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Ugeskrift For Laeger Apr 2024Perioperative anaphylaxis is rare and the diagnosis is difficult to distinguish from normal side effects from anaesthesia. Anaesthetists should be able to diagnose...
Perioperative anaphylaxis is rare and the diagnosis is difficult to distinguish from normal side effects from anaesthesia. Anaesthetists should be able to diagnose anaphylaxis and treat promptly with adrenaline and fluids. Allergy investigation should be performed subsequently. This is a case report of perioperative anaphylaxis to propofol. Propofol contains refined soya oil and egg lecithin, but no connection between allergy to soy, egg or peanut and allergy to propofol has been proven, and international guidelines recommend that propofol can be used in patients with these food allergies.
Topics: Humans; Anaphylaxis; Propofol; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Epinephrine; Male
PubMed: 38704709
DOI: 10.61409/V11230746 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023
PubMed: 37351209
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1226637 -
Microorganisms Mar 2024Mycotoxins are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic toxic compounds produced by some filamentous fungi, which are extremely harmful to corn, rice, wheat, peanut,... (Review)
Review
Mycotoxins are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic toxic compounds produced by some filamentous fungi, which are extremely harmful to corn, rice, wheat, peanut, soybean, rapeseed and other grain and oil crops, and seriously threaten environmental safety, food safety and human health. With the rapid increase in the global population and the expansion of the main crop planting area, mycotoxin contamination has increased year by year in agricultural products. The current review aimed to summarize the contamination status and harmful effects of major mycotoxins of grain and oil crops and the environmental factors that impact mycotoxin contamination. Further, control measures of mycotoxin contamination, especially the biological control strategies, were discussed.
PubMed: 38543618
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030567 -
The Plant Genome Dec 2023In addition to the challenge of meeting global demand for food production, there are increasing concerns about food safety and the need to protect consumer health from... (Review)
Review
In addition to the challenge of meeting global demand for food production, there are increasing concerns about food safety and the need to protect consumer health from the negative effects of foodborne allergies. Certain bio-molecules (usually proteins) present in food can act as allergens that trigger unusual immunological reactions, with potentially life-threatening consequences. The relentless working lifestyles of the modern era often incorporate poor eating habits that include readymade prepackaged and processed foods, which contain additives such as peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, and soy-based products, rather than traditional home cooking. Of the predominant allergenic foods (soybean, wheat, fish, peanut, shellfish, tree nuts, eggs, and milk), peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) are the best characterized source of allergens, followed by tree nuts (Juglans regia, Prunus amygdalus, Corylus avellana, Carya illinoinensis, Anacardium occidentale, Pistacia vera, Bertholletia excels), wheat (Triticum aestivum), soybeans (Glycine max), and kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). The prevalence of food allergies has risen significantly in recent years including chance of accidental exposure to such foods. In contrast, the standards of detection, diagnosis, and cure have not kept pace and unfortunately are often suboptimal. In this review, we mainly focus on the prevalence of allergies associated with peanut, tree nuts, wheat, soybean, and kidney bean, highlighting their physiological properties and functions as well as considering research directions for tailoring allergen gene expression. In particular, we discuss how recent advances in molecular breeding, genetic engineering, and genome editing can be used to develop potential low allergen food crops that protect consumer health.
Topics: Animals; Food Hypersensitivity; Nuts; Arachis; Allergens; Glycine max; Crops, Agricultural
PubMed: 37641460
DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20375 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Peanut meal (PM) is a by-product of extracting oil from peanut kernels. Although peanut meal contains protein, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and small amounts of... (Review)
Review
Peanut meal (PM) is a by-product of extracting oil from peanut kernels. Although peanut meal contains protein, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and small amounts of polyphenols and fiber, it has long been used as a feed in the poultry and livestock industries due to its coarse texture and unpleasant taste. It is less commonly utilized in the food processing industry. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research conducted on the deep processing of by-products from oil crops, resulting in the high-value processing and utilization of by-products from various oil crops. These include peanut meal, which undergoes treatments such as enzymatic hydrolysis in industries like food, chemical, and aquaculture. The proteins, lipids, polyphenols, fibers, and other components present in these by-products and hydrolysates can be incorporated into products for further utilization. This review focuses on the research progress in various fields, such as the food processing, breeding, and industrial fields, regarding the high-value utilization of peanut meal and its hydrolysates. The aim is to provide valuable insights and strategies for maximizing the utilization of peanut meal resources.
Topics: Arachis; Plant Breeding; Food Handling; Protein Hydrolysates; Food-Processing Industry; Polyphenols
PubMed: 37836705
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196862 -
Global Health Action Dec 2024Homemade peanut oil is widely consumed in rural areas of Southwestern China, which is easily contaminated by aflatoxins (AFs) and associated with adverse birth outcomes.
BACKGROUND
Homemade peanut oil is widely consumed in rural areas of Southwestern China, which is easily contaminated by aflatoxins (AFs) and associated with adverse birth outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the effect of exposure to homemade peanut oil consumption on low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PB) and other associated factors.
METHODS
A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women in Guangxi province, Southwestern China. Information of all eligible women on homemade peanut oil consumption and potential factors associated with LBW and PB was collected, and all were followed up until delivery. The effect of homemade peanut oil exposure was analyzed using multiple logistic regression models using the directed acyclic graph (DAG) approach.
RESULTS
Of 1611 pregnant women, 1316 (81.7%) had consumed homemade peanut oil, and the rates of LBW and PB were 9.7% and 10.0%, respectively. Increased risks of LBW and PB in women with homemade peanut oil consumption were found with aORs of 1.9 (95% CI 1.1-3.2) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.1-3.0), respectively. Women with a history of PB or LBW were 3-5 times more likely to have higher rates of LBW or PB compared with those without this type of history. The odds of PB were approximately double in those taking medicine during pregnancy. Advanced maternal age, lack of physical exercise during pregnancy, passive smoking, or pregnancy complications were also more likely to have a higher risk of LBW.
CONCLUSIONS
Homemade peanut oil consumption was a potential risk factor for both LBW and PB, of which health authorities who are responsible for food safety of the country should pay more attention to providing recommendation for oil consumption during pregnancy.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Premature Birth; Peanut Oil; Cohort Studies; Prospective Studies; China; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Risk Factors; Pregnancy Complications; Birth Weight; Pregnancy Outcome
PubMed: 38629142
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2336312 -
Plant Biotechnology Journal Nov 2023Peanut (Arachis) is a key oil and protein crop worldwide with large genome. The genomes of diploid and tetraploid peanuts have been sequenced, which were compared to... (Review)
Review
Peanut (Arachis) is a key oil and protein crop worldwide with large genome. The genomes of diploid and tetraploid peanuts have been sequenced, which were compared to decipher their genome structures, evolutionary, and life secrets. Genome sequencing efforts showed that different cultivars, although Bt homeologs being more privileged in gene retention and gene expression. This subgenome bias, extended to sequence variation and point mutation, might be related to the long terminal repeat (LTR) explosions after tetraploidization, especially in At subgenomes. Except that, whole-genome sequences revealed many important genes, for example, fatty acids and triacylglycerols pathway, NBS-LRR (nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeats), and seed size decision genes, were enriched after recursive polyploidization. Each ancestral polyploidy, with old ones having occurred hundreds of thousand years ago, has thousands of duplicated genes in extant genomes, contributing to genetic novelty. Notably, although full genome sequences are available, the actual At subgenome ancestor has still been elusive, highlighted with new debate about peanut origin. Although being an orphan crop lagging behind other crops in genomic resources, the genome sequencing achievement has laid a solid foundation for advancing crop enhancement and system biology research of peanut.
Topics: Arachis; Genome, Plant; Domestication; Chromosome Mapping; Biological Evolution; Polyploidy
PubMed: 37523347
DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14125 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Cultivated peanut ( L.) is an important economic and oilseed crop worldwide, providing high-quality edible oil and high protein content. Seed size/weight and oil content...
Cultivated peanut ( L.) is an important economic and oilseed crop worldwide, providing high-quality edible oil and high protein content. Seed size/weight and oil content are two important determinants of yield and quality in peanut breeding. To identify key regulators controlling these two traits, two peanut cultivars with contrasting phenotypes were compared to each other, one having a larger seed size and higher oil content (Zhonghua16, ZH16 for short), while the second cultivar had smaller-sized seeds and lower oil content (Zhonghua6, ZH6). Whole transcriptome analyses were performed on these two cultivars at four stages of seed development. The results showed that ~40% of the expressed genes were stage-specific in each cultivar during seed development, especially at the early stage of development. In addition, we identified a total of 5356 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ZH16 and ZH6 across four development stages. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) based on DEGs revealed multiple hub genes with potential roles in seed size/weight and/or oil content. These hub genes were mainly involved in transcription factors (TFs), phytohormones, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and fatty acid synthesis. Overall, the candidate genes and co-expression networks detected in this study could be a valuable resource for genetic breeding to improve seed yield and quality traits in peanut.
PubMed: 37687391
DOI: 10.3390/plants12173144 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Peanut oil body emulsion occurs during the process of aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE). The free oil is difficult to release and extract because its structure is...
Peanut oil body emulsion occurs during the process of aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE). The free oil is difficult to release and extract because its structure is stable and not easily destroyed. Demulsification can release free oil in an oil body emulsion, so various fatty acids were selected for the demulsification. Changes in the amount of heptanoic acid added, solid-liquid ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time were adopted to investigate demulsification, and the technological conditions of demulsification were optimized. While the optimal conditions were the addition of 1.26% of heptanoic acid, solid-liquid ratio of 1:3.25, reaction temperature of 72.7 °C, and reaction time of 55 min, the maximum free oil yield was (95.84 ± 0.19)%. The analysis of the fatty acid composition and physicochemical characterization of peanut oils extracted using four methods were studied during the AEE process. Compared with the amount of oil extracted via other methods, the unsaturated fatty acids of oils extracted from demulsification with heptanoic acid contained 78.81%, which was significantly higher than the other three methods. The results of physicochemical characterization indicated that the oil obtained by demulsification with heptanoic acid had a higher quality. According to the analysis of the amino acid composition, the protein obtained using AEE was similar to that of commercial peanut protein powder (CPPP). However, the essential amino acid content of proteins extracted via AEE was significantly higher than that of CPPP. The capacity of water (oil) holding, emulsifying activity, and foaming properties of protein obtained via AEE were better than those for CPPP. Overall, heptanoic acid demulsification is a potential demulsification method, thus, this work provides a new idea for the industrial application of simultaneous separation of oil and proteins via AEE.
PubMed: 37835176
DOI: 10.3390/foods12193523