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The Journal of Clinical Investigation Feb 2024Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and comprises a spectrum of several different disorders, including simple... (Review)
Review
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and comprises a spectrum of several different disorders, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and superimposed hepatocellular carcinoma. Although tremendous progress has been made in the field of ALD over the last 20 years, the pathogenesis of ALD remains obscure, and there are currently no FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of ALD. In this Review, we discuss new insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of ALD, utilizing the study of multiomics and other cutting-edge approaches. The potential translation of these studies into clinical practice and therapy is deliberated. We also discuss preclinical models of ALD, interplay of ALD and metabolic dysfunction, alcohol-associated liver cancer, the heterogeneity of ALD, and some potential translational research prospects for ALD.
Topics: Humans; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Ethanol; Fatty Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Liver
PubMed: 38299591
DOI: 10.1172/JCI176345 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023Hypertension is a prevalent chronic disease associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) premature death, and its severe form manifests as resistant... (Review)
Review
Hypertension is a prevalent chronic disease associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) premature death, and its severe form manifests as resistant hypertension (RH). The accurate prevalence of resistant hypertension is difficult to determine due to the discrepancy in data from various populations, but according to recent publications, it ranges from 6% to 18% in hypertensive patients. However, a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of RH is essential. This review emphasizes the importance of identifying the causes of treatment resistance in antihypertensive therapy and highlights the utilization of appropriate diagnostic methods. We discussed innovative therapies such as autonomic neuromodulation techniques like renal denervation (RDN) and carotid baroreceptor stimulation, along with invasive interventions such as arteriovenous anastomosis as potential approaches to support patients with inadequate medical treatment and enhance outcomes in RH.
Topics: Humans; Hypertension; Therapies, Investigational; Kidney; Autonomic Nervous System
PubMed: 37629095
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612911 -
Clinical and Experimental Hypertension... Dec 2023Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardio-cerebral vascular diseases, which brings a heavy economic burden to society and becomes a major public... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardio-cerebral vascular diseases, which brings a heavy economic burden to society and becomes a major public health problem. At present, the pathogenesis of hypertension is unclear. Increasing evidence has proven that the pathogenesis of hypertension is closely related to the dysbiosis of gut microbiota. We briefly reviewed relevant literature on gut microbiota and hypertension to summarize the relationship between gut microbiota and hypertension, linked the antihypertension effects of drugs with their modulation on gut microbiota, and discussed the potential mechanisms of various gut microbes and their active metabolites to alleviate hypertension, thus providing new research ideas for the development of antihypertension drugs.
METHODS
The relevant literature was collected systematically from scientific database, including Elsevier, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, as well as other literature sources, such as classic books of herbal medicine.
RESULTS
Hypertension can lead to gut microbiota imbalance and gut barrier dysfunction, including increased harmful bacteria and hydrogen sulfide and lipopolysaccharide, decreased beneficial bacteria and short-chain fatty acids, decreased intestinal tight junction proteins and increased intestinal permeability. Gut microbiota imbalance is closely related to the occurrence and development of hypertension. At present, the main methods to regulate the gut microbiota include fecal microbiota transplantation, supplementation of probiotics, antibiotics, diet and exercise, antihypertensive drugs, and natural medicines.
CONCLUSIONS
Gut microbiota is closely related to hypertension. Investigating the correlation between gut microbiota and hypertension may help to reveal the pathogenesis of hypertension from the perspective of gut microbiota, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hypertension; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Risk Factors; Probiotics
PubMed: 36994745
DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2195135 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Sarcopenic obesity is defined as the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity in the same individual, characterized by of the co-presence of body fat accumulation and... (Review)
Review
Sarcopenic obesity is defined as the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity in the same individual, characterized by of the co-presence of body fat accumulation and muscle loss. This condition is currently a major concern as it is associated with frailty and disabilities such as cardiovascular disease, fractures, dementia, cancer, and increased all-cause mortality. Particularly, older individuals remain at risk of sarcopenic obesity. Progress at several levels is needed to improve the global prognostic outlook for this condition, including the elaboration and implementation of a more uniform definition that may favor the identification and specification of prevalence by age group. Furthermore, improvements in the understanding of the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity may lead to the development of more specific therapeutic interventions to improve prognosis. We reviewed the knowledge on sarcopenic obesity and its associations with cardiovascular diseases and mortality.
Topics: Humans; Sarcopenia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Obesity; Adipose Tissue; Prognosis
PubMed: 37455897
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1185221 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2023Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most serious extra-articular complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which increases the mortality of RA. Because the... (Review)
Review
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most serious extra-articular complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which increases the mortality of RA. Because the pathogenesis of RA-ILD remains poorly understood, appropriate therapeutic strategies and biomarkers have not yet been identified. Thus, the goal of this review was to summarize and analyze the reported data on the etiology and pathogenesis of RA-ILD. The incidence of RA-ILD increases with age, and is also generally higher in men than in women and in patients with specific genetic variations and ethnicity. Lifestyle factors associated with an increased risk of RA-ILD include smoking and exposure to pollutants. The presence of an anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, high RA disease activity, and rheumatoid factor positivity also increase the risk of RA-ILD. We also explored the roles of biological processes (e.g., fibroblast-myofibroblast transition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immunological processes), signaling pathways (e.g., JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt), and the histopathology of RA involved in RA-ILD pathogenesis based on published preclinical and clinical models of RA-ILD in animal and human studies.
Topics: Male; Animals; Humans; Female; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Risk Factors; Rheumatoid Factor
PubMed: 37833957
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914509 -
Autoimmunity Reviews Nov 2023Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated degenerative disease of the central nervous system, characterized by inflammatory demyelination. It is primarily found... (Review)
Review
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated degenerative disease of the central nervous system, characterized by inflammatory demyelination. It is primarily found in women of childbearing age, making pregnancy a significant concern for both patients with MS and clinicians. To assist these patients in achieving their desire for pregnancy, reducing MS relapses during all stages of pregnancy, preventing the progression of MS, mitigating the impact of MS treatment on the course and outcome of pregnancy, and a thorough understanding of the relationship between pregnancy and MS, as well as specific management and the application of relevant medications for MS patients at each stage of pregnancy, are essential. This article provides an update on pregnancy-related issues in women with MS, including the general recommendations for management at each stage of pregnancy.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Multiple Sclerosis; Pregnancy Complications; Recurrence
PubMed: 37741528
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103449 -
EBioMedicine Nov 2023The gut-liver axis plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis and therapy of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The intestinal specific origin of several hormones that... (Review)
Review
The gut-liver axis plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis and therapy of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The intestinal specific origin of several hormones that guide both inter- and post-prandial metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, drives the attention of scientists and clinicians on the gut as a major site to intervene with novel diagnostic or prognostic markers. The role of intestinal ecology in the metabolic syndrome was postulated when gut microbiota was directly connected with inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, and diabetes. There have been several discoveries with the role of gut microbiota and gut-liver axis in diabetes. Also, there are several trials ongoing on the therapeutic efficacy of probiotic administration in diabetes and its complications. Here we point to the metabolic action of microbiota and discuss the actual state of the art on gut microbiota as a novel prognostic biomarker with a putative therapeutic role in diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Prebiotics; Obesity; Diabetes Mellitus; Probiotics
PubMed: 37804567
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104821 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are known as extracellular fibers networks consisting of antimicrobial proteins and decondensated chromatin DNA released by... (Review)
Review
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are known as extracellular fibers networks consisting of antimicrobial proteins and decondensated chromatin DNA released by activated neutrophils. NETosis is a NETs-induced neutrophilic cell death which is unique from necrosis or apoptosis. Besides its neutralizing pathogen, NETosis plays a crucial role in diabetes and diabetes-related complications. In patients with diabetes, NETs-releasing products are significantly elevated in blood, and these findings confirm the association of NETosis and diabetic complications, including diabetic wound healing, diabetic retinopathy, and atherosclerosis. This article briefly summarizes the mechanisms of NETosis and discusses its contribution to the pathogenesis of diabetes-related complications and suggests new therapeutic targets by some small molecule compounds.
Topics: Humans; Neutrophils; Diabetic Retinopathy; Extracellular Traps; Apoptosis; Atherosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37600700
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1202463 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm of mature T-cells. Most patients with T-PLL present with lymphocytosis, anemia,... (Review)
Review
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm of mature T-cells. Most patients with T-PLL present with lymphocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly. Correct identification of T-PLL is essential because treatment for this disease is distinct from that of other T-cell neoplasms. In 2019, the T-PLL International Study Group (TPLL-ISG) established criteria for the diagnosis, staging, and assessment of response to treatment of T-PLL with the goal of harmonizing research efforts and supporting clinical decision-making. T-PLL pathogenesis is commonly driven by T-cell leukemia 1 () overexpression and loss, genetic alterations that are incorporated into the TPLL-ISG diagnostic criteria. The cooperativity between family members and is seemingly unique to T-PLL across the spectrum of T-cell neoplasms. The role of the T-cell receptor, its downstream kinases, and JAK/STAT signaling are also emerging themes in disease pathogenesis and have obvious therapeutic implications. Despite improved understanding of disease pathogenesis, alemtuzumab remains the frontline therapy in the treatment of naïve patients with indications for treatment given its high response rate. Unfortunately, the responses achieved are rarely durable, and the majority of patients are not candidates for consolidation with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Improved understanding of T-PLL pathogenesis has unveiled novel therapeutic vulnerabilities that may change the natural history of this lymphoproliferative neoplasm and will be the focus of this concise review.
Topics: Humans; Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, T-Cell; Alemtuzumab; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Mutation
PubMed: 37569479
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512106