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Cell Reports. Medicine May 2024Dysfunction of the sympathetic nervous system and increased epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) have been independently associated with the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia....
Dysfunction of the sympathetic nervous system and increased epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) have been independently associated with the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia. However, their exact roles in triggering arrhythmia remain elusive. Here, using an in vitro coculture system with sympathetic neurons, cardiomyocytes, and adipocytes, we show that adipocyte-derived leptin activates sympathetic neurons and increases the release of neuropeptide Y (NPY), which in turn triggers arrhythmia in cardiomyocytes by interacting with the Y1 receptor (Y1R) and subsequently enhancing the activity of the Na/Ca exchanger (NCX) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). The arrhythmic phenotype can be partially blocked by a leptin neutralizing antibody or an inhibitor of Y1R, NCX, or CaMKII. Moreover, increased EAT thickness and leptin/NPY blood levels are detected in atrial fibrillation patients compared with the control group. Our study provides robust evidence that the adipose-neural axis contributes to arrhythmogenesis and represents a potential target for treating arrhythmia.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Pericardium; Adipose Tissue; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Myocytes, Cardiac; Neuropeptide Y; Leptin; Adipocytes; Male; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; Neurons; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; Female; Receptors, Neuropeptide Y; Middle Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Sympathetic Nervous System; Mice; Epicardial Adipose Tissue
PubMed: 38744275
DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101559 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is related to atrial fibrillation. The association between EAT volume and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) remains unclear. Our... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is related to atrial fibrillation. The association between EAT volume and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of EAT volume on the risk of frequent PVCs and burden levels of PVCs.
METHODS
This observational study retrospectively recruited consecutive patients who had consultation between 2019 and 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Frequent PVC patients ( = 402) and control patients ( = 402) undergoing non-contrast computed tomography (CT) were enrolled. We selected evaluation criteria for the conduct of a 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to investigate factors related to frequent PVCs. Furthermore, the determinants of EAT volume and the burden levels of PVCs were evaluated.
RESULTS
Patients with PVCs had a significantly larger EAT volume than control patients. EAT volume was significantly larger in male PVC patients with BMI ≥24 kg/m, diabetes mellitus, and E/A ratio <1. EAT volume was independently associated with PVCs. Moreover, the larger EAT volume was an independent predictor for the high burden level of PVCs. We revealed that the risk of high PVC burden level was increased with the rising of EAT volume by restricted cubic splines.
CONCLUSIONS
EAT volume was larger in frequent PVC patients than in control patients, regardless of other confounding factors. A large EAT volume was independently associated with high burden levels of PVCs. EAT volume may be a new mechanism to explain the pathogenesis of PVCs.
Topics: Humans; Male; Retrospective Studies; Ventricular Premature Complexes; Atrial Fibrillation; Pericardium
PubMed: 37822598
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1219890 -
Stem Cell Reports Jul 2023The epicardium plays an essential role in cardiogenesis by providing cardiac cell types and paracrine cues to the developing myocardium. The human adult epicardium is...
The epicardium plays an essential role in cardiogenesis by providing cardiac cell types and paracrine cues to the developing myocardium. The human adult epicardium is quiescent, but recapitulation of developmental features may contribute to adult cardiac repair. The cell fate of epicardial cells is proposed to be determined by the developmental persistence of specific subpopulations. Reports on this epicardial heterogeneity have been inconsistent, and data regarding the human developing epicardium are scarce. Here we specifically isolated human fetal epicardium and used single-cell RNA sequencing to define its composition and to identify regulators of developmental processes. Few specific subpopulations were observed, but a clear distinction between epithelial and mesenchymal cells was present, resulting in novel population-specific markers. Additionally, we identified CRIP1 as a previously unknown regulator involved in epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Overall, our human fetal epicardial cell-enriched dataset provides an excellent platform to study the developing epicardium in great detail.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Pericardium; Myocardium; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Fetus; Single-Cell Analysis; Carrier Proteins; LIM Domain Proteins
PubMed: 37390825
DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.06.002 -
Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular... Oct 2023To assess actual data on the safety, effectiveness, and hemodynamic performance of Bovine Pericardium Organic Valvular Bioprosthesis (BVP). (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
To assess actual data on the safety, effectiveness, and hemodynamic performance of Bovine Pericardium Organic Valvular Bioprosthesis (BVP).
METHODS
The BIOPRO Trial is an observational, retrospective, non-comparative, non-randomized, and multicenter study. We collected data from 903 patients with symptomatic, moderate, or severe valve disease who underwent BVP implants in the timeframe from 2013 to 2020 at three Brazilian institutions. Death, valve-related adverse events (AEs), functional recovery, and hemodynamic performance were evaluated at the hospital, at discharge, and six months and one year later. Primary analysis compared late (> 30 days after implant) linearized rates of valve-related AEs, such as thromboembolism, valve thrombosis, major hemorrhage, major paravalvular leak, and endocarditis, following objective performance criteria (OPC). Analysis was performed to include at least 400 valve-years for each valve position (aortic and mitral) for complete comparisons to OPC. Kaplan-Meier survival and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event analyses were also performed.
RESULTS
This retrospective study analyzed follow-up data collected from 903 patients (834.2 late patient-years) who have undergone surgery for 455 isolated aortic valve replacement (50.4%), 382 isolated mitral valve replacement (42.3%), and 66 combined valve replacement or other intervention (7.3%). The linearized rates of valve-related AEs were < 2 × OPC. One-year survival rates were 95.1% and 92.7% for aortic and mitral valve replacement, respectively. This study demonstrated an improvement in the New York Heart Association classification from baseline and hemodynamic performance within an expected range.
CONCLUSION
According to this analysis, BVP meets world standards for safety and clinical efficacy.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Humans; Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Bioprosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Hemodynamics; Pericardium; Postoperative Complications; Prosthesis Design; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37797247
DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2023-0015 -
Anatolian Journal of Cardiology Nov 2023Perfect heart valve prostheses have optimized hemodynamics, reduced surgical morbidity, long-lasting durability, and extended patient survival with greater quality of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Perfect heart valve prostheses have optimized hemodynamics, reduced surgical morbidity, long-lasting durability, and extended patient survival with greater quality of life. Mechanical valves are recommended; however, young children may need anticoagulant medication for life. In this study, we looked at the success rate and viability of aortic valve neocuspidization (AVNeo) surgery for a variety of aortic disorders.
METHODS
A methodical search strategy was used to fully evaluate the AVNeo results. Boolean operators were used to combine important words like 'Ozaki Procedure,' 'Aortic Valve Neocuspidization,' 'AVNeo,' and associated terms. Reputable databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were the focus of our search. Study quality was assessed using a critical evaluation created with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool.
RESULTS
The findings are summarized in the 'Results' section that contains descriptive and critical analysis, ramifications, and explanations. According to research, AVNeo improved valve function and had few side effects. Aortic valve neocuspidization has a lower mean pressure gradient and a larger mean efficient orifice area than Trifecta. Aortic valve neocuspidization surgery reduces aortic valve regurgitation and pressure gradients. Postoperative echocardiograms indicated a decrease in peak and a rise in mean pressure gradient.
CONCLUSION
The Ozaki method restores a healthy laminar flow pattern while preventing bivalvular disease. Ozaki procedure should be explored for valve repair in infants with truncal valve and congenital aortic disease. Aortic valve tricuspidization with glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium results in considerable effective orifice area, modest pressure gradients, and little regurgitation.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Aortic Valve; Quality of Life; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Pericardium; Aortic Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37909351
DOI: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2023.3477 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Sep 2023Inflammation in cardiac adipose tissue (AT) is associated with atherosclerosis. We investigated whether the epicardial-, pericardial and pre-sternal subcutaneous AT...
BACKGROUND
Inflammation in cardiac adipose tissue (AT) is associated with atherosclerosis. We investigated whether the epicardial-, pericardial and pre-sternal subcutaneous AT (EAT, PAT and SAT) expression of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) are involved in the inflammatory process in coronary heart disease (CHD), and potentially associated to nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-related markers, macrophage polarization markers, cell markers and the cardiometabolic profile.
METHODS
In this cohort study performed between 2016 and 2018, EAT, PAT and SAT biopsies were retrieved from 52 CHD patients (77% men, median age 67) undergoing open-chest coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and 22 patients (50% men, median age 69) undergoing aortic valve replacement serving as controls. AT samples were snap-frozen at - 80 °C until RNA extraction and AT expression of actual markers, relatively quantified by PCR. Circulating SIRT1 and NAMPT were measured with Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Non-parametric statistical tests were mainly used, including Friedman's test coupled to Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Spearman Correlation.
RESULTS
SIRT1 and NAMPT levels were similar in CHD and controls. In CHD, SIRT1 and NAMPT were inter-correlated in all AT compartments (r = 0.37-0.56, p < 0.01, all), and differently expressed between compartments, with the highest expression in SAT, significantly different from EAT (p < 0.01, both). Circulating SIRT1 and NAMPT levels were inversely associated (r = - 0.32, p = 0.024). In EAT and SAT, SIRT1 expression was inversely associated with IL-18 (r = - 0.43 and r = - 0.38, p < 0.01, both), whereas NAMPT expression was positively associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome-related markers in all compartments (r = 0.37-0.55, p < 0.01, all). While SIRT1 and NAMPT correlated to nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), especially in SAT (r = 0.50-0.52, p ≤ 0.01, both), SIRT1 expression was related to endothelial cells, and NAMPT to macrophages. SIRT1 levels were correlated to weight and waist (r = 0.32 and r = 0.38, p < 0.03, both) and inversely to triglycerides and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (r = - 0.33-- 0.37, p < 0.03, all), the latter positively correlated to NAMPT concentration (r = 0.39, p = 0.010).
CONCLUSION
The study indicates that targeting SIRT1, with its anti-inflammatory properties, may be a novel anti-inflammatory strategy in preventing atherosclerosis and CHD progression. NAMPT may be an early player in AT inflammation, mediating/reflecting a pro-inflammatory state.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT02760914, registered the 5th of February 2016, http://clinicaltrials.gov/NCT02760914.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Atherosclerosis; Cohort Studies; Coronary Artery Disease; Endothelial Cells; Inflammasomes; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Pericardium; Sirtuin 1; Subcutaneous Fat
PubMed: 37730614
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04518-4 -
Biomedicines Sep 2023Guided bone regeneration is frequently used to reconstruct the alveolar bone to rehabilitate the mastication using dental implants. The purpose of this article is to...
Guided bone regeneration is frequently used to reconstruct the alveolar bone to rehabilitate the mastication using dental implants. The purpose of this article is to research the properties of eggshell membrane (ESM) and its potential application in tissue engineering. The study focuses on the structural, mechanical, and histological characteristics of ESM extracted from eggs and to compare them to a commercially available porcine pericardium membrane (Jason membrane, botiss biomaterials GmbH, Zossen, Germany). Thus, histology was performed on the ESM, and a comparison of the microstructure through scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was conducted. Also, mechanical tensile strength was evaluated. Samples of ESM were prepared and treated with alcohol for fixation and disinfection. Histological analysis revealed that the ESM architecture is constituted out of loose collagen fibers. However, due to the random arrangement of collagen fibers within the membrane, it might not be an effective barrier and occlusive barrier. Comparative analyses were performed between the ESM and the AFM examinations and demonstrated differences in the surface topography and mechanical properties between the two membranes. The ESM exhibited rougher surfaces and weaker mechanical cohesion attributed to its glycoprotein content. The study concludes that while the ESM displays favorable biocompatibility and resorb ability, its non-uniform collagen arrangement limits its suitability as a guided bone regeneration membrane in the current non-crosslinked native form. Crosslinking techniques may enhance its properties for such applications. Further research is needed to explore modifications and processing methods that could leverage the ESM's unique properties for tissue engineering purposes.
PubMed: 37760970
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092529 -
Tumour Biology : the Journal of the... 2024From its onset and during its progression, lung cancer may affect various extrapulmonary structures. These include the serous membranes, the pleura and pericardium, and... (Review)
Review
From its onset and during its progression, lung cancer may affect various extrapulmonary structures. These include the serous membranes, the pleura and pericardium, and less frequently the central nervous system, with leptomeningeal involvement. In these cases, fluid accumulates in the serous membranes which may contain substances secreted by the tumor. Measuring the concentrations of these substances can provide useful information for elucidating the origin of the fluid accumulation, either in pleural and pericardial effusions or in cerebrospinal fluid. This paper describes the histological types of lung cancer that most frequently affect the serosa and leptomeninges. It also reviews the literature on tumor markers in different fluids and makes recommendations for their interpretation.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers, Tumor; Lung Neoplasms; Ascitic Fluid; Body Fluids; Pericardial Effusion; Pleural Effusion; Pleural Effusion, Malignant
PubMed: 36502355
DOI: 10.3233/TUB-220024 -
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Nov 2023We report successful treatment of a case of disseminated blastomycosis originating in the right lung, with involvement of the right pleural space, multiple ribs and...
We report successful treatment of a case of disseminated blastomycosis originating in the right lung, with involvement of the right pleural space, multiple ribs and vertebral bodies, and the pericardium and mitral valve endocarditis. The 22-year-old patient presented with a 13-month history of right lower lobe pneumonia associated with fevers, night sweats, rib pain, and 27-kg weight loss. Pathology examination revealed from multiple biopsies of inflammatory masses in the right thorax. After a 4-week induction with liposomal amphotericin followed by oral itraconazole, the patient had complete resolution of the clinical and laboratory findings of blastomycosis.
PubMed: 38033983
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad572 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... 2024
Topics: Humans; Heart Neoplasms; Pericardium; Pericardial Effusion
PubMed: 38865525
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.2024S105