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Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... May 2024Retrograde upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction (R-UESD) is characterized by the inability to belch. Evidence of using high-resolution manometry (HRM) in diagnosing...
Retrograde upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction (R-UESD) is characterized by the inability to belch. Evidence of using high-resolution manometry (HRM) in diagnosing R-UESD has emerged in recent years. We describe the clinical picture and HRM patterns of two patients with R-UESD. Case 1: A 23-year-old female presented with a two-year complaint of inability to belch. We performed HRM with a belch provocation test for which the patient drank 500 ml of carbonated water. The study revealed increased esophageal pressure, an absence of UES relaxation and secondary peristalsis once the patient mentioned the need to belch. Case 2: A 21-year-old male presented to our medical office with a history of an incapacity to belch during the last three years. We performed HRM with a belch provocation test. During the study, he reported an incapacity to belch and his symptoms coincided with increased esophageal pressure, an absence of UES relaxation, and secondary peristalsis. Retrograde upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction is a rare condition characterized by a lack of UES relaxation during esophageal distension. The incapacity to belch is the hallmark of the disease. We encourage the use of HRM, looking for an increase in esophageal pressure to the level of gastric pressure, failure of UES relaxation with consequently no venting of air across the UES, and secondary peristalsis. In conclusion, diverse R-UESD clinical presentations represent a diagnostic challenge for physicians. This case series highlights the need to actively search for typical HRM findings when encountering patients referring an incapacity to belch.
PubMed: 38767031
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10478/2024 -
Journal of Advanced Research Dec 2023Flow dynamics due to the peristaltic pumping has been the topic of great interest for the researchers. But numerical and analytical analyses for the peristaltic motion...
INTRODUCTION
Flow dynamics due to the peristaltic pumping has been the topic of great interest for the researchers. But numerical and analytical analyses for the peristaltic motion are limited where flow domain is deformed real-time. Research on peristalsis has a limitation where theoretical aspects of walls motion are considered, neglecting the real time deformation of the walls.
OBJECTIVES
This paper aims to propose a more reliable and accurate numerical methodology for peristaltic motions to address the above-mentioned challenge. Stream traces, velocities, and pressure drops along the tube is to be visualized more accurately.
METHODS
In present study a finite volume based dynamic mesh motion method is adopted to analyze the peristaltic motion of a non-Newtonian Quemada fluid in an axisymmetric channel. The walls and interior domain of the channel is dynamically deformed for a sinusoidal wave traveling on boundary.
RESULTS
Simulation of unsteady flow behavior for time t=0s to 2s and amplitude ratio Φ=0.2,0.4,and0.6. predicts fluid trapping phenomenon. Rotation of fluid particles is more prominent for higher amplitude ratios. Pressure gradient increases with increasing amplitude ratios.
CONCLUSION
A novel dynamic mesh method is proposed for peristaltic pumping. It provides more accurate and more physical results for stream traces; pressure drops and velocities along the tube. A limited case of the study validates the theoretical and analytical results already presented in literature; hence the method is reliable.
PubMed: 36738988
DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.01.022 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Cannabinoids and their receptors play a significant role in the regulation of gastrointestinal (GIT) peristalsis and intestinal barrier permeability. This review... (Review)
Review
Cannabinoids and their receptors play a significant role in the regulation of gastrointestinal (GIT) peristalsis and intestinal barrier permeability. This review critically evaluates current knowledge about the mechanisms of action and biological effects of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids on GIT functions and the potential therapeutic applications of these compounds. The results of ex vivo and in vivo preclinical data indicate that cannabinoids can both inhibit and stimulate gut peristalsis, depending on various factors. Endocannabinoids affect peristalsis in a cannabinoid (CB) receptor-specific manner; however, there is also an important interaction between them and the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) system. Phytocannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) impact gut motility mainly through the CB1 receptor. They were also found to improve intestinal barrier integrity, mainly through CB1 receptor stimulation but also via protein kinase A (PKA), mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK), and adenylyl cyclase signaling pathways, as well as by influencing the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins. The anti-inflammatory effects of cannabinoids in GIT disorders are postulated to occur by the lowering of inflammatory factors such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and regulation of cytokine levels. In conclusion, there is a prospect of utilizing cannabinoids as components of therapy for GIT disorders.
Topics: Humans; Cannabinoids; Gastrointestinal Motility; Animals; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Permeability; Intestinal Mucosa; Endocannabinoids
PubMed: 38928387
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126682 -
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and... Oct 2023Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease characterized by the demyelination of primarily the central nervous system. Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) and...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease characterized by the demyelination of primarily the central nervous system. Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) and achalasia are both disorders of esophageal peristalsis which cause clinical symptoms of dysphagia. Mechanisms involving dysfunction of the pre- and post-ganglionic nerve fibers of the myenteric plexus have been proposed. We sought to determine whether MS confers an increased risk of developing achalasia or DES.
METHODS
Cohort analysis was done using the Explorys database. Univariate logistic regression was performed to determine the odds MS confers to each motility disorder studied. Comparison of proportions of dysautonomia comorbidities was performed among the cohorts. Patients with a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, chronic Chagas' disease, opioid use, or CREST syndrome were excluded from the study.
RESULTS
Odds of MS patients developing achalasia or DES were (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.73-2.52; < 0.001) and (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 2.89-3.42; < 0.001), respectively. In the MS/achalasia cohort, 27.27%, 18.18%, 9.09%, and 45.45% patients had urinary incontinence, gastroparesis, impotence, and insomnia, respectively. In the MS/DES cohort, 35.19%, 11.11%, 3.70%, and 55.56% had these symptoms. In MS patients without motility disorders, 12.64%, 0.79%, 2.21%, and 21.85% had these symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with MS have higher odds of developing achalasia or DES compared to patients without MS. MS patients with achalasia or DES have higher rates of dysautonomia comorbidities. This suggests that these patients have a more severe disease phenotype in regards to the extent of neuronal degradation and demyelination causing the autonomic dysfunction.
PubMed: 37528077
DOI: 10.5056/jnm22173 -
Food Chemistry: X Oct 2023Soybean dregs are the main by-product obtained from the processing of soy products and are good sources of dietary fiber (DF). This study showed that the soluble DF...
Soybean dregs are the main by-product obtained from the processing of soy products and are good sources of dietary fiber (DF). This study showed that the soluble DF content increased from 4.97% to 18.82%, while the insoluble DF content decreased from 59.37% to 44.89% after soybean dreg fermentation using spp., without any significant change in the total DF content (p > 0.05). Physicochemical property and electron microscopy analysis revealed that the rehydration ratio, dissolution rate, expansion force, and oil holding capacity of DF significantly increased (p < 0.05) with finer microstructure. Additionally, we found that fermented DF could further promote intestinal peristalsis in mice. Furthermore, fermented DF was more effective in balancing and adjusting intestinal flora in mice and promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids. Therefore, this study provides evidence indicating a correlation between the physicochemical properties and functional benefits of DF derived from soybean dregs.
PubMed: 37780347
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100810 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Oct 2023In bacteriophage λ lysogens, the λcI repressor is encoded by the leaderless transcript (lmRNA) initiated at the λpRM promoter. Translation is enhanced in mutants...
In bacteriophage λ lysogens, the λcI repressor is encoded by the leaderless transcript (lmRNA) initiated at the λpRM promoter. Translation is enhanced in mutants deficient in ribosomal protein uS2. Although translation initiation of lmRNA is conserved in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, structural insight of a lmRNA translation initiation complex is missing. Here, we use cryo-EM to solve the structures of the uS2-deficient 70S ribosome of host mutant and the wild-type 70S complex with λcI lmRNA and fmet-tRNA. Importantly, the uS2-deficient 70S ribosome also lacks protein bS21. The anti-Shine-Dalgarno (aSD) region is structurally supported by bS21, so that the absence of the latter causes the aSD to divert from the normal mRNA exit pathway, easing the exit of lmRNA. A π-stacking interaction between the monitor base A1493 and A(+4) of lmRNA potentially acts as a recognition signal. Coulomb charge flow, along with peristalsis-like dynamics within the mRNA entry channel due to the increased 30S head rotation caused by the absence of uS2, are likely to facilitate the propagation of lmRNA through the ribosome. These findings lay the groundwork for future research on the mechanism of translation and the co-evolution of lmRNA and mRNA that includes the emergence of a defined ribosome-binding site of the transcript.
PubMed: 37693525
DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.02.556006 -
Dysphagia Jun 2024Menthol is thought to trigger gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms by influencing esophageal peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function. We...
Menthol is thought to trigger gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms by influencing esophageal peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function. We evaluated the effect of esophageal menthol infusion on esophageal motility and the LES in healthy volunteers and in patients with GERD. High resolution manometry (HRM) catheter with attached thin tube for menthol infusion was placed transnasally. Protocol which included baseline recording, 16 water swallows (5 ml, 10 ml, and 15 ml) and the multiple rapid swallows was performed before and after esophageal infusion of menthol (3 mM, 20 min, 8 ml/min). We evaluated the effect of this infusion on the HRM parameters of esophageal peristalsis (distal contractile integral, distal latency, contractile front velocity) and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) barrier function (integrated relaxation pressure and the inspiratory augmentation of the LES). Simultaneously we evaluated the quality and intensity of the symptoms during the menthol infusion. Esophageal infusion of menthol did not appreciably affect HRM measurements characterizing esophageal peristalsis and LES pressure in healthy subjects (N = 13) or GERD patients (N = 11). The magnitude of the distal contractile integral (5 ml) was changed neither in the healthy volunteers' group, (735 ± 127 vs. 814 ± 117 mmHg, p = 0.5), nor in the GERD patients (295 ± 78 vs. 338 ± 96 mmHg, p = 0.99). In healthy volunteers menthol did not change the inspiratory augmentation of the LES (8.67 ± 1.09 vs. 7.69 ± 0.96 mmHg, p = 0.15) and neither did for GERD patients (8.8 ± 1.18 vs. 8.22 ± 0.91 mmHg, p = 0.43). We observed no significant difference in any HRM parameter following menthol infusion, except for distal latency in 10 ml swallows. By contrast, menthol infusion induced significantly more intense discomfort in GERD patient than in healthy volunteers. Our results suggest no significant temporal effect of menthol on the esophageal motility or LES function, neither in healthy volunteers, nor in GERD. Arguably, other mechanisms are responsible for menthol-related heartburn.
Topics: Humans; Menthol; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Manometry; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Peristalsis; Esophagus; Esophageal Sphincter, Lower; Aged; Deglutition; Young Adult
PubMed: 37728794
DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10617-7 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Apr 2024Dendrobium huoshanense C. Z. Tang et S. J. Cheng (DH) is a traditional medicinal herb with a long history of medicinal use. DH has been recorded as protecting the...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Dendrobium huoshanense C. Z. Tang et S. J. Cheng (DH) is a traditional medicinal herb with a long history of medicinal use. DH has been recorded as protecting the gastrointestinal function. Modern pharmacology research shows that DH regulates intestinal flora, intestinal mucosal immunity, gastrointestinal peristalsis and secretion of digestive juices. At the same time, some studies have shown that DH has a good therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis, but its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.
AIMS OF THIS STUDY
To investigate the mechanism and effect of Dendrobium huoshanense C. Z. Tang et S. J. Cheng (DH) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) by combining network pharmacology and in vivo experimental validation.
METHODS
A network pharmacology approach was used to perform component screening, target prediction, PPI network interaction analysis, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis to initially predict the mechanism of DH treatment for UC. Then, the mechanism was validated with the UC mouse model induced by 3% DSS.
RESULTS
Based on the network pharmacological analysis, a comprehensive of 101 active components were identified, with 19 of them potentially serving as the crucial elements in DH's effectiveness against UC treatment. Additionally, the study revealed 314 potential core therapeutic targets along with the top 5 key targets: SRC, STAT3, AKT1, HSP90AA1, and PIK3CA. In experiments conducted on live mice with UC, DH was found to decrease the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the blood, while increasing the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β. This led to notable improvements in colon length, injury severity, and an up-regulation of SRC, STAT3, HSP90AA1, PIK3CA, p-AKT1 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway expression in the colon tissue.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, the active components and main targets of DH for UC treatment were initially forecasted, and the potential mechanism was investigated through network pharmacology. These findings offer an experimental foundation for the clinical utilization of DH.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Colitis, Ulcerative; Dendrobium; Network Pharmacology; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Molecular Docking Simulation
PubMed: 38190953
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117729 -
Biomedical Optics Express Aug 2023Motion artifacts, from such sources as heartbeats, respiration, or peristalsis, often degrade microscopic images or videos of live subjects. We have developed a method...
Motion artifacts, from such sources as heartbeats, respiration, or peristalsis, often degrade microscopic images or videos of live subjects. We have developed a method using circular optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans to track the transverse and axial motion of biological samples at speeds ranging from several micrometers per second to several centimeters per second. We achieve fast and high-precision measurements of the magnitude and direction of the sample's motion by adaptively controlling the circular scan pattern settings and applying interframe and intraframe analyses. These measurements are the basis of active motion compensation via feedback control for future microscopic and macroscopic imaging applications.
PubMed: 37799687
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.493725 -
Science Advances Jan 2024Biologic drugs hold immense promise for medical treatments, but their oral delivery remains a daunting challenge due to the harsh digestive environment and restricted...
Biologic drugs hold immense promise for medical treatments, but their oral delivery remains a daunting challenge due to the harsh digestive environment and restricted gastrointestinal absorption. Here, inspired by the porcupinefish's ability to inflate itself and deploy its spines for defense, we proposed an intestinal microneedle robot designed to absorb intestinal fluids for rapid inflation and inject drug-loaded microneedles into the insensate intestinal wall for drug delivery. Upon reaching the equilibrium volume, the microneedle robot leverages rhythmic peristaltic contraction for mucosa penetration. The robot's barbed microneedles can then detach from its body during peristaltic relaxation and retain in the mucosa for drug releasing. Extensive in vivo experiments involving 14 minipigs confirmed the effectiveness of the intestinal peristalsis for microrobot actuation and demonstrated comparable insulin delivery efficacy to subcutaneous injection. The ingestible peristalsis-actuated microneedle robots may transform the oral administration of biologic drugs that primary relies on parenteral injection currently.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Peristalsis; Biological Products; Robotics; Swine, Miniature; Digestion
PubMed: 38181085
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7067