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International Braz J Urol : Official... 2023To analyze the histology and distribution of abdominal testicular vessels in human fetuses Patients and Methods: We studied 19 fetuses (34 testes) ranging in age from 12...
PURPOSE
To analyze the histology and distribution of abdominal testicular vessels in human fetuses Patients and Methods: We studied 19 fetuses (34 testes) ranging in age from 12 to 19 weeks post-conception. The fetuses were evaluated regarding crown-rump length (CRL), total length (TL) and body weight immediately before dissection. Each testis was dissected and embedded in paraffin, from which 5 μm thick sections were obtained and stained with Masson's trichrome and Anti-CD31 antibody to quantify the vessels. The stereological analysis was carried out with the Image Pro and Image J programs, using a grid to determine volumetric densities (Vv). Means were statistically compared using the unpaired T-test (p<0.05).
RESULTS
The fetuses presented mean weight of 222.5g, mean CRL of 15.3 cm and mean TL of 23.2 cm. All testes were in the abdominal position. The mean percentage of vessels (Vv) in the upper portion of the testis was 7.6% (4.6 to 15%) and in the lower portion the mean was 5.11% (2.3 to 9.8%), with a significant difference (p=0.0001). In the analysis between the upper portion of the right and left testes (p=0.99) and in the analysis of the lower portion of the right and left testes (p=0.83), we did not observe significant differences.
CONCLUSION
The upper portion of the abdominal testis in human fetuses had a higher concentration of vessels than the lower portion. These results suggest that manipulation of the lower end of the testis during Fowler-Stephens surgery should be avoided in order to preserve the collateral circulation.
Topics: Male; Humans; Infant; Testis; Cryptorchidism; Fetus; Fertilization
PubMed: 37338817
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.9909 -
Environment International Aug 2023Chlorinated paraffins (CPs), a group of chlorinated alkane mixtures, are frequently detected in various environmental matrices and human bodies. Recently, CPs have... (Review)
Review
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs), a group of chlorinated alkane mixtures, are frequently detected in various environmental matrices and human bodies. Recently, CPs have garnered considerable attention owing to their potential to induce health hazards in wildlife and human. Several reviews have discussed short-chain CPs (SCCPs) induced ecological risk; however, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying toxic mechanisms and a comparison among SCCPs, medium-, and long-chain CPs (MCCPs and LCCPs, respectively) are yet to be established. This review summarizes the latest research progress on the toxic effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of CPs. The main toxicity mechanisms of CPs include activation of several receptors, oxidative stress, disturbance of energy metabolism, and inhibition of gap junction-mediated communication. The sensitivity of different species to CP-mediated toxicities varies markedly, with aquatic organisms exhibiting the highest sensitivity to CP-induced toxicity. The toxicity comparison analysis indicated that MCCPs may be unsafe as potential substitutes for SCCPs.
Topics: Humans; Paraffin; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Environmental Monitoring; China
PubMed: 37354881
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108020 -
JTO Clinical and Research Reports Dec 2023As recently evidenced by the ADAURA trial, most patients with stages IB to IIIA of resected EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma benefit from osimertinib as adjuvant therapy....
INTRODUCTION
As recently evidenced by the ADAURA trial, most patients with stages IB to IIIA of resected EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma benefit from osimertinib as adjuvant therapy. Nevertheless, predictive markers of response and recurrence are still an unmet need for more than 10% of these patients. Some circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play a role in tumor growth and proliferation. In this project, we studied circRNA expression levels in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tumor samples to explore their biomarker potential and develop a machine learning (ML)-based signature that could predict the benefit of adjuvant EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
METHODS
Patients with surgically resected EGFR mutant-positive, stages I to IIIB NSCLC were recruited from February 2007 to December 2015. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were retrospectively collected from those patients with a follow-up period of more than or equal to 36 months (N = 76). Clinicopathologic features were annotated. Total RNA was purified and quantified prior nCounter processing with our circRNA custom panel. Data analysis and ML were performed taking into consideration circRNA expression levels and recurrence-free survival (RFS). RFS was defined from the day of surgery to the day when recurrence was detected radiologically or the death owing to any cause.
RESULTS
Of the 76 patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC included in the study, 34 relapsed within 3 years after resection. The median age of the relapsing cohort was 71.5 (range: 49-89) years. Most patients were nonsmokers (n = 21; 61.8%) and of female sex (n = 21; 61.8%). Most cases (n = 17; 50%) presented an exon 21 mutation, whereas 15 and four patients had an exon 19 and exon 18 mutation, respectively. Differential expression analysis revealed that circRUNX1, along with circFUT8 and circAASDH, was up-regulated in relapsing patients ( < 0.05 and >2 fold-change). A ML-based circRNA signature predictive of recurrence in patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC, comprising circRUNX1, was developed. Our final model including selected 6-circRNA signature with random forest algorithm was able to classify relapsing patients with an accuracy of 83% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91.RFS was significantly shorter not only for the subgroup of patients with high versus low circRUNX1 expression but also for the group classified as recurrent by the ML circRNA signature when compared with those classified as nonrecurrent.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that circRUNX1 and the presented ML-developed signature could be novel tools to predict the benefit of adjuvant EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors with regard to RFS in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC. The training and validation phases of our ML signature will be conducted including bigger independent cohorts.
PubMed: 38162176
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2023.100604 -
Journal of Taibah University Medical... Aug 20231. Identification of protein expression and subcellular localization of E-cadherin (E-cad), p120 catenin (P120ctn), and Kaiso in oral cancer (OC). 2. To study the...
OBJECTIVES
1. Identification of protein expression and subcellular localization of E-cadherin (E-cad), p120 catenin (P120ctn), and Kaiso in oral cancer (OC). 2. To study the protein expression of cyclin D1 and c-Myc (Kaiso targets) and determine their relationship with the expression and localization of Kaiso.
METHODS
Histological grading was performed in accordance with Broder's criteria. Expression and localization data for E-cad, p120ctn, Kaiso, cyclin D1, and c-Myc were acquired using immunohistochemistry. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. The chi-square test was used to measure the statistical significance of associations, with < 0.05 as statistically significant.
RESULTS
Of 47 OC cases, 36% showed low E-cad expression and 34% showed low p120ctn. Low Kaiso expression was recognized in 78% of tumor specimens. Aberrant cytoplasmic localization of p120ctn was seen in 80.8% cases. Cytoplasmic Kaiso localization was appreciated in 87% of tumor tissues, whereas 29.7% lacked any nuclear Kaiso. Kaiso expression was significantly associated with the expression of cyclin D1 but not with c-Myc.
CONCLUSION
The present study identified a change in the localization of Kaiso in OC. The significance of this in relation to OC and tumor prognosis needs to be investigated with further studies using larger sample sizes and more sensitive molecular tools.
PubMed: 36852243
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.12.013 -
Genes Jul 2023is a marsh plant in the family Compositae. It has good water and moisture resistance and ornamental properties, which makes it one of the important materials for...
is a marsh plant in the family Compositae. It has good water and moisture resistance and ornamental properties, which makes it one of the important materials for chrysanthemum breeding and genetic improvement. The ( secondary wall enhancement factor 1) gene is associated with the thickening of the secondary walls of fiber cells in the plant ducts and the secondary xylem and plays an important role in plant stress resistance. In this study, two variable spliceosomes of the gene were identified from a chrysanthemum plant by using bioinformatics, qRT-PCR, transgene, and paraffin section methods to explore the molecular mechanism of the variable splicing of under abiotic stress. The results show that only three amino acids were found to be different between the two variants. After being treated with salt, drought, and low temperatures, analysis of the expression levels of the and genes in showed that could respond to low temperatures and salt stress and had a weak response to drought stress. However, the expression level of under the three treatments was lower than that of . transgenic tobacco showed increased saline-alkali resistance and low-temperature resistance at the seedling stage. transgenic tobacco also showed enhanced saline-alkali resistance and drought resistance at the seedling stage. In conclusion, the functions of the two variable spliceosomes of the gene are very different under abiotic stress. Therefore, this study verified the function of the variable spliceosome of and improved the stress resistance of the chrysanthemum plant under examination by regulating the expression of the protein, which lays a material foundation for the improvement of plant stress resistance materials and has important significance for the study of the resistance of chrysanthemum plants to abiotic stress.
Topics: Nicotiana; Alternative Splicing; Plant Breeding; Asteraceae; Chrysanthemum; Salt Stress; Alkalies
PubMed: 37628601
DOI: 10.3390/genes14081549 -
Renal Failure Dec 2023Crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH), light chain proximal tubulopathy (LCPT), and light chain crystalline podocytopathy (LCCP) are rare complications of multiple myeloma... (Review)
Review
Combined crystal-storing histiocytosis, light chain proximal tubulopathy, and light chain crystalline podocytopathy in a patient with multiple myeloma: a case report and literature review.
BACKGROUND
Crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH), light chain proximal tubulopathy (LCPT), and light chain crystalline podocytopathy (LCCP) are rare complications of multiple myeloma (MM) or monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance, and their diagnoses are challenging.
CASE PRESENTATION
In this case, a 69-year-old Chinese woman presented with suspicious Fanconi syndrome with renal insufficiency. Immunofixation electrophoresis of both serum and urine revealed elevated immunoglobulin G kappa (IgGkappa) and kappa light chain. Bone marrow aspirate revealed 15% plasma cells with considerable cytoplasmic granular inclusions and needle-shaped crystals. Renal biopsy confirmed the final pathologic diagnosis of kappa-restricted CSH, combined LCPT and LCCP by immunoelectron microscopy. A number of special casts were present which could easily be misdiagnosed as light chain cast nephropathy. Immunofluorescence on frozen tissue presented false negative for kappa light chain, as ultimately proven by paraffin-embedded tissue after pronase digestion. MM and CSH were diagnosed, and two cycles of chemotherapy were given. The patient subsequently refused further chemotherapy, and her renal function remained relatively stable during a 2.5-year follow-up period.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, we report a rare case of generalized kappa-restricted CSH involving bone marrow and kidney, combined with LCPT and LCCP, provide a comprehensive summary of renal CSH, and propose a new nomenclature of monoclonal immunoglobulin-induced crystalline nephrology. The presentation of monoclonal immunoglobulin and Fanconi syndrome should suggest the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin-induced crystalline nephrology. Use of paraffin-embedded tissue after pronase digestion and immunoelectron microscopy is beneficial to improve the sensitivity of diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Fanconi Syndrome; Pronase; Kidney Diseases; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Histiocytosis
PubMed: 36632756
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2022.2145970 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Oct 2023Single-cell spatial proteomic analysis holds great promise to advance our understanding of the composition, organization, interaction and function of the various cell...
Single-cell spatial proteomic analysis holds great promise to advance our understanding of the composition, organization, interaction and function of the various cell types in complex biological systems. However, the current multiplexed protein imaging technologies suffer from low detection sensitivity, limited multiplexing capacity or technically demanding. To tackle these issues, here we report the development of a highly sensitive and multiplexed in situ protein profiling method using off-the-shelf antibodies. In this approach, the protein targets are stained with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated antibodies and cleavable fluorophores via click chemistry. Through reiterative cycles of target staining, fluorescence imaging, and fluoropohore cleavage, many proteins can be profiled in single cells in situ. Applying this approach, we successfully quantified 28 different proteins in a human formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tonsil tissue, which represents the highest multiplexing capacity among the tyramide signal amplification (TSA) methods. Based on their unique protein expression patterns and their microenvironment, ~820,000 cells in the tissue are classified into distinct cell clusters. We also explored the cell-cell interactions between these varied cell clusters and observed different subregions of the tissue are composed of cells from specific clusters.
PubMed: 37961266
DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.20.563323 -
STAR Protocols Dec 2023Combining histology and ex vivo MRI from the same mouse brain is a powerful way to study brain microstructure. Mouse brains prepared for ex vivo MRI are often kept in...
Combining histology and ex vivo MRI from the same mouse brain is a powerful way to study brain microstructure. Mouse brains prepared for ex vivo MRI are often kept in storage solution for months, potentially becoming brittle and showing reduced antigenicity. Here, we describe a protocol for mouse brain dissection, tissue processing, paraffin embedding, sectioning, and staining. We then detail registration of histology to ex vivo MRI data from the same sample and extraction of quantitative histological measurements.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Paraffin Embedding; Brain; Dissection; Staining and Labeling; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 37948184
DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102681 -
STAR Protocols Dec 2023Aberrant DNA methylation is a universal feature of cancer. Here, we present a protocol for generating high-quality genome-scale DNA methylation sequencing data from a...
Aberrant DNA methylation is a universal feature of cancer. Here, we present a protocol for generating high-quality genome-scale DNA methylation sequencing data from a variety of human cancer biospecimens including immortalized cell lines, fresh-frozen surgical resections, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. We describe steps for DNA extraction considerations, reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, data processing and quality control, and downstream data analysis and integration. This protocol is also applicable for other human diseases and methylome profiling in other organisms. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Rodger et al. (2023)..
Topics: Humans; DNA Methylation; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37950864
DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102714 -
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Aug 2023Melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium , has a major global health impact and a wide range of different disease manifestations. Histopathological...
BACKGROUND
Melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium , has a major global health impact and a wide range of different disease manifestations. Histopathological descriptions of melioidosis remain limited. Granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells are considered classic features. We aim to present a graphical overview of histopathological manifestations of melioidosis, serving as an aid in diagnosing this disease.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective international multicenter laboratory-based analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from culture-confirmed melioidosis autopsy and biopsy cases. Available FFPE tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunostainings including a monoclonal antibody targeting the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of . Tissue with site-specific cultures and/or positive CPS staining were included in the graphical histopathological overview.
RESULTS
We identified tissue of 8 autopsy and 5 biopsy cases. Pneumonia and soft tissue abscesses were the leading foci of disease displaying mainly necrosis and suppuration. Infrequent disease manifestations included involvement of bone marrow and adrenal glands in an autopsy case and biopsied mediastinal tissue, the latter being the only case in which we identified multinucleated giant cells. Using the CPS staining, we demonstrated granulomata as part of rare gastric tissue involvement.
CONCLUSIONS
We found fatal melioidosis to be a necrotizing and suppurative inflammation, usually without multinucleated giant cell formation. Gastric and mediastinal involvement points to ingestion and inhalation as possible routes of infection. The CPS staining proved beneficial as an aid to establish a histopathological diagnosis. Our graphical overview can be used by infectious diseases specialists, microbiologists, and pathologists.
PubMed: 37547853
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad367