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Haematologica Mar 2024The gut microbiota makes critical contributions to host homeostasis, and its role in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has attracted attention. We...
The gut microbiota makes critical contributions to host homeostasis, and its role in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has attracted attention. We investigated whether the gut microbiome is affected by AML, and whether such changes are associated with cachectic hallmarks. Biological samples and clinical data were collected from 30 antibiotic-free AML patients at diagnosis and matched volunteers (1:1) in a multicenter cross-sectional prospective study. The composition and functional potential of the faecal microbiota were analyzed using shotgun metagenomics. Faecal, blood, and urine metabolomics analyses were performed. AML patients displayed muscle weakness, anorexia, signs of altered gut function, and glycaemic disorders. The composition of the faecal microbiota differed between patients with AML and control subjects, with an increase in oral bacteria. Alterations in bacterial functions and faecal metabolome support an altered redox status in the gut microbiota, which may contribute to the altered redox status observed in patients with AML. Eubacterium eligens, reduced 3-fold in AML patients, was strongly correlated with muscle strength and citrulline, a marker of enterocyte mass and function. Blautia and Parabacteroides, increased in patients with AML, were correlated with anorexia. Several bacterial taxa and metabolites (e.g. Blautia, Prevotella, phenylacetate, and hippurate) previously associated with glycaemic disorders were altered. Our work revealed important perturbations in the gut microbiome of AML patients at diagnosis, which are associated with muscle strength, altered redox status, and anorexia. These findings pave the way for future mechanistic work to explore the function and therapeutic potential of the bacteria identified in this study.
PubMed: 38546675
DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.284138 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024The obesity epidemic has been on the rise due to changes in living standards and lifestyles. To combat this issue, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has emerged as a prominent...
BACKGROUND
The obesity epidemic has been on the rise due to changes in living standards and lifestyles. To combat this issue, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has emerged as a prominent bariatric surgery technique, offering substantial weight reduction. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that underlie SG-related bodyweight loss are not fully understood.
METHODS
In this study, we conducted a collection of preoperative and 3-month postoperative serum and fecal samples from patients who underwent laparoscopic SG at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Jinan, China). Here, we took an unbiased approach of multi-omics to investigate the role of SG-altered gut microbiota in anti-obesity of these patients. Non-target metabolome sequencing was performed using the fecal and serum samples.
RESULTS
Our data show that SG markedly increased microbiota diversity and Rikenellaceae, , , Bactreoidales, and Enterobacteraies robustly increased. These compositional changes were positively correlated with lipid metabolites, including sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, and unsaturated fatty acids. Increases of Rikenellaceae, , and were reversely correlated with body mass index (BMI).
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that SG induces significant alterations in the abundances of Rikenellaceae, , , and Bacteroidales, as well as changes in lipid metabolism-related metabolites. Importantly, these changes were found to be closely linked to the alleviation of obesity. On the basis of these findings, we have identified a number of microbiotas that could be potential targets for treatment of obesity.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lipid Metabolism; Obesity; Bariatric Surgery; Gastrectomy
PubMed: 38375198
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1338147 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023A novel polysaccharide, HSP80-2, with an average molecular weight of 13.8 kDa, was successfully isolated by the gradient ethanol precipitation (GEP) method from (HS),...
A novel polysaccharide, HSP80-2, with an average molecular weight of 13.8 kDa, was successfully isolated by the gradient ethanol precipitation (GEP) method from (HS), the by-product of Chinese Baijiu. It was mainly composed of arabinose, xylose, and glucose with a molar ratio of 4.0:3.1:2.4, which was completely different from the previous reported HS polysaccharides (HSPs). Morphological observations indicated that HSP80-2 exhibited a smooth but uneven fragmented structure. Moreover, HSP80-2 exerted prebiotic activity evaluated by fermentation. Specifically, HSP80-2 was utilized by gut microbiota, and significantly regulated the composition and abundance of beneficial microbiota such as , , and . Notably, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis illustrated that HSP80-2 enriched the pathways of amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (Ko00520), galactose metabolism (ko00052), and the citrate cycle (TCA cycle) (ko00020). Meanwhile, the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mainly including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in the HSP80-2 group were remarkably increased, which was closely associated with the growth of and . These results showed that HSP80-2 might be used as a potential functional factor to promote human gut health, which further extended the high value utilization of HS.
PubMed: 38137210
DOI: 10.3390/foods12244406 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series A,... Aug 2023Our aim was to investigate the association between gut microbiota and delirium occurrence in acutely ill older adults. We included 133 participants 65+ years...
Our aim was to investigate the association between gut microbiota and delirium occurrence in acutely ill older adults. We included 133 participants 65+ years consecutively admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary university hospital, between September 2019 and March 2020. We excluded candidates with ≥24-hour antibiotic utilization on admission, recent prebiotic or probiotic utilization, artificial nutrition, acute gastrointestinal disorders, severe traumatic brain injury, recent hospitalization, institutionalization, expected discharge ≤48 hours, or admission for end-of-life care. A trained research team followed a standardized interview protocol to collect sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data on admission and throughout the hospital stay. Our exposure measures were gut microbiota alpha and beta diversities, taxa relative abundance, and core microbiome. Our primary outcome was delirium, assessed twice daily using the Confusion Assessment Method. Delirium was detected in 38 participants (29%). We analyzed 257 swab samples. After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed that a greater alpha diversity (higher abundance and richness of microorganisms) was associated with a lower risk of delirium, as measured by the Shannon (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.60-0.99; p = .042) and Pielou indexes (OR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.51-0.87; p = .005). Bacterial taxa associated with pro-inflammatory pathways (Enterobacteriaceae) and modulation of relevant neurotransmitters (Serratia: dopamine; Bacteroides, Parabacteroides: GABA) were more common in participants with delirium. Gut microbiota diversity and composition were significantly different in acutely ill hospitalized older adults who experienced delirium. Our work is an original proof-of-concept investigation that lays a foundation for future biomarker studies and potential therapeutic targets for delirium prevention and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Delirium; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Prospective Studies; Hospitalization; Length of Stay
PubMed: 36869725
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad074 -
Heliyon Nov 2023Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing intestinal disease with complex pathogenesis. The increasing morbidity and mortality of UC become a global public health...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing intestinal disease with complex pathogenesis. The increasing morbidity and mortality of UC become a global public health threat. Baitouweng decoction (BD), a formulated prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been applied to cure UC for many centuries. However, the therapeutic efficacy and working mechanisms of this medicine are not well studied.
AIM OF STUDY
In this study we determined whether , one of four ingredients in BD, had a therapeutic effect on colitis. And explore the underlying mechanism of (Bunge) Regel radix in the improvement of DSS-induced colitis in mice model.
METHODS
The active compounds of was identified by UPLC. The composition of the mice's cecum microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. And gene expression profile of colon was detected by transcriptome.
RESULTS
The results showed that significantly improved the clinical symptom, prevented the shorten of colon length, and decreased the diseased activity index (DAI) in an 3 % DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model. We found that reversed the dysbiosis of gut microbiota as evidenced by increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Deferribacteres, and Proteobacteria phyla and decrease in Firmicutes, as well as by decrease in the genera levels of , , , , , , and . The results of transcriptome showed administration led to 128 genes up-regulation, and 122 genes down-regulation, up-regulate NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, down-regulate Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways.
CONCLUSION
in this study, we demonstrate alleviates DSS-induced colitis probably via modulating gut microbiota and inflammatory signaling pathway in DSS-induced colitis mouse model.
PubMed: 38034600
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21869 -
World Journal of Gastrointestinal... Aug 2023Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health burden. The current diagnostic tests have shortcomings of being invasive and low accuracy.
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health burden. The current diagnostic tests have shortcomings of being invasive and low accuracy.
AIM
To explore the combination of intestinal microbiome composition and multi-target stool DNA (MT-sDNA) test in the diagnosis of CRC.
METHODS
We assessed the performance of the MT-sDNA test based on a hospital clinical trial. The intestinal microbiota was tested using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This case-control study enrolled 54 CRC patients and 51 healthy controls. We identified biomarkers of bacterial structure, analyzed the relationship between different tumor markers and the relative abundance of related flora components, and distinguished CRC patients from healthy subjects by the linear discriminant analysis effect size, redundancy analysis, and random forest analysis.
RESULTS
MT-sDNA was associated with . MT-sDNA and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were positively correlated with the existence of , and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was positively associated with and . In the random forest model, the existence of , , , , , and can distinguish CRC from health controls. The diagnostic accuracy of MT-sDNA combined with the six genera and CEA in the diagnosis of CRC was 97.1%, with a sensitivity and specificity of 98.1% and 92.3%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
There is a positive correlation of MT-sDNA, CEA, and AFP with intestinal microbiome. Eight biomarkers including six genera of gut microbiota, MT-sDNA, and CEA showed a prominent sensitivity and specificity for CRC prediction, which could be used as a non-invasive method for improving the diagnostic accuracy for this malignancy.
PubMed: 37663945
DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i8.1424 -
Gut Microbes 2024The human gut microbiome plays a significant role in health and disease. The viral component (virome) is predominantly composed of bacteriophages (phages) and has...
The human gut microbiome plays a significant role in health and disease. The viral component (virome) is predominantly composed of bacteriophages (phages) and has received significantly less attention in comparison to the bacteriome. This knowledge gap is largely due to challenges associated with the isolation and characterization of novel gut phages, and bioinformatic hurdles such as the lack of a universal phage marker gene and the absence of sufficient numbers of homologs in viral databases. Here, we describe the isolation from human feces of a novel lytic phage with siphovirus morphology, φPDS1, infecting APCS2/PD, and classified within a newly proposed genus. and biological characterization of this phage is presented in this study. Key to the isolation of φPDS1 was the antibiotic-driven selective enrichment of the bacterial host in a fecal fermenter. Despite producing plaques and lacking genes associated with lysogeny, φPDS1 demonstrates the ability to coexist in liquid culture for multiple days without affecting the abundance of its host. Multiple studies have shown that changes in abundance can be linked to various disease states, rendering this novel phage-host pair and their interactions of particular interest.
Topics: Humans; Bacteriophages; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bacteroidetes; Microbiota
PubMed: 38178369
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2298254 -
Nutrients Dec 2023The edible fungus (ADe) is commonly employed in traditional medicine for intestinal disorders; however, its inhibitory effect on colitis-associated colorectal cancer...
BACKGROUND
The edible fungus (ADe) is commonly employed in traditional medicine for intestinal disorders; however, its inhibitory effect on colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. (2) Methods: The inhibitory effect of ADe on CAC was investigated using a mouse model induced by azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium.
RESULTS
ADe effectively suppressed the growth and number of intestinal tumors in mice. Intestinal microbiota analyses revealed that ADe treatment increased and while it decreased , , , and . ADe regulated the levels of 2'-deoxyridine, creatinine, 1-palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine, and choline in serum. Furthermore, the levels of these metabolites were associated with the abundance of and . ADe up-regulated the free fatty acid receptor 2 and β-Arrestin 2, inhibited the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, and significantly attenuated the levels of inflammatory cytokines, thereby mitigating the inflammatory in CAC mice.
CONCLUSIONS
The protective effect of ADe in CAC mice is associated with the regulation of intestinal microbiota, which leads to the inhibition of NF-kB pathway and regulation of inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Colitis; Auricularia; Colitis-Associated Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Inflammation; NF-kappa B; Dextran Sulfate; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Disease Models, Animal; Colon
PubMed: 38068869
DOI: 10.3390/nu15235011 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024The present study aimed to investigate the impacts of dietary standardized ileal digestible lysine to net energy (SID Lys:NE) ratio on lipid metabolism in pigs fed...
The present study aimed to investigate the impacts of dietary standardized ileal digestible lysine to net energy (SID Lys:NE) ratio on lipid metabolism in pigs fed high-wheat diets. Thirty-six crossbred growing barrows (65.20 ± 0.38 kg) were blocked into two treatment groups, fed high-wheat diets with either a high SID Lys:NE ratio (HR) or a low SID Lys:NE ratio (LR). Each treatment group consisted of three replicates, with six pigs per pen in each replicate. The diminishing dietary SID Lys:NE ratio exhibited no adverse impacts on the carcass trait ( > 0.05) but increased the marbling score of the longissimus dorsi muscle ( < 0.05). Meanwhile, LR diets tended to increase the serum triglyceride concentration ( < 0.1). LR diets upregulated fatty acid transport protein 4 and acetyl-coA carboxylase α expression levels and downregulated the expression level of adipose triglyceride lipase ( < 0.05). LR diets improved energy metabolism via decreasing the expression levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) ( < 0.05). Additionally, LR diets stimulated hepatic bile acid synthesis via upregulating the expression levels of cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 and cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1, and downregulating farnesol X receptor (FXR) and small heterodimer partner (SHP) expression levels ( < 0.05). A lowered SID Lys:NE ratio affected the colonic microbial composition, characterized by increased relative abundances of , , , and , alongside a decreased in the proportion of , , , , , , , , and ( < 0.05). The alterations in microbial composition were accompanied by a decrease in colonic butyrate concentration ( < 0.1). The metabolomic analysis revealed that LR diets affected primary bile acid synthesis and AMPK signaling pathway ( < 0.05). And the mantel analysis indicated that , , , , and contributed to the alterations in body metabolism. A reduced dietary SID Lys:NE ratio improves energy metabolism, stimulates lipogenesis, and inhibits lipolysis in finishing pigs by regulating the AMPKα/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway and the FXR/SHP pathway. and benefited bile acids synthesis, whereas , , and may contribute to the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. Overall, body metabolism and colonic microbiota collectively controlled the lipid metabolism in finishing pigs.
PubMed: 38929443
DOI: 10.3390/ani14121824 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Bacteriocins are crucial metabolites of probiotics that display beneficial functions. The intestinal barrier is an important target on which probiotics exert their...
Bacteriocins are crucial metabolites of probiotics that display beneficial functions. The intestinal barrier is an important target on which probiotics exert their intestinal health activity. However, the impacts of bacteriocin-producing probiotics on the intestinal barrier are unclear. In this study, the effects of bacteriocin-producing Q7 and F3-2 on the intestinal barrier of mice were explored. It was shown that Q7 promoted the expression of mucin MUC2 to enhance the protection provided by the intestinal mucus layer. Q7 up-regulated the gene expression of intestinal tight junction proteins and significantly, and F3-2 up-regulated and markedly, which exhibited tight junction intestinal barrier function. The two strains promoted the release of IgA and IgG at varying degrees. The antimicrobial peptide gene was up-regulated markedly, and the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines appeared to exhibit an upward trend with Q7 treatment, so as to enhance intestinal immune regulation function. Furthermore, Q7 and F3-2 increased the abundance of the beneficial bacteria , inhibited the growth of the harmful bacteria , and facilitated the synthesis of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which seemed to favor the prevention of metabolic diseases. Our results suggested that Q7 and F3-2 showed strain specificity in their protective effects on the intestinal chemical, physical, immunological and biological barriers of mice, which provided theoretical support for the selective utilization of bacteriocin-producing strains to regulate host health.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Intestines; Defecation; Antimicrobial Peptides; Bacteriocins; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 37630708
DOI: 10.3390/nu15163518