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Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jul 2023Ticlopidine exerts its anti-platelet effects mainly by antagonizing platelet p2y12 receptors. Previously, a few studies have shown that ticlopidine can induce liver...
Ticlopidine exerts its anti-platelet effects mainly by antagonizing platelet p2y12 receptors. Previously, a few studies have shown that ticlopidine can induce liver injury, but the exact mechanism of hepatotoxicity remains unclear. Oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, hepatocyte apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory responses can all lead to hepatic liver damage, which can cause hepatotoxicity. In this study, in order to deeply explore the potential molecular mechanisms of ticlopidine -induced hepatotoxicity, we used zebrafish as a model organism to comprehensively evaluate the hepatotoxicity of ticlopidine and its associated mechanism. Three days post-fertilization, zebrafish larvae were exposed to varying concentrations (1.5, 1.75 and 2 μg/mL) of ticlopidine for 72 h, in contrast, adult zebrafish were exposed exposure to 4 μg/mL of ticlopidine for 28 days. Ticlopidine-exposed zebrafish larvae showed changes in liver morphology, shortened body length, and delayed development of the swim bladder development. Liver tissues of ticlopidine-exposed zebrafish larvae and adults stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin revealed vacuolization and increased cellular interstitial spaces in liver tissues. Furthermore, using Oil Red O and periodic acid-Schiff staining methods and evaluating different metabolic enzymes of ticlopidine-exposed zebrafish larvae and adults suggested abnormal liver metabolism and liver injury in both ticlopidine-exposed zebrafish larvae and adults. Ticlopidine also significantly elevated inflammation and oxidative stress and reduced hepatocyte proliferation. During the rescue intervention using N-acetylcysteine, we observed significant improvement in ticlopidine-induced morphological changes in the liver, shortened body length, delayed swim bladder development, and proliferation of liver tissues showed significant improvement. In conclusion, ticlopidine might inhibit normal development and liver proliferation in zebrafish by upregulation of oxidative stress levels, thus leading to embryonic developmental toxicity and hepatotoxicity. In this study, we used zebrafish as a model organism to elucidate the developmental toxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by ticlopidine upregulation of oxidative stress signaling pathway in zebrafish, providing a theoretical basis for clinical application.
PubMed: 37531924
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115283 -
Dental Research Journal 2023Diabetes mellitus is a dominant metabolic disorder in the current fast paced culture; its prevalence is escalating worldwide and among all age groups. Guidelines...
BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus is a dominant metabolic disorder in the current fast paced culture; its prevalence is escalating worldwide and among all age groups. Guidelines recommend universal screening for diabetes; however, the uptake of these tests in individuals suggests challenges owing to invasive nature of blood collection. Thus, there arises the need for a noninvasive investigation for diabetes screening with a minimum paraphilia and for all medical settings.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We have thus conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, to quantify the association between diabetes and effectiveness of periodic acid-Schiff staining of exfoliative cytology as a screening method. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar were searched systematically for publications dated till July 20, 2022. Six studies (case-control cross-sectional) were selected and evaluated in depth. The statistical evaluation was done with a forest plot with odds ratio and weightage examined.
RESULTS
It was proved that exfoliative cytology with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining can be used as a screening test for diabetic status evaluation. The findings suggest that the aforesaid noninvasive test is a conclusive screening practice for diabetics.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that PAS staining in exfoliative cytology can be used as a noninvasive screening in diabetic individuals to assess the current level of blood glucose. Given the increased risk of diabetes worldwide, higher quality prospective evidence is suggested in larger sample sizes with other metabolic disorders, ethnicity, and oral disorders to further evaluate the plausibility of the results.
PubMed: 37483895
DOI: No ID Found -
The Clinical Respiratory Journal Dec 2023Many asthmatic patients are exposed to cigarette smoke actively or passively, which contributes to asthma exacerbation and poor control. This study is to explore the...
INTRODUCTION
Many asthmatic patients are exposed to cigarette smoke actively or passively, which contributes to asthma exacerbation and poor control. This study is to explore the effects of cigarette smoke on pathological changes in murine surrogate of asthma.
METHODS
C57BL/6 mice were sensitised and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish a surrogate of asthma and then administered with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was measured using the Flexivent system. Histological staining (haematoxylin-eosin [HE], periodic acid Schiff [PAS], Congo red and Masson's trichrome) was employed to measure pathological changes in sections of lung tissue of experimental mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the concentrations of total and OVA-specific IgE, cytokines and chemokines (eotaxin-1, IL-13, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-33) in the lung tissue homogenates. Immunoreactivity for vWF and α-SMA in lung tissue sections was detected by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
Exposure of the animals to CSE significantly reduced OVA-induced AHR, the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and eosinophils infiltrating into the lung tissue, as well as concentrations of some cytokines in lung homogenate. In contrast, it significantly enhanced the number of macrophages and M2 in BALF, as well as collagen deposition, smooth muscle thickness and alveolar destruction in lung tissue.
CONCLUSION
CSE inhibits OVA-induced AHR, changes inflammation 'phenotypes', while accelerates some aspects of airways remodelling, which might contribute to worse symptoms and be refractory to anti-inflammation therapies for asthmatics.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Ovalbumin; Cigarette Smoking; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Asthma; Lung; Inflammation; Cytokines; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Phenotype; Disease Models, Animal; Mice, Inbred BALB C
PubMed: 37963721
DOI: 10.1111/crj.13718 -
Membranes Aug 2023Membrane biofouling is the consequence of the deposition of microorganisms on polymer membrane surfaces. Polymeric membranes have garnered more attention for filtering... (Review)
Review
Membrane biofouling is the consequence of the deposition of microorganisms on polymer membrane surfaces. Polymeric membranes have garnered more attention for filtering and purifying water because of their ease of handling, low cost, effortless surface modification, and mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties. The sizes of the pores in the membranes enable micro- and nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis. Commonly used polymers for water filter membranes are polyvinyl chloride (PVA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyamide (PA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethersulfone (PES), polyimide (PI), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinyl alcohol (PA), poly (methacrylic acid) (PMAA), polyaniline nanoparticles (PANI), poly (arylene ether ketone) (PAEK), polyvinylidene fluoride polysulfone (PSF), poly (ether imide) (PEI), etc. However, these polymer membranes are often susceptible to biofouling because of inorganic, organic, and microbial fouling, which deteriorates the membranes and minimizes their lives, and increases operating costs. Biofouling infection on polymer membranes is responsible for many chronic diseases in humans. This contamination cannot be eliminated by periodic pre- or post-treatment processes using biocides and other chemicals. For this reason, it is imperative to modify polymer membranes by surface treatments to enhance their efficiency and longevity. The main objective of this manuscript is to discuss application-oriented approaches to control biofouling on polymer membranes using various surface treatment methods, including nanomaterials and fouling characterizations utilizing advanced microscopy and spectroscopy techniques.
PubMed: 37623797
DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080736 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2023Granulomatous rosacea (GR) is a rare inflammatory skin disease characterized by persistent, hard, yellow, brown, red, or flesh-colored papules, plaques, or nodules on...
Granulomatous rosacea (GR) is a rare inflammatory skin disease characterized by persistent, hard, yellow, brown, red, or flesh-colored papules, plaques, or nodules on the face. Limited data are available on patients treated for GR, with only case reports and case series published. Herein, we describe the case of a 53-year-old woman who presented to the hospital with persistent red to brown and pink patches on both cheeks accompanied by a burning sensation for one month. Histopathological examination of a cutaneous biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation in focal areas. Both acid-fast and Periodic acid-Schiff staining were negative. The patient was diagnosed with GR based on her clinical presentation and laboratory test results. She was treated with abrocitinib, a JAK-1 inhibitor, for 20 weeks. This resulted in substantial improvement in her rash and the associated burning sensation. Subsequent follow-up visits indicated no adverse effects or relapses. Additionally, a literature review was conducted to compare with the current case, which concluded that abrocitinib is a viable treatment option for GR, exhibiting a relatively high safety profile with minimal side effects.
PubMed: 38021428
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S440138 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C,... Sep 2023Sn-doped zeolites are potent Lewis acid catalysts for important reactions in the context of green and sustainable chemistry; however, their synthesis can have long...
Sn-doped zeolites are potent Lewis acid catalysts for important reactions in the context of green and sustainable chemistry; however, their synthesis can have long reaction times and harsh chemical requirements, presenting an obstacle to scale-up and industrial application. To incorporate Sn into the β zeolite framework, solid-state incorporation (SSI) has recently been demonstrated as a fast and solvent-free synthetic method, with no impairment to the high activity and selectivity associated with Sn-β for its catalytic applications. Here, we report an computational study that combines periodic density functional theory with high-level embedded-cluster quantum/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) to elucidate the mechanistic steps in the synthetic process. Initially, once the Sn(II) acetate precursor coordinates to the β framework, acetic acid forms a facile hydrogen transfer from the β framework onto the monodentate acetate ligand, with low kinetic barriers for subsequent dissociation of the ligand from the framework-bound Sn. Ketonization of the dissociated acetic acid can occur over the Lewis acidic Sn(II) site to produce CO and acetone with a low kinetic barrier (1.03 eV) compared to a gas-phase process (3.84 eV), helping to explain product distributions in good accordance with experimental analysis. Furthermore, we consider the oxidation of the Sn(II) species to form the Sn(IV) active site in the material by O- and HO-mediated mechanisms. The kinetic barrier for oxidation H release is 3.26 eV, while the HO-mediated dehydrogenation process has a minimum barrier of 1.38 eV, which indicates the possible role of residual HO in the experimental observations of SSI synthesis. However, we find that dehydrogenation is facilitated more significantly by the presence of dioxygen (O), introduced in the compressed air gas feed, a two-step process oxidation process that forms HO as an intermediate and has greatly reduced kinetic barriers of 0.25 and 0.26 eV. The results provide insight into how Sn insertion into β occurs during SSI and demonstrate the possible mechanism of top-down synthetic procedures for metal insertion into zeolites.
PubMed: 37791098
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02679 -
Cureus Jul 2023Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) is a relatively common, but often misdiagnosed disease of paranasal sinuses. The FRS is classified into invasive and non-invasive forms. The...
Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) is a relatively common, but often misdiagnosed disease of paranasal sinuses. The FRS is classified into invasive and non-invasive forms. The non-invasive form includes fungal ball and allergic FRS, and invasive form includes acute invasive FRS, chronic invasive FRS, and granulomatous FRS. Invasive fungal infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality, hence requiring urgent medical and surgical intervention. The histomorphology can help identify certain fungal organisms that cannot be cultured or are rarely visible in exudates. The morphologic diagnosis of tissue invasive and non-invasive fungal infection is essential for appropriate treatment. We analyzed cases of rhinosinusitis from 2017 to 2019 in Pathology Department at a tertiary care cancer hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. All clinical information was retrieved from patient records. Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), special Grocott methenamine silver stain (GMS), and periodic acid Schiff stain (PAS) according to standard protocol. They were reviewed by two pathologists blinded by fungus status. A total of 169 cases of rhinosinusitis were reviewed. FRS comprised 146 (86.4%) of them. The mean age of patients with FRS was 32.8±14 years. The male:female ratio was 1.4:1. Maxillary sinus was the main site of involvement in 39 (27%) FRS cases. Aspergillus was identified in 117 (80.1%) cases of FRS. The culture reports were available in 44/146 (30.14%) FRS cases. They were negative in 22/44 (50.0%), and Aspergillus species were isolated in 18/44 (40.9%) cases of FRS. There were 84 (57.5%) cases of non-invasive FRS and 59 (40.4%) cases of invasive FRS. Among invasive FRS, there were 56 (38.4%) chronic granulomatous FRS cases including mixed patterns. Majority cases, 54 (96.4%), of chronic granulomatous FRS showed a unique crowded giant cell pattern comprising of foreign body and Langhans type giant cells. These giant cells were arranged closely forming irregular non-caseating granulomas surrounded by lymphocytes and fibrosis. Interestingly, the giant cells were scattered haphazardly without forming a granuloma as well. Fungal organisms were identified in all 56 cases of chronic granulomatous FRS. Histologically, predominant organism was Aspergillus in 48 (85.7%) on GMS and PAS stain. Our study observed a unique crowded giant cell pattern, which is a hallmark of invasive fungal infection. If pathologists are familiar with this unique pattern, they can make a quick and accurate diagnosis on histology. The physician can start antifungal treatment timely for better prognosis.
PubMed: 37583719
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41915 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Jul 2023Chemical bath deposition (CBD) has been demonstrated as a remarkable technology to fabricate high-quality SnO electron transport layer (ETL) for large-area perovskite...
Chemical bath deposition (CBD) has been demonstrated as a remarkable technology to fabricate high-quality SnO electron transport layer (ETL) for large-area perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, surface defects always exist on the SnO film coated by the CBD process, impairing the devices' performance. Here, a facile periodic acid post-treatment (PAPT) method is developed to modify the SnO layer. Periodic acid can react with hydroxyl groups on the surface of SnO films and oxidize Tin(II) oxide to Tin(IV) oxide. With the help of periodic acid, a better energy level alignment between the SnO and perovskite layers is achieved. In addition, the PAPT method inhibits interfacial nonradiative recombination and facilitates charge transportation. Such a multifunctional strategy enables to fabricate PSC with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.25%, which remains 93.32% of its initial efficiency after 3000 h without any encapsulation. Furthermore, 3 × 3 cm perovskite mini-modules are presented, achieving a champion efficiency of 18.10%. All these results suggest that the PAPT method is promising for promoting the commercial application of large-area PSCs.
PubMed: 37140187
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300010 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Dec 2023Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a transmembrane glycoprotein, prevalent across a variety of tissues and cells and can be foundin a solubilised in peripheral blood. This...
BACKGROUND
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a transmembrane glycoprotein, prevalent across a variety of tissues and cells and can be foundin a solubilised in peripheral blood. This paper aims at determining the role of sCD26/sDPP4 in Th17 cell polarization and airway epithelial cell to epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in asthma.
METHODS
Female C57BL/6J mice were treated with ovalbumin to constructed asthma mice. The CD4+ T cell, and bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) were purified from the spleens and bronchus of mice. The KRT8 expression in BECs were identified by immunofluorescence (IF). Th17 cells were differentiated from a CD4+ T cell. Flow cytometry was usewd to identify and calculate the Th17 and Treg cells. Mice woth asthma were treated by DPP4 overexpressing lentivirus or DPP4 inhibitor. Histopathological modifications were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE), periodic acid Schiff (PAS), and Masson staining. The total number of leucocytes was detected using a hemocytometer. For detection, quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting (WB), and IF were used to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to analyze the DPP4, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IL-17 levels.
RESULTS
The findings suggest that sCD26/sDPP4 promote CD4+ T cells differentiation into Th17 cells in a depending on the applied dose. sCD26/sDPP4 up-regulated the expression of α-SMA and down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin in TGF-β1-induced mouse BECs, which was reversed by DPP4 inhibitor. Co-culture induced a synergic effect between Th17 cells and sCD26/sDPP4 on the formation of airway EMT in BECs. Furthermore, DPP4 inhibitor prevented lung-bronchial inflammatory infiltration, mucus secretion, goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition in asthma mice. Meanwhile, DPP4 inhibitor decreased the levels of DPP4, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17 and increased the total number of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthma mice. In addition, DPP4 inhibitor also inhibited airway EMT and Th17 cell polarization in asthma mice.
CONCLUSIONS
The results in this paper show that up-regulation of DPP4 enabled airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthmatic mice by modulating the Th17/IL-17 axis and accelerating the airway EMT, which isa therapeutic target in asthma.
Topics: Animals; Female; Mice; Asthma; Cadherins; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-5; Lung; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Ovalbumin; Th17 Cells
PubMed: 38179747
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2812342 -
Arthritis Research & Therapy Dec 2023To identify the role of gluconeogenesis in chondrocytes in osteoarthritis (OA).
PURPOSE
To identify the role of gluconeogenesis in chondrocytes in osteoarthritis (OA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cartilage samples were collected from OA patients and C57 mice and were stained with Safranin O-Fast Green to determine the severity of OA. Periodic acid Schiff staining was used to characterize the contents of polysaccharides and SA-βGal staining was used to characterize the aging of chondrocytes. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect fructose-bisphosphatase1 (FBP1), SOX9, MMP13, P21, and P16 in cartilage or chondrocyte. The mRNA levels of fbp1, mmp13, sox9, colX, and acan were analyzed by qPCR to evaluate the role of FBP1 in chondrocytes.
RESULTS
The level of polysaccharides in cartilage was reduced in OA and the expression of FBP1 was also reduced. We treated the chondrocytes with IL-1β to cause OA in vitro, and then made chondrocytes overexpress FBP1 with plasma. It shows that FBP1 alleviated the degeneration and senescence of chondrocytes in vitro and that it also showed the same effects in vivo experiments. To further understand the mechanism of FBP1, we screened the downstream protein of FBP1 and found that CRB3 was significantly downregulated. And we confirmed that CRB3 suppressed the degeneration and delayed senescence of chondrocytes.
CONCLUSIONS
FBP1 promoted the polysaccharide synthesis in cartilage and alleviated the degeneration of cartilage by regulating CRB3, so FBP1 is a potential target in treating OA.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Cartilage, Articular; Chondrocytes; Interleukin-1beta; Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; Osteoarthritis; Polysaccharides; Fructose-Bisphosphatase; Membrane Glycoproteins
PubMed: 38049890
DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03221-5