-stage bladder urothelial cancer. Because urothelial tumors in young people frequently have a good prognosis and seldom recur, transurethral excision is the preferred treatment method for bladder tumors.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Adolescent; Aged; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Retrospective Studies; Prognosis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
PubMed: 37975369
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202311_34320 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology Nov 2023The treatment of unresectable or metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) has traditionally relied on chemotherapy or radiotherapy, yielding suboptimal... (Review)
Review
The treatment of unresectable or metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) has traditionally relied on chemotherapy or radiotherapy, yielding suboptimal outcomes. The introduction of immunotherapy has significantly improved HNSCC treatment, even if the long-term results cannot be defined as satisfactory. Its mechanism of action aims to counteract the blockade of tumor immune escape. This result can also be obtained by stimulating the immune system with vaccines. This review scope is to comprehensively gather existing evidence and summarize ongoing clinical trials focused on therapeutic vaccines for HNSCC treatment. The current landscape reveals numerous promising drugs in the early stages of experimentation, along with a multitude of trials that have been suspended or abandoned for years. Nonetheless, there are encouraging results and ongoing experiments that instill hope for potential paradigm shifts in HNSCC therapy.
PubMed: 37998754
DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110577 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2023Aiming to further the Immunization Partners in Asia Pacific (IPAP)'s vision of a world where no one suffers from a vaccine preventable disease, the 8 Asian Vaccine...
Aiming to further the Immunization Partners in Asia Pacific (IPAP)'s vision of a world where no one suffers from a vaccine preventable disease, the 8 Asian Vaccine Conference (ASVAC 2022) was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka and virtually from 15 to 18, September 2022 (www.asianvaccine.com). This conference followed those held in Siem Reap, Cambodia (2009), Manila, Philippines (2010), Jakarta, Indonesia (2011), Cebu, Philippines (2013), Hanoi, Vietnam (2015), Singapore (2017) and Naypyidaw and Yangon, Myanmar (2019). The ASVAC2022 themed "," commenced with the EPI Managers' Workshop, followed by pre-conference workshops and Vaccinology Masterclass, followed by the main conference featuring 5 plenary lectures, 6 partner-led symposia, free paper and poster presentations, and industry-supported lunch and evening sessions. There were over 1830 registered participants, with 112 attending in person and 998 virtually from 63 countries. The conference was organized by IPAP and hosted by the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Forum of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka College of Pediatricians, Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists and College of General Practitioners of Sri Lanka, with the support of the Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka. The 9 ASVAC is scheduled to be held in Davao City, Philippines in late 2023.
Topics: Humans; Philippines; Vaccines; Indonesia; Vaccination; Sri Lanka
PubMed: 36655357
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2165360 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), involves the palatine tonsils, soft palate, base of tongue, and... (Review)
Review
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), involves the palatine tonsils, soft palate, base of tongue, and uvula, with the ability to spread to adjacent subsites. Personalized treatment strategies for Human Papillomavirus-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (HPVOPSCC) are yet to be established. In this article, we summarise our current understanding of the pathogenesis of HPVOPSCC, the intrinsic role of the immune system, current ICI clinical trials, and the potential role of small molecule immunotherapy in HPVOPSCC.
Topics: Humans; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Immune System; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Immunotherapy; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 38474047
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052798 -
European Journal of Obstetrics &... Sep 2023Recent studies reported that complementary therapy including dietary supplements may has a beneficial role in cervical cancer. However, the results are inconsistent.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Recent studies reported that complementary therapy including dietary supplements may has a beneficial role in cervical cancer. However, the results are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the association between cervical cancer and dietary supplements.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted to summarize and quantify the most recent findings on dietary supplement and cervical cancer. Several databases were checked for relevant publications published in English up to March 2023. Of the 32 articles identified, only 20 met the inclusion criteria and were included.
RESULTS
Women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia may benefit from folate supplementation against oxidative stress and inflammation. Vitamin D may reduce oxidative stress and may have a therapeutic effect. Zinc promotes the clearance of the human papilloma virus and reduces the chance of viral infection. The use of probiotic supplements may improve the complications associated with chemotherapy in patients with cervical cancer, such as diarrhea and abdominal pain. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy complications may also be reduced by omega-3 fatty acids.
CONCLUSION
Some dietary supplements including folate, vitamin D, zinc, probiotics, and omega-3 fatty acids may have beneficial effects in patients with cervical cancer. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results.
PubMed: 37575366
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2023.100217 -
Cell Reports Jul 2023Cancers often display immune escape, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Herein, we identify SMYD3 as a mediator of immune escape in human papilloma virus...
Cancers often display immune escape, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Herein, we identify SMYD3 as a mediator of immune escape in human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an aggressive disease with poor response to immunotherapy with pembrolizumab. SMYD3 depletion induces upregulation of multiple type I interferon (IFN) response and antigen presentation machinery genes in HNSCC cells. Mechanistically, SMYD3 binds to and regulates the transcription of UHRF1, encoding for a reader of H3K9me3, which binds to H3K9me3-enriched promoters of key immune-related genes, recruits DNMT1, and silences their expression. SMYD3 further maintains the repression of immune-related genes through intragenic deposition of H4K20me3. In vivo, Smyd3 depletion induces influx of CD8 T cells and increases sensitivity to anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) therapy. SMYD3 overexpression is associated with decreased CD8 T cell infiltration and poor response to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab. These data support combining SMYD3 depletion strategies with checkpoint blockade to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance in HPV-negative HNSCC.
Topics: Humans; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; Interferon Type I; Papillomavirus Infections; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
PubMed: 37463106
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112823 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2023As global supply is still inadequate to address the worldwide requirements for HPV vaccines, we assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a new bivalent HPV16/18... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
As global supply is still inadequate to address the worldwide requirements for HPV vaccines, we assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a new bivalent HPV16/18 vaccine. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial, healthy 9-45-year-old Chinese females in three age cohorts (600 aged 9-17 years; 240 aged 18-26 years; 360 aged 27-45 years) were randomized 1:1 to receive three doses (0,2,6 months) of HPV16/18 vaccine or placebo. We measured neutralizing antibodies against HPV 16 and 18 at 7 months and monitored safety to 12 months in all age cohorts; 9-17-year-old girls were monitored for safety and immunogenicity to 48 months. In vaccinees, 99.8% seroconverted for HPV 16 and 18 types at 7 months; respective GMTs of 5827 (95% CI: 5249, 6468) and 4223 (3785, 4713) were significantly ( < .001) higher than controls for all comparisons. GMTs in the 9-17-year-olds, which were significantly higher than in older women at 7 months, gradually declined to 48 months but remained higher than placebo with seropositivity rates maintained at 98.5% and 97.6% against HPV 16 and 18, respectively. Adverse events occurred at similar rates after vaccine and placebo (69.8% vs. 72.5%, = .308), including solicited local reactions and systemic adverse events which were mainly mild-to-moderate. The bivalent HPV16/18 vaccine was well tolerated and induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies in all age groups which persisted at high levels to 48 months in the 9-17-year-old age group which would be the target for HPV vaccination campaigns.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Double-Blind Method; East Asian People; Human papillomavirus 16; Human papillomavirus 18; Immunogenicity, Vaccine; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Vaccines, Combined
PubMed: 37249310
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2209001