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Frontiers in Nutrition 2023The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Active or Sedentary lifestyle on saliva microbiota composition in Italian schoolchildren.
UNLABELLED
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Active or Sedentary lifestyle on saliva microbiota composition in Italian schoolchildren.
METHODS
Male (114) and female children (8-10 years) belonging to five primary schools in the neighborhoods of Turin were classified as active (A) or sedentary (S) based on PAQ-C-It questionnaire. PCR amplification of salivary DNA targeted the hypervariable V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA bacterial genes. DADA2 workflow was used to infer the Amplicon Sequence Variants and the taxonomic assignments; the beta-diversity was obtained by PCoA with the UniFrac method; LEfSe algorithm, threshold at 5%, and Log LDA cutoff at ±0.5 were used to identify differently abundant species in A compared to S saliva sample. Daily food intake was assessed by 3-Days food record. The metabolic potential of microbial communities was assessed by PICRUSt.
RESULTS
No significant differences were found in individual's gender distribution ( = 0.411), anthropometry, BMI ( > 0.05), and all diet composition between A and S groups ( > 0.05). Eight species were differently abundant: (LDA score = -3.76; FDR = 1.5×10-03), (LDA score = -3.17; FDR = 7.45×10-03), (LDA score = -2.96; FDR = 2.76×10-05), (LDA score = -2.43; FDR = 1.3×10-02) are enriched in the A group; , (LDA score = -3.9; FDR = 5.27×10-04), (LDA score = 4.23; FDR = 1.93×10-02), (LDA score = 4.43; FDR = 1.31×10-02; LDA score = 2.94; FDR = 7.45×10-03) are enriched in the S group. A prevalence of superpathway of fatty acid biosynthesis initiation () and catechol degradation II (meta-cleavage pathway) was found in saliva from A compared to S children.
CONCLUSION
Our results showed that active children had an enrichment of species and genera mainly associated with a healthier profile. By contrast, the genera and the species enriched in the sedentary group could be linked to human diseases.
PubMed: 37671197
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1226891 -
Gut Microbes 2024Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a challenging form of inflammatory bowel disease, and its etiology is intricately linked to disturbances in the gut microbiome. To identify...
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a challenging form of inflammatory bowel disease, and its etiology is intricately linked to disturbances in the gut microbiome. To identify the potential alleviators of UC, we employed an integrative analysis combining microbial community modeling with advanced machine learning techniques. Using metagenomics data sourced from the Integrated Human Microbiome Project, we constructed individualized microbiome community models for each participant. Our analysis highlighted a significant decline in both α and β-diversity of strain-level microbial populations in UC subjects compared to controls. Distinct differences were also observed in the predicted fecal metabolite profiles and strain-to-metabolite contributions between the two groups. Using tree-based machine learning models, we successfully identified specific microbial strains and their associated metabolites as potential alleviators of UC. Notably, our experimental validation using a dextran sulfate sodium-induced UC mouse model demonstrated that the administration of ATCC 43,184 and N-acetyl-D-mannosamine provided notable relief from colitis symptoms. In summary, our study underscores the potential of an integrative approach to identify novel therapeutic avenues for UC, paving the way for future targeted interventions.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Humans; Colitis, Ulcerative; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Colitis; Machine Learning
PubMed: 38563656
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2336877 -
Microbiological Research Jun 2024As the most abundant gram-negative bacterial order in the gastrointestinal tract, Bacteroidales bacteria have been extensively studied for their contribution to various...
As the most abundant gram-negative bacterial order in the gastrointestinal tract, Bacteroidales bacteria have been extensively studied for their contribution to various aspects of gut health. These bacteria are renowned for their involvement in immunomodulation and their remarkable capacity to break down complex carbohydrates and fibers. However, the human gut microbiota is known to produce many metabolites that ultimately mediate important microbe-host and microbe-microbe interactions. To gain further insights into the metabolites produced by the gut commensal strains of this order, we examined the metabolite composition of their bacterial cell cultures in the stationary phase. Based on their abundance in the gastrointestinal tract and their relevance in health and disease, we selected a total of six bacterial strains from the relevant genera Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, Parabacteroides, and Segatella. We grew these strains in modified Gifu anaerobic medium (mGAM) supplemented with mucin, which resembles the gut microbiota's natural environment. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolite profiling revealed 179 annotated metabolites that had significantly differential abundances between the studied bacterial strains and the control growth medium. Most of them belonged to classes such as amino acids and derivatives, organic acids, and nucleot(s)ides. Of particular interest, Segatella copri DSM 18205 (previously referred to as Prevotella copri) produced substantial quantities of the bioactive metabolites phenylethylamine, tyramine, tryptamine, and ornithine. Parabacteroides merdae CL03T12C32 stood out due to its ability to produce cadaverine, histamine, acetylputrescine, and deoxycarnitine. In addition, we found that strains of the genera Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, and Parabacteroides accumulated considerable amounts of proline-hydroxyproline, a collagen-derived bioactive dipeptide. Collectively, these findings offer a more detailed comprehension of the metabolic potential of these Bacteroidales strains, contributing to a better understanding of their role within the human gut microbiome in health and disease.
Topics: Humans; Chromatography, Liquid; Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Bacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 38518452
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127700 -
Cancers Apr 2024The combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab has become the first-line treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, no studies...
The combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab has become the first-line treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, no studies have reported on specific intestinal microbiota associated with the efficacy of atezolizumab and bevacizumab. In this study, we analyzed fecal samples collected before treatment to investigate the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and the efficacy of atezolizumab and bevacizumab. A total of 37 patients with advanced HCC who were treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab were enrolled. Fecal samples were collected from the patients, and they were divided into responder ( = 28) and non-responder ( = 9) groups. We compared the intestinal microbiota of the two groups and analyzed the intestinal bacteria associated with prognosis using QIIME2. The alpha and beta diversities were not significantly different between both groups, and the proportion of microbiota was similar. The relative abundance of and was higher in the responder group than in the non-responder group. When the prognosis was analyzed by the presence or absence of those bacteria, patients without both had a significantly poorer prognosis. Differences in intestinal microbiome are involved in the therapeutic effect of atezolizumab and bevacizumab.
PubMed: 38730627
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091675 -
Cancers Oct 2023Numerous studies have correlated dysbiosis in stool microbiota with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, fewer studies have investigated the mucosal microbiome in...
Numerous studies have correlated dysbiosis in stool microbiota with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, fewer studies have investigated the mucosal microbiome in pre-cancerous bowel polyps. The short-read sequencing of variable regions in the 16S rRNA gene has commonly been used to infer bacterial taxonomy, and this has led, in part, to inconsistent findings between studies. Here, we examined mucosal microbiota from patients who presented with one or more polyps, compared to patients with no polyps, at the time of colonoscopy. We evaluated the results obtained using both short-read and PacBio long-read 16S rRNA sequencing. Neither sequencing technology identified significant differences in microbial diversity measures between patients with or without bowel polyps. Differential abundance measures showed that amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) associated with and were elevated in mucosa from polyp patients, while ASVs associated with , , and were relatively decreased. Only was consistently identified using both sequencing technologies as being altered between patients with polyps compared to patients without polyps, suggesting differences in technologies and bioinformatics processing impact study findings. Several of the differentially abundant bacteria identified using either sequencing technology are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases despite these patients being excluded from the current study, which suggests that early bowel neoplasia may be associated with a local inflammatory niche.
PubMed: 37894412
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205045