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Microorganisms May 2024is applied as a probiotic to alleviate various metabolic, gastrointestinal, and psychological symptoms and diseases, and its probiotic effectiveness is strain-specific....
is applied as a probiotic to alleviate various metabolic, gastrointestinal, and psychological symptoms and diseases, and its probiotic effectiveness is strain-specific. In this study, we obtained 21 strains of , and their genomes were sequenced. We defined the pan- and core-genomes of . Phenotypes such as the assimilation of carbohydrates and antibiotic resistance were experimentally characterized and associated with genome annotations. Nine strains were selected and tested for growth rates, tolerance to acidity/alkalinity and bile acids, the production of short-chain fatty acids, and competition with pathogenic microbes. Strains WL11 and WL17 were targeted as potential probiotics and were applied in mouse model tests for the alleviation of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The results showed that WL11 and WL17 effectively alleviated slow body weight gain, anxiety, poor memory, and cognitive impairment in CFS mouse models. They also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α and IL-6, and alleviated intestinal peristalsis, visceral hypersensitivity, and anxiety-like behavior in IBS mouse models. This study reports new strain resources and their effect on alleviation of both IBS and CFS symptoms with mouse models; the probiotic functions of those strains in human patients remain to be further tested.
PubMed: 38930463
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061081 -
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and... Jan 2024This study aims to evaluate the effects of acute codeine administration on primary and secondary esophageal peristalsis in patients with ineffective esophageal motility...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
This study aims to evaluate the effects of acute codeine administration on primary and secondary esophageal peristalsis in patients with ineffective esophageal motility (IEM).
METHODS
Eighteen IEM patients (8 women; mean age 37.8 years, range 23-64 years) were enrolled in the study. The patients underwent high-resolution manometry exams, consisting of 10 single wet swallows, multiple rapid swallows, and ten 20 mL rapid air injections to trigger secondary peristalsis. All participants completed 2 separate sessions, including acute administration of codeine (60 mg) and placebo, in a randomized order.
RESULTS
Codeine significantly increased the distal contractile integral (566 ± 81 mmHg∙s∙cm vs 247 ± 36 mmHg∙s∙cm, = 0.001) and shortened distal latency (5.7 ± 0.2 seconds vs 6.5 ± 0.1 seconds, < 0.001) for primary peristalsis compared with these parameters after placebo treatment. The mean total break length decreased significantly after codeine treatment compared with the length after placebo ( = 0.003). Codeine significantly increased esophagogastric junction-contractile integral ( = 0.028) but did not change the 4-second integrated relaxation pressure ( = 0.794). Codeine significantly decreased the frequency of weak ( = 0.039) and failed contractions ( = 0.009), resulting in increased frequency of normal primary peristalsis ( < 0.136). No significant differences in the ratio of impaired multiple rapid swallows inhibition and parameters of secondary peristalsis were detected.
CONCLUSIONS
In IEM patients, acute administration of codeine increases contraction vigor and reduces distal latency of primary esophageal peristalsis, but has no effect on secondary peristalsis. Future studies are required to further elucidate clinical relevance of these findings, especially in the setting of gastroesophageal reflux disease with IEM.
PubMed: 38173157
DOI: 10.5056/jnm22131 -
Heliyon Jul 2023In the advance studies, researchers have performed productive research contributions in the field of nanofluid mechanics under various biological assumptions. These...
In the advance studies, researchers have performed productive research contributions in the field of nanofluid mechanics under various biological assumptions. These contributions are fruitful to understand the applications of nanofluids in the various fields such as hybrid-powered engine, heart-diagnose, to prevent numerous diseases, heat exchanger, pharmaceutical processes, etc. The current analysis explores the combined effects of heat generation and chemical reaction on the peristaltic flow of viscoplastic nanofluid through a non-uniform (divergent) channel. The physical effects of second-order velocity slip, thermal slip and mass slip parameters on the rheological characteristics are also considered. To describe non-Newtonian effects, the Casson fluid is deployed. The greater wavelength assumption and low Reynolds number theory are used to attain the rheological equations. Numerical solutions of these governing equations associated with suitable boundary conditions are obtained via Mathematica symbolic software. The velocity magnitude of Casson fluid is higher than associated with Newtonian fluid. Radiation parameter has a vigorous impact in the reduction (enhancement) of temperature (mass concentration) profile. The porous parameter has a remarkable impact in reduction of temperature and velocity profile. Thermal enhancement is perceived by intensifying the chemical reaction parameter, and opposite inclination is noticed in mass concentration. Temperature has been demonstrated to be increased by increasing the Darcy number. The magnitudes of both axial velocity and temperature distribution are smaller in the presence of second-order velocity slip parameters effect as compared with no-slip condition. The magnitudes of axial velocity and mass (or, nanoparticle) concentration are augmented by accumulating the Prandtl number. A rise in Brownian parameter is noticed to depress the mass concentration. The present study has been used in bio-mechanical processes, nanomaterial devices, heat transfer enhancement, radiators, and electronics cooling systems.
PubMed: 37501997
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17644 -
Journal of Indian Association of... 2023Conventionally, oral feeds after distal bowel anastomosis surgery (ileostomy/colostomy closure) are delayed until after bowel peristalsis is established. The safety of...
BACKGROUND
Conventionally, oral feeds after distal bowel anastomosis surgery (ileostomy/colostomy closure) are delayed until after bowel peristalsis is established. The safety of an early feeding regimen is not established in children. This study compared early feeding regimens with delayed feeding in children undergoing elective intestinal anastomosis surgeries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this retrospective multicentric cohort study, children undergoing elective distal bowel anastomosis surgery were divided into Group A (oral feeds allowed within 6 h) and Group B (delayed feeds). The two groups were compared for the incidence of abdomen distension, vomiting, surgical site infection, duration of analgesia, length of hospital stay, and readmission rate.
RESULTS
During the study, 58 patients were included: Group A ( = 26) and Group B ( = 32). The duration of analgesia (1.9 vs. 4.01 days) and length of hospital stay (3.38 vs. 5.0 days) were significantly less in Group A. Abdominal distension (7.7% vs. 15.6%), vomiting (11.5% vs. 15.6%), surgical site infection rate (3.8% vs. 12.5%), and readmissions (0% vs. 3.1%) were less in Group A, but statistically not significant.
CONCLUSION
Early feeding after the elective restoration of distal bowel continuity can be safely practiced in the pediatric population. It is associated with a reduced need for analgesia and shorter hospital stay.
PubMed: 37842224
DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_19_23 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Ticks are blood-feeding arthropods that require heme for their successful reproduction. During feeding they also acquire pathogens that are subsequently transmitted to...
Ticks are blood-feeding arthropods that require heme for their successful reproduction. During feeding they also acquire pathogens that are subsequently transmitted to humans, wildlife and/or livestock. Understanding the regulation of tick midgut is important for blood meal digestion, heme and nutrient absorption processes and for aspects of pathogen biology in the host. We previously demonstrated the activity of tick kinins on the cognate G protein-coupled receptor. Herein we uncovered the physiological role of the kinin receptor in the tick midgut. A fluorescently-labeled kinin peptide with the endogenous kinin 8 sequence (TMR-RK8), identical in the ticks Rhipicephalus microplus and R. sanguineus, activated and labeled the recombinant R. microplus receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells. When applied to the live midgut the TMR-RK8 labeled the kinin receptor in muscles while the labeled peptide with the scrambled-sequence of kinin 8 (TMR-Scrambled) did not. The unlabeled kinin 8 peptide competed TMR-RK8, decreasing confocal microscopy signal intensity, indicating TMR-RK8 specificity to muscles. TMR-RK8 was active, inducing significant midgut peristalsis that was video-recorded and evaluated with video tracking software. The TMR-Scrambled peptide used as a negative control did not elicit peristalsis. The myotropic function of kinins in eliciting tick midgut peristalsis was established.
Topics: Animals; Kinins; CHO Cells; Peristalsis; Cricetulus; Neuropeptides; Muscles; Ticks; Rhipicephalus; Arthropod Proteins
PubMed: 38740831
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61570-w -
ERJ Open Research Sep 2023Morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients are often triggered by recurrent aspiration events, potentiated by oesophageal and gastric disorders. Previous...
BACKGROUND
Morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients are often triggered by recurrent aspiration events, potentiated by oesophageal and gastric disorders. Previous small studies have shown conflicting associations between oesophageal function and the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Herein, we sought to investigate the relationship between oesophageal motility disorders and long-term outcomes in a large retrospective cohort of lung transplant recipients.
METHODS
All lung transplant recipients at the Toronto Lung Transplant Program from 2012 to 2018 with available oesophageal manometry testing within the first 7 months post-transplant were included in this study. Patients were categorised according to the Chicago Classification of oesophageal disorders (v3.0). Associations between oesophageal motility disorders with the development of CLAD and allograft failure (defined as death or re-transplantation) were assessed.
RESULTS
Of 487 patients, 57 (12%) had oesophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (OGJOO) and 47 (10%) had a disorder of peristalsis (eight major, 39 minor). In a multivariable analysis, OGJOO was associated with an increased risk of CLAD (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.15-2.55, p=0.008) and allograft failure (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.13-2.53, p=0.01). Major disorders of peristalsis were associated with an increased risk of CLAD (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.01-2.37, p=0.04) and allograft failure (HR 3.33, 95% CI 1.53-7.25, p=0.002). Minor disorders of peristalsis were not significantly associated with CLAD or allograft failure.
CONCLUSION
Lung transplant recipients with oesophageal stasis characterised by OGJOO or major disorders of peristalsis were at an increased risk of adverse long-term outcomes. These findings will help with risk stratification of lung transplant recipients and personalisation of treatment for aspiration prevention.
PubMed: 37817870
DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00222-2023 -
Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2023Acute generalised peritonitis (AGP) is a common and serious digestive surgery pathology. Undernutrition exacerbates patient condition and compromises their postoperative...
Benefits of Early Enteral Feeding with a Locally Prepared Protein-Energy Ration after Surgery for Acute Generalised Peritonitis: A Randomised Trial in Two Hospitals in Bukavu, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
BACKGROUND
Acute generalised peritonitis (AGP) is a common and serious digestive surgery pathology. Undernutrition exacerbates patient condition and compromises their postoperative prognosis. Early enteral nutrition is recommended to reduce postoperative complications, but its availability and cost are problematic in low-income countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of providing early enteral feeding (EEF) to postoperative patients with intestinal perforation AGP using a locally prepared protein-energy food ration in two hospitals in Bukavu, a city of South Kivu, in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
METHODS
A prospective, randomised controlled trial with two groups of patients was conducted to investigate the effects of EEF with a local mixture versus enteral feeding after peristalsis had returned (control group) in patients who underwent laparotomy for AGP caused by ileal perforation. The local mixture consisted of soybean, maize, white rice, and pineapple. The trial included 66 patients with ileal perforation peritonitis.
RESULTS
The results comparing early enteral fed and nonfed patients showed significant differences in peristalsis recovery time (2.1 (0.6) days vs. 3.8 (1.2) days, < 0.0001) and length of hospital stay (25.5 (14.9) days vs. 39.4 (25.3) days, = 0.0046). Bivariate analyses indicated a significant early enteral feeding (EEF) reduced of 9.1% (vs. 36.4%, = 0.0082) in parietal infections and 3.4% (28.1%, = 0.009) in fistulas ( = 0.009) when EEF was included. In addition, EEF significantly reduced reintervention rates by 9.1% ( = 0.0003) and eliminated evisceration rates. EEF was also shown to reduce the incidence of malnutrition by 63.6% ( < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that enteral nutrition significantly reduced the time to recovery of peristalsis ( = 0.0278) with an ORa of 0.3 and a 95% CI of 0.1-0.9. Moreover, EEF reduced malnutrition ( = 0.0039) with an ORa of 0.1 and a 95% CI of 0-0.4.
CONCLUSION
EEF with locally sourced protein-energy rations can enhance a patient's nutritional status and facilitate postoperative recovery. This procedure is advantageous and involved early enteral nutrition using locally manufactured rations, especially for those operated on for acute generalised peritonitis in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
PubMed: 38024526
DOI: 10.1155/2023/1764242 -
Neurogastroenterology and Motility Aug 2023Effect of inter-swallow interval on the contractility of smooth muscle esophagus is well-documented. However, the effects on peristalsis of the striated esophagus have...
BACKGROUND
Effect of inter-swallow interval on the contractility of smooth muscle esophagus is well-documented. However, the effects on peristalsis of the striated esophagus have not been systematically studied. A better understanding of striated esophagus motor function in health and disease may enhance the interpretation of manometric studies and inform clinical care. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of inter-swallow interval on striated esophagus compared to findings with that of the smooth muscle esophagus.
METHODS
We performed two sets of studies to (1) determine the effect of various inter-swallow interval in 20 healthy volunteers and (2) assess the effect of ultra-short swallow intervals facilitated by straw drinking in 28 volunteers. We analyzed variables using ANOVA with Tukey's pairwise comparison and paired t-test.
KEY RESULTS
Unlike smooth muscle esophagus, the striated esophagus contractile integral did not change significantly for swallow intervals ranging from 30 to 5 s. On the contrary, striated esophagus demonstrated absent or reduced peristalsis in response to ultra-short (<2 s) intervals during straw-facilitated multiple rapid swallows.
CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES
Striated esophagus peristalsis is subject to manometrically observed inhibition during swallows with ultra-short intervals. Inter-swallow intervals as short as 5 s that inhibit smooth muscle esophagus peristalsis do not inhibit striated muscle peristalsis. The mechanisms of these observations are unknown but may relate to central or myenteric nervous system influences or the effects of pharyngeal biomechanics.
Topics: Humans; Peristalsis; Deglutition; Esophagus; Muscle, Smooth; Muscle Contraction; Manometry
PubMed: 37154414
DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14608 -
Medicine Sep 2023This study was conducted to explore the influencing factors of gastrointestinal function recovery after cesarean section (CS), which could provide a reference for the...
This study was conducted to explore the influencing factors of gastrointestinal function recovery after cesarean section (CS), which could provide a reference for the enhanced recovery after surgery in obstetrics. This is a cross-sectional survey on Chinese mothers receiving CS. The participants's socio-demographic characteristics, perioperative diet, medical condition and gastrointestinal function after surgery were collected by a self-designed questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the influencing factors of gastrointestinal function recovery after CS. A total of 1501 (94.76%) valid questionnaires were collected. The first borborygmus was 2.21 ± 0.63 hours, and the first anal exhaust was 35.73 ± 14.85 hours after the CS. The incidence of abdominal distension and intestinal obstruction were 15.1% and 0.7%, respectively. The parity, type of CS, 2-hours bleeding after surgery, time of first meal after surgery, whether taking peppermint water after surgery were the independent influencing factors for gastrointestinal function recovery after CS. We should pay more attention to the mothers with scarred uterus, manage the labor process strictly, and reduce 2-hours bleeding after surgery. The mothers with CS should also be encouraged to eat early and take peppermint water to promote intestinal peristalsis actively.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Cesarean Section; Cross-Sectional Studies; East Asian People; Recovery of Function; Digestive System; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Enhanced Recovery After Surgery; Postnatal Care
PubMed: 37746982
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035200 -
Cell Reports Mar 2024Amino acid formula (AAF) is increasingly consumed in infants with cow's milk protein allergy; however, the long-term influences on health are less described. In this...
Amino acid formula (AAF) is increasingly consumed in infants with cow's milk protein allergy; however, the long-term influences on health are less described. In this study, we established a mouse model by subjecting neonatal mice to an amino acid diet (AAD) to mimic the feeding regimen of infants on AAF. Surprisingly, AAD-fed mice exhibited dysbiotic microbiota and increased neuronal activity in both the intestine and brain, as well as gastrointestinal peristalsis disorders and depressive-like behavior. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation from AAD-fed mice or AAF-fed infants to recipient mice led to elevated neuronal activations and exacerbated depressive-like behaviors compared to that from normal chow-fed mice or cow's-milk-formula-fed infants, respectively. Our findings highlight the necessity to avoid the excessive use of AAF, which may influence the neuronal development and mental health of children.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Female; Cattle; Child; Animals; Mice; Infant Formula; Amino Acids; Dysbiosis; Milk Hypersensitivity; Microbiota
PubMed: 38412095
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113817