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Nutrients Dec 2023Numerous observational studies have documented an association between the circadian rhythm and the composition of the gut microbiota. However, the bidirectional causal...
BACKGROUND
Numerous observational studies have documented an association between the circadian rhythm and the composition of the gut microbiota. However, the bidirectional causal effect of the morning chronotype on the gut microbiota is unknown.
METHODS
A two-sample Mendelian randomization study was performed, using the summary statistics of the morning chronotype from the European Consortium and those of the gut microbiota from the largest available genome-wide association study meta-analysis, conducted by the MiBioGen consortium. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW), weighted mode, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and simple mode methods were used to examine the causal association between the morning chronotype and the gut microbiota. A reverse Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted on the gut microbiota, which was identified as causally linked to the morning chronotype in the initial Mendelian randomization analysis. Cochran's Q statistics were employed to assess the heterogeneity of the instrumental variables.
RESULTS
Inverse variance-weighted estimates suggested that the morning chronotype had a protective effect on Family ( = -0.072; 95% CI: -0.143, -0.001; = 0.047), Genus ( = -0.112; 95% CI: -0.184, -0.039; = 0.002), and Genus ( = -0.072; 95% CI: -0.143, -0.001; = 0.047). In addition, the gut microbiota (Family (OR = 0.925; 95% CI: 0.857, 0.999; = 0.047), Genus (OR = 0.915; 95% CI: 0.858, 0.975; = 0.007), and Genus (OR = 0.925; 95% CI: 0.857, 0.999; = 0.047)) demonstrated positive effects on the morning chronotype. No significant heterogeneity in the instrumental variables, or in horizontal pleiotropy, was found.
CONCLUSION
This two-sample Mendelian randomization study found that Family , Genus , and Genus were causally associated with the morning chronotype. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the effects of the gut microbiota on the morning chronotype, as well as their specific protective mechanisms.
Topics: Bacteroides; Bacteroidetes; Chronotype; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis
PubMed: 38201876
DOI: 10.3390/nu16010046 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2023The change in temperature will change the composition of intestinal microorganisms of juvenile , and the composition of intestinal microorganisms will affect the growth...
The change in temperature will change the composition of intestinal microorganisms of juvenile , and the composition of intestinal microorganisms will affect the growth and development of juvenile crabs. In order to explore the relationship between intestinal microorganisms and growth of at different temperatures, the status of growth and intestinal microflora of juvenile reared at different water temperatures (15 °C, 23 °C, and 30 °C) were compared in this study. The results showed that the respective survival rate of juvenile in the three water temperature groups was 100%, 87.5%, and 64.44%. Moreover, the molting rate increased with an increase in water temperature, which was at 0%, 10%, and 71.11% for the three respective temperature groups. The average weight gain rate showed an overall increasing trend with the increase of water temperature. Moreover, the final fatness of the crabs in the 30 °C water temperature group was significantly lower than that in the 15 °C and 23 °C groups ( < 0.05); there was no significant difference in the liver-to-body ratio among the three groups. The results of the alpha diversity analysis of the 16S rRNA data revealed that there was no significant difference in the intestinal microbial abundance among the three water temperature groups; however, the intestinal microbial diversity in the 23 °C water temperature group was significantly lower than that in the 15 °C and 30 °C groups. At the phylum level, the dominant flora of the three groups was Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota. At the genus level, the abundance of and in the intestine of the crabs in the 30 °C water temperature group was significantly higher than that in the 15 °C and 23 °C groups ( < 0.05). The function prediction showed that the main functional diversity of intestinal microflora of juvenile in the three water temperature groups was similar and mainly involved in metabolic-related functions, but there were still differences in the effects of water temperature on functional pathways such as metabolism, immunity, and growth among each group, either promoting or inhibiting. In conclusion, different water temperatures can affect the composition and function of intestinal flora of , and 23 °C-30 °C is the optimal water temperature for the growth of juvenile .
PubMed: 37520823
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1163055 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota dysbiosis is related to synovitis and tenosynovitis. Nonetheless, whether these associations are causal is currently...
BACKGROUND
Increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota dysbiosis is related to synovitis and tenosynovitis. Nonetheless, whether these associations are causal is currently unknown.
OBJECTIVES
A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to reveal the causality of gut microbiota with synovitis and tenosynovitis.
METHODS
The summary statistical data from a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) were applied as the basis for a two-sample MR analysis. The causal effect was estimated using inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, simple mode, MR-Egger, and weighted mode methods, of which IVW was the important method. Meanwhile, the pleiotropy and heterogeneity were detected and measured using MR-Egger regression, Cochran's Q statistics, funnel plots, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods.
RESULTS
The IVW technique demonstrated that genetically predicted five genera, namely [odds ratio (OR) = 0.999, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.9977, 0.9998), = 0.019], [OR = 0.999, 95% CI: (0.9971, 0.9999), = 0.036], [OR = 0.998, 95% CI: (0.9954, 0.9999), = 0.041], [OR = 0.997, 95% CI: (0.9955, 0.9994), = 0.011], and [OR = 0.997, 95% CI: (0.9954, 0.9992), = 0.006] were negatively correlated with the risk of synovitis and tenosynovitis, while two other genera, namely [OR = 1.003, 95% CI: (1.0004, 1.0049), = 0.019] and [OR = 1.003, 95% CI: (1.0002, 1.0052), = 0.035] were positively associated with synovitis and tenosynovitis risk. In addition, the data of sensitivity analyses demonstrated that there were no outliers, horizontal pleiotropy, or heterogeneity in the causal relationship of the above-mentioned gut microbiota on synovitis and tenosynovitis ( > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The results of the study suggested that the gut microbiota was causally involved in synovitis and tenosynovitis and identified specific bacterial taxa that affect synovitis and tenosynovitis, which provide new insights into the pathogenesis underlying the development of synovitis and tenosynovitis mediated by gut microbiota.
PubMed: 38746746
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1355725 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023To investigate the effect of short-term very-low-calorie restriction (VLCR) on metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and elucidate the molecular mechanism...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
To investigate the effect of short-term very-low-calorie restriction (VLCR) on metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and elucidate the molecular mechanism through analyses on gut microbiota and small-molecule metabolites.
METHODS
Fourteen T2D patients were hospitalized to receive VLCR (300-600 kcal/d) for 9 days. BMI, BP, and HR were taken before and after VLCR. Levels of blood lipids, fasting insulin, FBG, and 2h PBG were assessed. The microbial diversity in feces was detected by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology, and small-molecule metabolites in plasma and feces by untargeted metabolomics technology.
RESULTS
After VLCR, BW, BMI, WC, BP, and levels of FBG and 2h PBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride decreased significantly in T2D patients (<0.05). There was no significant change in the α-diversity of fecal microbiota, but the abundance of increased significantly, and the ratio decreased significantly from 11.79 to 4.20. showed an abundance having increased most prominently after VLCR treatment. Plasma level of amino acid metabolite L-arginine increased significantly. Plasma levels of three lipid metabolites, PC (14:0/20:4 [8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z]), LysoPC (16:1 [9Z]) and LysoPC (18:1 [11Z]), were significantly reduced. Fecal levels of lipid metabolite LysoPC (18:1 [11Z]) and bile acid metabolite glycholic acid were significantly decreased.
CONCLUSION
In T2DM patients, VLCR can considerably reduce body weight and improve glucose and lipid metabolism without causing severe side effects. LysoPC (18:1 [11Z]) and showed the most obvious difference after VLCR, which could be the indicators for VLCR in T2D.
Topics: Humans; Caloric Restriction; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Insulin; Lipids; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 38269247
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1289571 -
Journal of Zhejiang University.... Jul 2023The syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency (DSSD) is relatively common globally. Although the pathogenesis of DSSD remains unclear, evidence has...
Modulating effects of polysaccharide on immune disorders via gut microbiota and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in rats with syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency.
The syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency (DSSD) is relatively common globally. Although the pathogenesis of DSSD remains unclear, evidence has suggested that the gut microbiota might play a significant role. , used as both medicine and food, exerts the effects of tonifying spleen and qi. polysaccharide (APS) comprises a macromolecule substance extracted from the dried root of , which has many pharmacological functions. However, whether APS mitigates the immune disorders underlying the DSSD syndrome via regulating gut microbiota and the relevant mechanism remains unknown. Here, we used DSSD rats induced by high-fat and low-protein (HFLP) diet plus exhaustive swimming, and found that APS of moderate molecular weight increased the body weight gain and immune organ indexes, decreased the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and endotoxin, and suppressed the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/NF-κB) pathway. Moreover, a total of 27 critical genera were significantly enriched according to the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). APS increased the diversity of the gut microbiota and changed its composition, such as reducing the relative abundance of and , and increasing that of , , , , , and . APS also elevated the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Furthermore, the correlation analysis indicated that 12 critical bacteria were related to the body weight gain and immune organ indexes. In general, our study demonstrated that APS ameliorated the immune disorders in DSSD rats via modulating their gut microbiota, especially for some bacteria involving immune and inflammatory response and SCFA production, as well as the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. This study provides an insight into the function of APS as a unique potential prebiotic through exerting systemic activities in treating DSSD.
Topics: Rats; Animals; NF-kappa B; Spleen; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Polysaccharides; Astragalus Plant; Immune System Diseases; Body Weight
PubMed: 37455140
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2200491 -
BMC Microbiology Jun 2024Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) species are the most significant anaerobic pathogens and are also the most antibiotic-resistant anaerobic species. Therefore, surveying...
Detection of the antibiotic resistance genes content of intestinal Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Phocaeicola isolates from healthy and carbapenem-treated patients from European countries.
BACKGROUND
Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) species are the most significant anaerobic pathogens and are also the most antibiotic-resistant anaerobic species. Therefore, surveying their antimicrobial resistance levels and investigating their antibiotic resistance mechanisms is recommended. Since their infections are endogenous and they are important constituents of the intestinal microbiota, the properties of the intestinal strains are also important to follow. The aim of this study was to investigate the main antibiotic gene content of microbiota isolates from healthy people and compare them with the gene carriage of strains isolated from infections.
RESULTS
We detected 13, mainly antibiotic resistance determinants of 184 intestinal BFG strains that were isolated in 5 European countries (Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia and Turkey) and compared these with values obtained earlier for European clinical strains. Differences were found between the values of this study and an earlier one for antibiotic resistance genes that are considered to be mobile, with higher degrees for cfxA, erm(F) and tet(Q) and with lower degrees for msrSA, erm(B) and erm(G). In addition, a different gene prevalence was found depending on the taxonomical groups, e.g., B. fragilis and NBFB. Some strains with both the cepA and cfiA β-lactamase genes were also detected, which is thought to be exceptional since until now, the B. fragilis genetic divisions were defined by the mutual exclusion of these two genes.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study detected the prevalences of a series of antibiotic resistance genes in intestinal Bacteroides strains which is a novelty. In addition, based on the current and some previous data we hypothesized that prevalence of some antibiotic resistance genes detected in the clinical and intestinal BFG strains were different, which could be accounted with the differential composition of the Bacteroides microbiota and/or the MGE mobilities at the luminal vs. mucosal sites of the intestine.
Topics: Humans; Europe; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbapenems; Bacteroides Infections; Bacteroides; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Genes, Bacterial; Intestines; Bacterial Proteins
PubMed: 38851699
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03354-w -
Medicine Sep 2023Accumulating evidence has indicated a possible connection between post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and gut microbiota imbalance. To further investigate this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Accumulating evidence has indicated a possible connection between post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and gut microbiota imbalance. To further investigate this association, the present work was designed to systematically assess the dissimilarity of gut microbiota between PSCI and healthy individuals or stroke patients.
METHODS
A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted by searching various databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, VIP, CNKI, and Wangfang for relevant studies. The pooled outcomes were used to estimate the combined dissimilarity of gut microbiota composition between PSCI and healthy individuals or patients with stroke.
RESULTS
Nine eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that there were no significant changes in observed richness indexes (Chao1 and ACE) and Shannon index. Notably, a significant decrease in Simpson index was observed in PSCI patients in comparison to the healthy individuals (-0.31, 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.01, P = 0.04). Moreover, the microbiota composition at the phylum level (increased abundance of Proteobacteria), family level (increased abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Veillonellaceae; decreased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae), and genus level (increased abundance of Bacteroides, Clostridium XIVa, and Parabacteroides; decreased abundance of Prevotella and Ruminococcus) was found to be significantly different between PSCI and controls.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis suggests a significant shift of observed species and microbiota composition in PSCI compared to healthy individuals or patients with stroke.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Bacteroides; Clostridiales; Cognitive Dysfunction; Stroke
PubMed: 37657030
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034764 -
Microbiology Spectrum Sep 2023Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a type of digestive system disease with high mortality. Previous studies have shown that gut microbiota can participate in developing and...
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a type of digestive system disease with high mortality. Previous studies have shown that gut microbiota can participate in developing and treating acute pancreatitis by affecting the host's metabolism. In this study, we followed 20 AP patients to generate longitudinal gut microbiota profiles and activity during disease (before treatment, on the third day of treatment, and 1 month after discharge). We analyzed species composition and metabolic pathways' changes across the treatment phase, severity, and etiology. The diversity of the gut microbiome of patients with AP did not show much variation with treatment. In contrast, the metabolic functions of the gut microbiota, such as the essential chemical reactions that produce energy and maintain life, were partially reinstated after treatment. The severe AP (SAP) patients contained less beneficial bacteria (i.e., , and ) and weaker sugar degradation function than mild AP patients before treatment. Moreover, etiology was one of the drivers of gut microbiome composition and explained the 3.54% variation in species' relative abundance. The relative abundance of pathways related to lipid synthesis was higher in the gut of hyperlipidemia AP patients than in biliary AP patients. The composition and functional profiles of the gut microbiota reflect the severity and etiology of AP. Otherwise, we also identified bacterial species associated with SAP, i.e., sp 57_20 and , which have the potential to identify the SAP at an early stage. IMPORTANCE Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a type of digestive system disease with high mortality. Previous studies have shown that gut microbiota can participate in the development and treatment of acute pancreatitis by affecting the host's metabolism. However, fewer studies acquired metagenomic sequencing data to associate species to functions intuitively and performed longitudinal analysis to explore how gut microbiota influences the development of AP. We followed 20 AP patients to generate longitudinal gut microbiota profiles and activity during disease and studied the differences in intestinal flora under different severities and etiologies. We have two findings. First, the gut microbiota profile has the potential to identify the severity and etiology of AP at an early stage. Second, gut microbiota likely acts synergistically in the development of AP. This study provides a reference for characterizing the driver flora of severe AP to identify the severity of acute pancreatitis at an early stage.
PubMed: 37698429
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00829-23 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Apr 2024Recently, reports on antimicrobial-resistant Bacteroides and Prevotella isolates have increased in the Netherlands. This urged the need for a surveillance study on the...
Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of clinically relevant Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, Parabacteroides and Prevotella species, isolated by eight laboratories in the Netherlands.
OBJECTIVES
Recently, reports on antimicrobial-resistant Bacteroides and Prevotella isolates have increased in the Netherlands. This urged the need for a surveillance study on the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, Parabacteroides and Prevotella isolates consecutively isolated from human clinical specimens at eight different Dutch laboratories.
METHODS
Each laboratory collected 20-25 Bacteroides (including Phocaeicola and Parabacteroides) and 10-15 Prevotella isolates for 3 months. At the national reference laboratory, the MICs of amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, imipenem, metronidazole, clindamycin, tetracycline and moxifloxacin were determined using agar dilution. Isolates with a high MIC of metronidazole or a carbapenem, or harbouring cfiA, were subjected to WGS.
RESULTS
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron/faecis isolates had the highest MIC90 values, whereas Bacteroides fragilis had the lowest MIC90 values for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, imipenem and moxifloxacin. The antimicrobial profiles of the different Prevotella species were similar, except for amoxicillin, for which the MIC50 ranged from 0.125 to 16 mg/L for Prevotella bivia and Prevotella buccae, respectively. Three isolates with high metronidazole MICs were sequenced, of which one Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron isolate harboured a plasmid-located nimE gene and a Prevotella melaninogenica isolate harboured a nimA gene chromosomally.Five Bacteroides isolates harboured a cfiA gene and three had an IS element upstream, resulting in high MICs of carbapenems. The other two isolates harboured no IS element upstream of the cfiA gene and had low MICs of carbapenems.
CONCLUSIONS
Variations in resistance between species were observed. To combat emerging resistance in anaerobes, monitoring resistance and conducting surveillance are essential.
Topics: Humans; Meropenem; Moxifloxacin; Netherlands; Metronidazole; Laboratories; Bacteroides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbapenems; Bacteroides fragilis; Imipenem; Anti-Infective Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Piperacillin; Tazobactam; Prevotella; Amoxicillin; Clavulanic Acid
PubMed: 38394460
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae043 -
Aging Feb 2024Handgrip strength (HGS), which represents global muscle strength, is a powerful indicator of disability and mortality in older adults; it is also used for the diagnosis...
Handgrip strength (HGS), which represents global muscle strength, is a powerful indicator of disability and mortality in older adults; it is also used for the diagnosis of possible- or probable- sarcopenia and physical frailty. This study aimed to explore the metabolic mechanisms and potential biomarkers associated with declining HGS among older adults. We recruited 15 age- and environment-matched inpatients (age, 77-90 years) with low or normal HGS. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene sequencing were performed to analyze the metabolome of serum and stool samples and the gut microbiome composition of stool samples. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to identify the potential serum and fecal metabolites associated with HGS. We assessed the levels of serum and fecal metabolites belonging to the class of cinnamic acids and derivatives and reported that the levels of carboxylic acids and their derivatives decreased in the low-HGS group. Serum levels of microbial metabolites, including cinnamoylglycine, 4-methoxycinnamic acid, and (e)-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid, were positively correlated with HGS. We found that gut microbial α-diversity was significantly higher in the low-HGS group, whereas higher β-diversity was observed in the normal group. The relative abundances of the genera and increased significantly in the low-HGS group and were negatively correlated with the serum levels of cinnamoylglycine. The identified metabolites whose levels were markedly altered, and intestinal flora associated with these metabolites suggest the potential metabolic underpinnings for HGS and provide a basis for the further identification of biomarkers of muscle strength decline in older adults.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hand Strength; Metabolome; Sarcopenia; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38305839
DOI: 10.18632/aging.205501