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Deutsches Arzteblatt International Sep 2023There are approximately 140 000 people in Germany with spinal cord injury, with approximately 2400 new patients each year. Cervical spinal cord injuries cause, to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There are approximately 140 000 people in Germany with spinal cord injury, with approximately 2400 new patients each year. Cervical spinal cord injuries cause, to varying degrees, weakness and impairment of everyday activities of the limbs (tetraparesis, tetraplegia).
METHODS
This review is based on relevant publications retrieved by a selective search of the literature.
RESULTS
From among 330 initially screened publications, 40 were included and analyzed. Muscle and tendon transfers, tenodeses, and joint stabilizations yielded reliable functional improvement of the upper limb. Tendon transfers improved the strength of elbow extension from M0 to an average of M3.3 (BMRC) and grip strength to approximately 2 kg. In the long term, 17-20% of strength is lost after active tendon transfers and slightly more after passive ones. Nerve transfers improved strength to M3 or M4 in over 80% of cases, with the best results overall in patients under 25 years of age who underwent early surgery (within 6 months of the accident). Combined procedures in a single operation have been found to be advantageous compared to the traditional multistep approach. Nerve transfers from intact fascicles at segmental levels above that of the spinal cord lesion have been found to be a valuable addition to the established varieties of muscle and tendon transfer. The reported long-term patient satisfaction is generally high.
CONCLUSION
Modern techniques of hand surgery can help suitably selected tetraparetic and tetraplegic patients regain the use of their upper limbs. Competent interdisciplinary counseling about these surgical options should be offered as early as possible to all affected persons as an integral part of their treatment plan.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Arm; Patient Satisfaction; Quadriplegia; Spinal Cord Injuries; Tendon Transfer
PubMed: 37378597
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0141 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jul 2023Respiratory muscle paralysis is known as a very common complication of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). However, most research has focused on its later stages rather than...
Respiratory muscle paralysis is known as a very common complication of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). However, most research has focused on its later stages rather than its earlier stages, including the prognosis of patients with this condition, or factors that act as early predictors of risk. Therefore, our study aimed to identify early predictors of respiratory muscle paralysis in patients with GBS and determine the short-term prognosis of such patients. We recruited 455 GBS patients (age ≥ 18) who had been hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between 2016 and 2021, retrospectively. We recorded clinical and laboratory data and used linear and logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between early clinical, examination results, and subsequent respiratory muscle paralysis. Among the 455 patients, 129 were assigned to a respiratory muscle paralysis group and 326 were assigned to a non-respiratory muscle paralysis group. Compared with the non-affected group, the time from onset to admission was shorter ( = 0.0003), and the Medical Research Council (MRC) score at admission and discharge was smaller in the affected group ( < 0.0001). Compared with the non-affected group, the affected group had higher Hughes and Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Score (EGRIS) scores at admission and longer hospital stays ( < 0.0001). Patients in the affected group were more likely to have bulbar palsy and lung infections ( < 0.0001). To conclude, bulbar palsy, a higher EGRIS score and Hughes score at admission, a lower MRC score, and a shorter time between onset and admission, are all predictive risk factors for respiratory muscle paralysis in patients with GBS. An increase in any of these factors increases the risk of muscle paralysis. Patients with respiratory muscle paralysis have a poorer short-term prognosis than those without respiratory muscle paralysis. Therefore, we should attempt to identify patients with one or more of these characteristics in the early stages of admission, provide ventilation management, and administer IMV treatment if necessary.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; Retrospective Studies; Bulbar Palsy, Progressive; Respiratory Paralysis; Prognosis; Muscles
PubMed: 37512077
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071267 -
Cell Reports Feb 2024Blood-borne pathogens can cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) followed by protracted, potentially lethal immunosuppression. The mechanisms responsible...
Blood-borne pathogens can cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) followed by protracted, potentially lethal immunosuppression. The mechanisms responsible for impaired immunity post-SIRS remain unclear. We show that SIRS triggered by pathogen mimics or malaria infection leads to functional paralysis of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs). Paralysis affects several generations of cDCs and impairs immunity for 3-4 weeks. Paralyzed cDCs display distinct transcriptomic and phenotypic signatures and show impaired capacity to capture and present antigens in vivo. They also display altered cytokine production patterns upon stimulation. The paralysis program is not initiated in the bone marrow but during final cDC differentiation in peripheral tissues under the influence of local secondary signals that persist after resolution of SIRS. Vaccination with monoclonal antibodies that target cDC receptors or blockade of transforming growth factor β partially overcomes paralysis and immunosuppression. This work provides insights into the mechanisms of paralysis and describes strategies to restore immunocompetence post-SIRS.
Topics: Humans; Blood-Borne Pathogens; Immunosuppression Therapy; Dendritic Cells; Paralysis; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
PubMed: 38354086
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113754 -
Cells Jul 2023Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) includes a heterogeneous group of disorders pathologically characterized by the degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes....
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) includes a heterogeneous group of disorders pathologically characterized by the degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes. In addition to major genetic contributors of FTLD such as mutations in , , and , recent work has identified several epigenetic modifications including significant differential DNA methylation in , and loci. As aging remains one of the major risk factors for FTLD, we investigated the presence of accelerated epigenetic aging in FTLD compared to controls. We calculated epigenetic age in both peripheral blood and brain tissues of multiple FTLD subtypes using several DNA methylation clocks, i.e., DNAmClock, DNAmClock, DNAmClock, GrimAge, and PhenoAge, and determined age acceleration and its association with different cellular proportions and clinical traits. Significant epigenetic age acceleration was observed in the peripheral blood of both frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients compared to controls with DNAmClock, even after accounting for confounding factors. A similar trend was observed with both DNAmClock and DNAmClock in post-mortem frontal cortex tissue of PSP patients and in FTLD cases harboring mutations. Our findings support that increased epigenetic age acceleration in the peripheral blood could be an indicator for PSP and to a smaller extent, FTD.
Topics: Humans; Frontotemporal Dementia; Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration; Brain; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive; Mutation; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases
PubMed: 37508584
DOI: 10.3390/cells12141922 -
Journal of Neuro-oncology Oct 2023To perform a systematic review of literature specific to single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for large vestibular schwannomas (VS), maximum... (Review)
Review
Single-fraction radiosurgery outcomes for large vestibular schwannomas in the upfront or post-surgical setting: a systematic review and International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society (ISRS) Practice Guidelines.
PURPOSE
To perform a systematic review of literature specific to single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for large vestibular schwannomas (VS), maximum diameter ≥ 2.5 cm and/or classified as Koos Grade IV, and to present consensus recommendations on behalf of the International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society (ISRS).
METHODS
The Medline and Embase databases were used to apply the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. We considered eligible prospective and retrospective studies, written in the English language, reporting treatment outcomes for large VS; SRS for large post-operative tumors were analyzed in aggregate and separately.
RESULTS
19 of the 229 studies initially identified met the final inclusion criteria. Overall crude rate of tumor control was 89% (93.7% with no prior surgery vs 87.7% with prior surgery). Rates of salvage microsurgical resection, need for shunt, and additional SRS in all series versus those with no prior surgery were 9.6% vs 3.3%, 4.7% vs 6.4% and 1% vs 0.9%, respectively. Rates of facial palsy and hearing preservation in all series versus those with no prior surgery were 1.3% vs 3.4% and 34.2% vs 40.4%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Upfront SRS resulted in high rates of tumor control with acceptable rates of facial palsy and hearing preservation as compared to the results in those series including patients with prior surgery (level C evidence). Therefore, although large VS are considered classic indication for microsurgical resection, upfront SRS can be considered in selected patients and we recommend a prescribed marginal dose from 11 to 13 Gy (level C evidence).
Topics: Humans; Radiosurgery; Retrospective Studies; Neuroma, Acoustic; Prospective Studies; Facial Paralysis; Treatment Outcome; Follow-Up Studies
PubMed: 37843727
DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04455-8 -
BMC Surgery Aug 2023The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between individual surgeon's intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) practice and factors associated with vocal...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between individual surgeon's intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) practice and factors associated with vocal cord (VC) dysfunction in patients with thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy.
METHODS
Using Collaborative Endocrine Surgery Quality Improvement Program (CESQIP) 2014-21 data, multivariable logistic regression analyses investigated variables associated with short- and long-term VC-dysfunction, associations of routine use of IONM with postoperative outcomes, and patient characteristics associated with IONM use.
RESULTS
Among 5,446 patients (76.7% female, mean age 49 years), 68.5% had surgery by surgeons using IONM in ≥ 90% of cases (63% of surgeons, n = 73). Post-operative VC-dysfunction was diagnosed by laryngoscopy in 3.0% of patients in the short-term and 2.7% in the long-term. When surgeons routinely used IONM, the incidence of VC-dysfunction was 2.4% in the short-term and 2.2% in the long-term, compared to 4.4% and 3.7%, respectively, when surgeons did not routinely use IONM (p < 0.01). After adjustment, routine use of IONM was independently associated with reduced risk of short- (OR 0.48, p < 0.01) and long-term (OR 0.52, p < 0.01) VC-dysfunction, a lower risk of postoperative hypoparathyroidism in the short- (OR 0.67, p < 0.01) and long-term (OR 0.54, p < 0.01), and higher likelihood of same-day discharge (OR 2.03, p < 0.01). Extrathyroidal tumor extension and N1-stage were factors associated with postoperative VC-dysfunction in the short- (OR 3.12, p < 0.01; OR 1.92, p = 0.01, respectively) and long-term (OR 3.11, p < 0.01; OR 2.32, p < 0.01, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Routine use of IONM was independently associated with a lower risk of endocrine surgery-specific complications and greater likelihood of same-day discharge.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Vocal Cord Paralysis; Thyroidectomy; Vocal Cord Dysfunction; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 37533002
DOI: 10.1186/s12893-023-02122-3 -
Psychiatry Research. Neuroimaging Oct 2023Parkinson's disease (PD), multisystem atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) present similarly with bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and cognitive...
Striatal and thalamic automatic segmentation, morphology, and clinical correlates in Parkinsonism: Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy.
Parkinson's disease (PD), multisystem atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) present similarly with bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and cognitive impairments. Neuroimaging studies have found differential changes in the nigrostriatal pathway in these disorders, however whether the volume and shape of specific regions within this pathway can distinguish between atypical Parkinsonian disorders remains to be determined. This paper investigates striatal and thalamic volume and morphology as distinguishing biomarkers, and their relationship to neuropsychiatric symptoms. Automatic segmentation to calculate volume and shape analysis of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and thalamus were performed in 18 PD patients, 12 MSA, 15 PSP, and 20 healthy controls, then correlated with clinical measures. PSP bilateral thalami and right putamen were significantly smaller than controls, but not MSA or PD. The left caudate and putamen significantly correlated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory total score. Bilateral thalamus, caudate, and left putamen had significantly different morphology between groups, driven by differences between PSP and healthy controls. This study demonstrated that PSP patient striatal and thalamic volume and shape are significantly different when compared with controls. Parkinsonian disorders could not be differentiated on volumetry or morphology, however there are trends for volumetric and morphological changes associated with PD, MSA, and PSP.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive; Multiple System Atrophy; Parkinsonian Disorders; Thalamus
PubMed: 37806261
DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111719 -
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi... Dec 2023Facial nerve training can prevent facial expression muscle atrophy and promote the recovery of facial para-lysis in patients with peripheral facial paralysis. However,...
Facial nerve training can prevent facial expression muscle atrophy and promote the recovery of facial para-lysis in patients with peripheral facial paralysis. However, there is still a lack of specific and unified technical standards for facial nerve training, which results in a variety of clinical training methods and uneven levels. In order to standardize the application of facial nerve function training technology for nursing staff, the study convened relevant domestic experts, based on evidence-based combination with the disease characteristics of peripheral facial paralysis and expert clinical experience, conducted in-depth interviews with experts, expert correspondence and expert meetings, and finally formulated the expert consensus on facial nerve function training in patients with peripheral facial paralysis. Overall, suggestions for standardizing the timing, training methods, evaluation methods, health education and other aspects were provided for clinical reference.
Topics: Humans; Facial Paralysis; Facial Nerve; Consensus; Face
PubMed: 38597024
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2023.2023200 -
EBioMedicine Nov 2023Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a primary 4-repeat tauopathy with diverse clinical phenotypes. Previous post-mortem studies examined tau deposition sequences in...
BACKGROUND
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a primary 4-repeat tauopathy with diverse clinical phenotypes. Previous post-mortem studies examined tau deposition sequences in PSP, but in vivo scrutiny is lacking.
METHODS
We conducted [F]Florzolotau tau positron emission tomography (PET) scans on 148 patients who were clinically diagnosed with PSP and 20 healthy controls. We employed the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm to identify PSP subtype/stage and related tau patterns, comparing clinical features across subtypes and assessing PSP stage-clinical severity association. We also evaluated functional connectivity differences among subtypes through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.
FINDINGS
We identified two distinct subtypes of PSP: Subtype1 and Subtype2. Subtype1 typically exhibits a sequential progression of the disease, starting from subcortical and gradually moving to cortical regions. Conversely, Subtype2 is characterized by an early, simultaneous onset in both regions. Interestingly, once the disease is initiated, Subtype1 tends to spread more rapidly within each region compared to Subtype2. Individuals categorized as Subtype2 are generally older and exhibit less severe dysfunctions in areas such as cognition, bulbar, limb motor, and general motor functions compared to those with Subtype1. Moreover, they have a more favorable prognosis in terms of limb motor function. We found significant correlations between several clinical variables and the identified PSP SuStaIn stages. Furthermore, Subtype2 displayed a remarkable reduction in functional connectivity compared to Subtype1.
INTERPRETATION
We present the evidence of distinct in vivo spatiotemporal tau trajectories in PSP. Our findings can contribute to precision medicine advancements for PSP.
FUNDING
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (number 82272039, 81971641, 82021002, and 92249302); Swiss National Science Foundation (number 188350); the STI2030-Major Project of China (number 2022ZD0211600); the Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development Center of China (number SHDC2020CR1038B); and the National Key R&D Program of China (number 2022YFC2009902, 2022YFC2009900), the China Scholarship Council (number 202006100181); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany's Excellence Strategy within the framework of the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (EXC 2145 SyNergy, ID 390857198).
Topics: Humans; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive; tau Proteins; China; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 37839135
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104835 -
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine Aug 2023Post-stroke shoulder pain is a serious challenge for stroke survivors. The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the literature to confirm information on structural... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Post-stroke shoulder pain is a serious challenge for stroke survivors. The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the literature to confirm information on structural changes in post-stroke shoulders detected by ultrasound examination.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched until 7 December 2022, for studies describing shoulder sonographic findings in stroke patients. Two independent authors selected the studies, extracted the data, and performed the critical appraisal.
RESULTS
A total of 23 clinical studies were included. The most prevalent pathologies in hemiplegic shoulders pertained to the biceps long head tendon (41.4%), followed by the supraspinatus tendon (33.2%), subdeltoid bursa (29.3%), acromioclavicular joint (15.0%), and subscapularis tendon (9.2%). The common pathological findings encompassed bicipital peritendinous effusion (39.2%), biceps tendinopathy (35.5%), subdeltoid bursitis (29.3%) and supraspinatus tendinopathy (24.6%). Biceps long head tendon and supraspinatus tendon abnormalities were observed significantly more in the hemiplegic (vs contralateral) shoulders, with odds ratios of 3.814 (95% confidence interval 2.044-7.117) and 2.101 (95% confidence interval 1.257-3.512), respectively. No correlation was observed between motor function and shoulder pathology.
CONCLUSION
Ultrasonography enabled the identification of common shoulder pathologies after stroke. Further research is needed to establish the association between these changes and the clinical course of stroke patients.
Topics: Humans; Shoulder; Hemiplegia; Rotator Cuff; Tendons; Bursitis; Pain
PubMed: 37615388
DOI: 10.2340/jrm.v55.13432