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British Journal of Sports Medicine Sep 2023To synthesise the evidence on the effects of physical activity on symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adult populations. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To synthesise the evidence on the effects of physical activity on symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adult populations.
DESIGN
Umbrella review.
DATA SOURCES
Twelve electronic databases were searched for eligible studies published from inception to 1 January 2022.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES
Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials designed to increase physical activity in an adult population and that assessed depression, anxiety or psychological distress were eligible. Study selection was undertaken in duplicate by two independent reviewers.
RESULTS
Ninety-seven reviews (1039 trials and 128 119 participants) were included. Populations included healthy adults, people with mental health disorders and people with various chronic diseases. Most reviews (n=77) had a critically low A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews score. Physical activity had medium effects on depression (median effect size=-0.43, IQR=-0.66 to -0.27), anxiety (median effect size=-0.42, IQR=-0.66 to -0.26) and psychological distress (effect size=-0.60, 95% CI -0.78 to -0.42), compared with usual care across all populations. The largest benefits were seen in people with depression, HIV and kidney disease, in pregnant and postpartum women, and in healthy individuals. Higher intensity physical activity was associated with greater improvements in symptoms. Effectiveness of physical activity interventions diminished with longer duration interventions.
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE
Physical activity is highly beneficial for improving symptoms of depression, anxiety and distress across a wide range of adult populations, including the general population, people with diagnosed mental health disorders and people with chronic disease. Physical activity should be a mainstay approach in the management of depression, anxiety and psychological distress.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42021292710.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Anxiety; Chronic Disease; Depression; Health Status; Mental Disorders; Quality of Life; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 36796860
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106195 -
Psychiatry Research Aug 2023Evidence supports the antidepressant effects of resistance exercise training (RET); however, findings among young adults at-risk for elevated depressive symptoms are... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Evidence supports the antidepressant effects of resistance exercise training (RET); however, findings among young adults at-risk for elevated depressive symptoms are limited. This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of eight weeks of ecologically-valid, guidelines-based RET, compared to a wait-list control, on depressive symptoms among 55 young adults (26±5y; 36 female) with and without subclinical, or analogue, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (AGAD; Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire GAD subscale ≥6 and Penn State Worry Questionnaire ≥45) and Major Depressive Disorder (AMDD). Following a three-week familiarization period, participants completed one-on-one, twice-weekly RET sessions. The 16-item, self-reported Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) assessed depressive symptoms. RM-ANCOVAs examined between-group differences, and significant interactions were decomposed with simple effects analysis. Hedges' d effect sizes (95%CI) quantified the magnitude of differences in change between groups across time. Stratified analyses were conducted among subsamples with AMDD and AGAD. There were no baseline depressive symptom differences between groups. Attendance was 83%, and compliance was 80%. RET induced statistically significant, clinically-meaningful, large-magnitude reductions in depressive symptoms from baseline to week eight in the total (d = 1.01; [95%CI: 0.44-1.57]), AMDD (d = 1.71; [95%CI: 0.96-2.46]), and AGAD (d = 1.39; [95%CI: 0.55-2.24]) samples. These findings support guidelines-based RET as a promising treatment for mild depression.
Topics: Humans; Female; Young Adult; Depression; Resistance Training; Depressive Disorder, Major; Exercise; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 37429171
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115322 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023
PubMed: 38094704
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1328762 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023Research on Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) among amateur musicians is of great interest due to inconsistent results in literature. In addition, amateur music represents...
INTRODUCTION
Research on Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) among amateur musicians is of great interest due to inconsistent results in literature. In addition, amateur music represents an important part of musical culture in Germany. Accordingly, the performance experiences of young wind players represent a relevant issue for research and musical practice.
METHODS
In the present study, 67 young amateur musicians of a brass choir were examined. Using two different questionnaires, both the dispositional MPA (K-MPAI) and the performance-specific MPA during a joint concert (Performance-specific Questionnaire for Musicians, PQM) were assessed. The PQM measures the symptoms of MPA, functional coping with MPA and self-efficacy before, during and after a specific performance. The PQM was completed by the musicians an app directly after the concert.
RESULTS
Results showed that about 90% of the young amateur musicians had a low dispositional MPA, but about 10% showed high values. For the concrete performance, however, musicians with high dispositional MPA also experienced a very moderate to low MPA in the concert. On average, the musicians were quite nervous before the performance. After the performance, they showed low levels of MPA. Three types of MPA found in previous studies could be confirmed among the amateur musicians, with three quarters being assigned to the positive type, showing low levels of symptoms associated with consistently high levels of self-efficacy and positive functional coping.
DISCUSSION
The results provide a differentiated picture of different expressions of MPA in young amateur musicians. They also raise further questions about the correlation between dispositional and performance-specific assessment of MPA in musicians in general.
PubMed: 37583605
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1208311