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Journal of Interventional Cardiology 2023According to the latest coronary interventional guidelines, a drug-eluting stent is the recommended reperfusion therapy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention... (Review)
Review
According to the latest coronary interventional guidelines, a drug-eluting stent is the recommended reperfusion therapy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). However, deficiencies and defects, such as in-stent restenosis (ISR), incomplete stent apposition, stent thrombosis, reinfarction after stent implantation, long-term dual antiplatelet drug use, and adverse reactions of metal implants, plague clinicians and patients. Drug-coated balloon (DCB), which delivers antiproliferative agents into the vessel wall without stent implantation and leaves no implants behind after the procedure, is a novel option for percutaneous coronary intervention and has proven to be a promising strategy in cases of ISR, small vessel coronary artery disease, and bifurcation lesions. However, most of the available experience has been gained in elective percutaneous coronary intervention, and experience in pPCI is lacking. The current evidence for the use of DCB-only in pPCI was discussed and analyzed in this review.
Topics: Humans; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Drug-Eluting Stents; Coronary Restenosis; Treatment Outcome; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Coronary Artery Disease; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Coronary Angiography
PubMed: 37404481
DOI: 10.1155/2023/5210808 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Controlled drug delivery in the oral cavity poses challenges such as bacterial contamination, saliva dilution, and inactivation by salivary enzymes upon ingestion.... (Review)
Review
Controlled drug delivery in the oral cavity poses challenges such as bacterial contamination, saliva dilution, and inactivation by salivary enzymes upon ingestion. Microneedles offer a location-specific, minimally invasive, and retentive approach. Hydrogel-forming microneedles (HFMs) have emerged for dental diagnostics and therapeutics. HFMs penetrate the stratum corneum, undergo swelling upon contact, secure attachment, and enable sustained transdermal or transmucosal drug delivery. Commonly employed polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone are crosslinked with tartaric acid or its derivatives while incorporating therapeutic agents. Microneedle patches provide suture-free and painless drug delivery to keratinized or non-keratinized mucosa, facilitating site-specific treatment and patient compliance. This review comprehensively discusses HFMs' applications in dentistry such as local anesthesia, oral ulcer management, periodontal treatment, etc., encompassing animal experiments, clinical trials, and their fundamental impact and limitations, for example, restricted drug carrying capacity and, until now, a low number of dental clinical trial reports. The review explores the advantages and future perspectives of HFMs for oral drug delivery.
PubMed: 37445119
DOI: 10.3390/ma16134805 -
Parasitology Research Mar 2024Scabies is an itchy skin disease caused by the burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei. During their lifespan, the female mites invade the stratum corneum and create tunnels,... (Review)
Review
Scabies is an itchy skin disease caused by the burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei. During their lifespan, the female mites invade the stratum corneum and create tunnels, in which they reside, move, feed, deposit fecal pellets, and lay eggs. Recently, scabies was included in the World Health Organization roadmap for neglected tropical diseases 2021-2030. This review attempts to summarize our knowledge about the mite's biology and the disease pathogenesis, pathological changes, and complications. Generally, the host-parasite interaction in scabies is highly complex and involves different mechanisms, some of which are yet largely unknown. Elucidation of the nature of such interaction as well as the underlying mechanisms could allow a better understanding of the mite's biology and the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic options for scabies control programs. Moreover, identification of the molecular basis of such interaction could unveil novel targets for acaricidal agents and vaccines.
Topics: Female; Animals; Scabies; Sarcoptes scabiei; Acaricides; Eggs; Epidermis
PubMed: 38433167
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08173-6 -
Biomedicines Apr 2024Glaucoma is a significant cause of blindness worldwide, and its treatment remains challenging. The disease progressively leads to damage to the optic disc and thus loss... (Review)
Review
Glaucoma is a significant cause of blindness worldwide, and its treatment remains challenging. The disease progressively leads to damage to the optic disc and thus loss of visual acuity and visual field. High intraocular pressure (IOP) is a common risk factor. There are three major methods to treat this disease: topical, laser, and surgical. None of these are completely satisfactory; therefore, alternatives using new biomaterials are being sought. Since biomaterial engineering has experienced significant growth in recent decades, its products are gradually being introduced to various branches of medicine, with the exception of ophthalmology. Biomaterials, such as glaucoma drainage implants, have been successfully used to treat glaucoma. There is significant ongoing research on biomaterials as drug delivery systems that could overcome the disadvantages of topical glaucoma treatment, such as poor intraocular penetration or frequent drug administration. This article summarizes the use of novel biomaterials for glaucoma treatment presented in the literature. The literature search was based on articles published in English on PubMed.gov, Cochranelibrary.com, and Scopus.com between 2018 and 2023 using the following term "biomaterials in glaucoma." A total of 103 published articles, including twenty-two reviews, were included. Fifty-nine articles were excluded on the basis of their titles and abstracts.
PubMed: 38672168
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040813 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Oct 2023The use of cardiovascular implants is commonplace in clinical practice. However, reproducing the key bioactive and adaptive properties of native cardiovascular tissues... (Review)
Review
The use of cardiovascular implants is commonplace in clinical practice. However, reproducing the key bioactive and adaptive properties of native cardiovascular tissues with an artificial replacement is highly challenging. Exciting new treatment strategies are under development to regenerate (parts of) cardiovascular tissues directly in situ using immunomodulatory biomaterials. Direct exposure to the bloodstream and hemodynamic loads is a particular challenge, given the risk of thrombosis and adverse remodeling that it brings. However, the blood is also a source of (immune) cells and proteins that dominantly contribute to functional tissue regeneration. This review explores the potential of the blood as a source for the complete or partial in situ regeneration of cardiovascular tissues, with a particular focus on the endothelium, being the natural blood-tissue barrier. We pinpoint the current scientific challenges to enable rational engineering and testing of blood-contacting implants to leverage the regenerative potential of the blood.
Topics: Humans; Biocompatible Materials; Cardiovascular System; Prostheses and Implants; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 37690484
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115085 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Skeletons play an important role in the human body, and can form gaps of varying sizes once damaged. Bone defect healing involves a series of complex physiological... (Review)
Review
Skeletons play an important role in the human body, and can form gaps of varying sizes once damaged. Bone defect healing involves a series of complex physiological processes and requires ideal bone defect implants to accelerate bone defect healing. Traditional grafts are often accompanied by issues such as insufficient donors and disease transmission, while some bone defect implants are made of natural and synthetic polymers, which have characteristics such as good porosity, mechanical properties, high drug loading efficiency, biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, their antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and bone repair promoting abilities are limited. Flavonoids are natural compounds with various biological activities, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Their good anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities make them beneficial for the treatment of bone defects. Several researchers have designed different types of flavonoid-loaded polymer implants for bone defects. These implants have good biocompatibility, and they can effectively promote the expression of angiogenesis factors such as VEGF and CD31, promote angiogenesis, regulate signaling pathways such as Wnt, p38, AKT, Erk and increase the levels of osteogenesis-related factors such as Runx-2, OCN, OPN significantly to accelerate the process of bone defect healing. This article reviews the effectiveness and mechanism of biomaterials loaded with flavonoids in the treatment of bone defects. Flavonoid-loaded biomaterials can effectively promote bone defect repair, but we still need to improve the overall performance of flavonoid-loaded bone repair biomaterials to improve the bioavailability of flavonoids and provide more possibilities for bone defect repair.
Topics: Humans; Biocompatible Materials; Flavonoids; Antioxidants; Osteogenesis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bone Regeneration
PubMed: 37836731
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196888 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Aug 2023Unlike orthopedic implants, dental implants require the orchestration of both osseointegration at the bone-implant interface and soft-tissue integration at the... (Review)
Review
Unlike orthopedic implants, dental implants require the orchestration of both osseointegration at the bone-implant interface and soft-tissue integration at the transmucosal region in a complex oral micro-environment with ubiquitous pathogenic bacteria. This represents a very challenging environment for early acceptance and long-term survival of dental implants, especially in compromised patient conditions, including aged, smoking and diabetic patients. Enabling advanced local therapy from the surface of titanium-based dental implants via novel nano-engineering strategies is emerging. This includes anodized nano-engineered implants eluting growth factors, antibiotics, therapeutic nanoparticles and biopolymers to achieve maximum localized therapeutic action. An important criterion is balancing bioactivity enhancement and therapy (like bactericidal efficacy) without causing cytotoxicity. Critical research gaps still need to be addressed to enable the clinical translation of these therapeutic dental implants. This review informs the latest developments, challenges and future directions in this domain to enable the successful fabrication of clinically-translatable therapeutic dental implants that would allow for long-term success, even in compromised patient conditions.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Dental Implants; Nanotechnology; Osseointegration; Bacteria; Dental Implantation; Titanium; Surface Properties
PubMed: 37263543
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114900 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Oct 2023Owing to their mechanical resilience and non-toxicity, titanium implants are widely applied as the major treatment modality for the clinical intervention against bone... (Review)
Review
Owing to their mechanical resilience and non-toxicity, titanium implants are widely applied as the major treatment modality for the clinical intervention against bone fractures. However, the intrinsic bioinertness of Ti and its alloys often impedes the effective osseointegration of the implants, leading to severe adverse complications including implant loosening, detachment, and secondary bone damage. Consequently, new Ti implant engineering strategies are urgently needed to improve their osseointegration after implantation. Remarkably, metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of novel synthetic material consisting of coordinated metal species and organic ligands, which have demonstrated a plethora of favorable properties for modulating the interfacial properties of Ti implants. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in the development of MOF-coated Ti implants and highlights their potential utility for modulating the bio-implant interface to improve implant osseointegration, of which the discussions are outlined according to their physical traits, chemical composition, and drug delivery capacity. A perspective is also provided in this review regarding the current limitations and future opportunities of MOF-coated Ti implants for orthopedic applications. The insights in this review may facilitate the rational design of more advanced Ti implants with enhanced therapeutic performance and safety.
Topics: Osseointegration; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Titanium; Prostheses and Implants; Bone and Bones
PubMed: 37705110
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303958 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024During the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the development of biodegradable polymeric materials for various industrial applications, including... (Review)
Review
During the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the development of biodegradable polymeric materials for various industrial applications, including human and veterinary medicine. They are promising alternatives to commonly used non-degradable polymers to combat the global plastic waste crisis. Among biodegradable polymers used, or potentially applicable to, veterinary medicine are natural polysaccharides, such as chitin, chitosan, and cellulose as well as various polyesters, including poly(ε-caprolactone), polylactic acid, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and polyhydroxyalkanoates produced by bacteria. They can be used as implants, drug carriers, or biomaterials in tissue engineering and wound management. Their use in veterinary practice depends on their biocompatibility, inertness to living tissue, mechanical resistance, and sorption characteristics. They must be designed specifically to fit their purpose, whether it be: (1) facilitating new tissue growth and allowing for controlled interactions with living cells or cell-growth factors, (2) having mechanical properties that address functionality when applied as implants, or (3) having controlled degradability to deliver drugs to their targeted location when applied as drug-delivery vehicles. This paper aims to present recent developments in the research on biodegradable polymers in veterinary medicine and highlight the challenges and future perspectives in this area.
Topics: Humans; Polyesters; Biocompatible Materials; Tissue Engineering; Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Drug Delivery Systems; Chitosan
PubMed: 38398635
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040883