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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Gender dysphoria is the imparity between a person's experienced gender and their birth-assigned gender. Gender transition is the process of adapting a person's sexual... (Review)
Review
Gender dysphoria is the imparity between a person's experienced gender and their birth-assigned gender. Gender transition is the process of adapting a person's sexual characteristics to match their experienced gender. The number of adults receiving sex hormone therapy for gender dysphoria is increasingly and these pharmacotherapies are increasing being prescribed in a general practice setting. The role of hormone therapy is to reverse or reduce physical sexual characteristics of the birth-assigned gender and enhance and build characteristics aligning to the expressed gender and these therapies apply to both transgender and gender nonconforming patients. Recognizing the options and interpreting the effects of gender transition therapies are fundamental to the discussion and treatment of gender dysphoria. This review summarizes pharmacodynamics, comparative dosing, adverse effects, monitoring, and potential pharmacogenetic influence of current pharmacotherapy. These include the use of 17-beta-estradiol, spironolactone, testosterone, GnRH agonists as well as adjunctive phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. The article also addresses gaps within the published literature including optimal routes of administration for individual patients, risks of malignancy and dosing reductions as transgender patients age.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Pharmacogenetics; Gender Identity; Transgender Persons; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Estradiol
PubMed: 37476490
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1184024 -
Journal of Personality Feb 2024Personality traits cluster across countries, regions, cities, and neighborhoods. What drives the formation of these clusters? Ecological theory suggests that physical...
OBJECTIVE
Personality traits cluster across countries, regions, cities, and neighborhoods. What drives the formation of these clusters? Ecological theory suggests that physical locations shape humans' patterns of behaviors and psychological characteristics. Based on this theory, we examined whether and how differential land-cover relates to individual personality.
METHOD
We followed a preregistered three-pronged analysis approach to investigate the associations between personality (N = 2,690,878) and land-cover across the United States. We used eleven land-cover categories to classify landscapes and tested their association with personality against broad physical and socioeconomic factors.
RESULTS
Urban areas were positively associated with openness to experience and negatively associated with conscientiousness. Coastal areas were positively associated with openness to experience and neuroticism but negatively associated with agreeableness and conscientiousness. Cultivated areas were negatively associated with openness. Landscapes at the periphery of human activity, such as shrubs, bare lands, or permanent snows, were not reliably associated with personality traits.
CONCLUSIONS
Bivariate correlations, multilevel, and random forest models uncovered robust associations between landscapes and personality traits. These findings align with ecological theory suggesting that an individual's environment contributes to their behaviors, thoughts, and feelings.
Topics: Humans; United States; Personality Inventory; Personality; Neuroticism; Personality Disorders; Emotions
PubMed: 36776098
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12822 -
Acta Psychologica Sep 2023There is an association between personality traits and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). In order to differentiate the association between various personality traits...
There is an association between personality traits and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). In order to differentiate the association between various personality traits and GAD, a survey was conducted among PhD students in northern China (mainland). Three conclusions could be drawn with the help of regression analysis. At first, there is a positive association between Honesty-Humility (HH)/Emotionality (E)/Conscientiousness (C)/Openness to experience (O) and GAD, whereas there is a negative association between Agreeableness (A)/eXtraversion (X) and GAD. Secondly, age, gender, major, monthly income, HH, E, X, A, C and O could explain a 21.80 % variance in GAD. Thirdly, E and C are two robust factors that associated with GAD among PhD students.
Topics: Humans; Personality; Anxiety Disorders; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; China
PubMed: 37556936
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104004 -
International Journal of Occupational... Nov 2023Objective was to find personality traits in singers performing various music styles and with different singing status.
OBJECTIVES
Objective was to find personality traits in singers performing various music styles and with different singing status.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study consisted of 87 singers (66 females, 21 males; age: M±SD 25.5±8.2 years; 40 students, 22 professionals and 25 amateurs; 38 classical singers, 42 contemporary commercial music [CCM] singers; 55 solo singers and 22 choral singers). Participants filled in the questionnaire and demographic information form.
RESULTS
Median values compared to the Polish general population, suggest that solo, CCM, student and professional singers have a high level of conscientiousness. Those who sing in a choir, classical music, amateurs and students have relatively high level of agreeableness. High level of extraversion is observed among CCM singers and students. Students score higher on extraversion then professionals (p < 0.001). Professionals score higher on extraversion then amateurs (p < 0.01). Professionals less frequently than amateurs and students score high on agreeableness (p < 0.001). High scores on conscientiousness are significantly higher among professionals and students compared to amateurs (p < 0.001 in both cases). Solo singers have higher level of conscientiousness (p < 0.001) and openness (p < 0.001) and lower neuroticism (p < 0.01) than choral singers. Classical singers more often than CCM singers score low on openness (p < 0.01) and high on agreeableness (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Classical singers have lower level of openness and higher level of agreeableness than CCM singers. Neuroticism is higher among choir than solo singers and conscientiousness is higher among solo than choir singers. Amateurs had the highest level of neuroticism and the lowest level of conscientiousness as compared with professional singers and students. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(4):541-50.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Singing; Music; Occupations; Students; Neuroticism; Personality
PubMed: 37750428
DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02099 -
Journal of Personality Feb 2024The current study examined the effects of adulthood socioeconomic status (SES) on levels of and changes in the Big Five personality traits domains and nuances in...
INTRO
The current study examined the effects of adulthood socioeconomic status (SES) on levels of and changes in the Big Five personality traits domains and nuances in adulthood and during aging. We also tested whether the relations between adulthood SES and personality traits differed by childhood SES and age.
METHODS
Data were drawn from three longitudinal studies: the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA, N = 2000), the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS, N = 6428), and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, N = 23,238).
RESULTS
Using the latent growth models, across samples, we found associations between high SES and low levels of neuroticism and high levels of extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness. The effects of SES on changes in personality traits were mainly observed in the aging sample of HRS. In general, a similar pattern was observed at the nuance level. Analyses of the moderating effects of age suggested some evidence for the increasingly important role of SES in levels of and changes in personality traits in older ages.
CONCLUSION
The findings support SES as a source that partially accounts for individual differences in personality traits level. Some evidence was found for the relations between SES and changes in personality traits in old age.
Topics: Humans; United States; Child; Personality; Aging; Social Class; Neuroticism; Longitudinal Studies; Extraversion, Psychological
PubMed: 36495478
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12801 -
BMJ Open Dec 2023To examine the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO max) and muscular strength with indicators related to the risk scale, such as perceived competence,...
OBJECTIVES
To examine the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO max) and muscular strength with indicators related to the risk scale, such as perceived competence, sensation seeking, competitiveness, risk taking and risk perception in sports.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
High schools from the Region of Murcia (Spain).
PARTICIPANTS
Three-hundred-and-seventeen adolescents participated (mean age: 13.69±1.2 years old).
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Body mass, body height, Course-Navette test, upper limb strength and psychoeducational factors that determine the propensity towards sports accidents in school children, the Sports Accident Propensity Scale were evaluated. It was performance t-test for independent samples, stepwise multiple linear regression models and a multiple mediation analysis.
RESULTS
The analysis showed significant differences with respect to sex in height, VO max, handgrip strength and in all factors of the questionnaire (p=0.02-<0.01). Adolescents who presented greater VO max, strength in the handgrip test and age showed a higher score in factors 1 and 3. Higher scores in factor 2 were associated with better VO max and strength in handgrip test. Youngers and better values of strength in the handgrip showed higher score in factors 4 and 5. The mediation analysis with two mediating variables (handgrip strength and VO max) showed a significant indirect effect. When handgrip strength and VO max were included in the equations, the association between sex and each factor ceased to be significant.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the potential benefits of muscular strength (handgrip) and VO max in the perceived risk scale, and the variable of age on this.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
Clinical trial: NCT05544370 (pre-results).
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hand Strength; Physical Fitness; Personality; Perception
PubMed: 38072471
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071995 -
BMC Public Health Mar 2024In the present study, we investigated the relationship between personality and motivation for physical activity while introducing perceived parental support and social...
In the present study, we investigated the relationship between personality and motivation for physical activity while introducing perceived parental support and social physical anxiety in adolescent girls (N = 318, M: 16.19 ± 0.51 years). The present study was a retrospective correlational study that was conducted to analyze of a path model. Dark triad traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy, student's motivation for physical activity, social physique anxiety, and participants' perceptions of parents' behaviors were measured. The findings indicated that psychopathy and Machiavellianism were directly and indirectly associated with motivation for physical activity, but Narcissism could only directly predict the motivation for physical activity. Also, need-thwarting (the most), need-supportive and social physical anxiety could predict motivation for physical activity. This model of the result suggests that among adolescent girls, dark triad personality could, directly and indirectly, predict motivation with need-supportive and need-thwarting and also social physical anxiety. It seems that the sense of importance and more attention to oneself in adolescent girls, which exists in the narcissistic personality, can directly lead to more motivation for physical activity. Also, the duplicitous ways of Machiavellian people in pursuing their motives were confirmed in this research.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adolescent; Motivation; Retrospective Studies; Personality; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Machiavellianism; Exercise; Parents; Anxiety
PubMed: 38481212
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18060-5 -
Central European Journal of Public... Sep 2023This study aims to analyse the way immigrants and their personality traits get affected by traumatic events in the post-migration process.
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to analyse the way immigrants and their personality traits get affected by traumatic events in the post-migration process.
METHODS
This descriptive study was conducted through Google Forms with the involvement of 2,509 immigrants. A descriptive questionnaire, the "IFOMA Post-Migration Post-Traumatic Effect Scale" and the "GADOT Personality Types Determination Scale" were used to collect the research data. Independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and related sample Friedman's two-way analysis tests were used in data analysis.
RESULTS
Immigrants were exposed to significant effects in all sub-dimensions of the Post-Migration Post-Traumatic Effect Scale. Experiencing post-traumatic stress was found to be significantly related to the research parameters, which, respectively, are gender, age, marital status, educational background, legal status, years of living in the current country, employment status, ethnicity, Turkish language proficiency, and post-migration psychological problems (p < 0.05); 42.8% of the immigrants had the Type 9 personality, and all personality types were affected by the Psychological Affection, Physical Affection, Anxiety, and Social Adaptation sub-dimensions, respectively (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
By analysing the impact of migration-induced trauma on immigrants within their society, it can be recommended to implement initiatives specific to immigrants' personality traits and to carry out protective/preventive projects that will minimize immigrants' exposure to trauma and encourage their participation in social adaptation processes.
Topics: Humans; Emigrants and Immigrants; Ethnicity; Marital Status; Personality
PubMed: 37934484
DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7651 -
PloS One 2023The objective of this study was to examine the associations between personality, general and diabetes-specific well-being and self-efficacy, and weight management...
The objective of this study was to examine the associations between personality, general and diabetes-specific well-being and self-efficacy, and weight management indicators, among adults with type 2 diabetes. In addition, to examine whether personality provides incremental explanation of variance in weight management indicators. Australian adults with type 2 diabetes (N = 270; 56% women; age: 61±12 years) were recruited via the national diabetes registry. An online survey included measures of: personality (HEXACO-PI-R), weight management indicators (physical activity, healthy diet, body mass index [BMI]), general well-being (WHO-5), general self-efficacy (GSE), diabetes distress (DDS) and diabetes self-efficacy (DMSES). Analyses included bivariate correlations and linear regression, adjusted for demographic, clinical, and psychological variables. All six personality domains showed significant correlation with at least one weight management indicator: physical activity with extraversion (r = .28), conscientiousness (r = .18) and openness (r = .19); healthy diet with honesty-humility (r = .19), extraversion (r = .24), and agreeableness (r = .14); and BMI with emotionality (r = .20) and extraversion (r = -.20). The strongest associations with general and diabetes-specific well-being and self-efficacy were apparent for extraversion, emotionality and conscientiousness (range: r = -.47-.66). Beyond covariates, personality domains explained additional variance for physical activity (Adjusted R2 = .31, R2 difference = .03, p = .03; openness: β = .16, p = .02, emotionality: β = .15, p = .04) and healthy diet (Adjusted R2 = .19, R2 difference = .03, p = .02; honesty-humility: β = .20, p = .002, extraversion: β = .19, p = .04) but not BMI. This study shows that personality is associated with weight management indicators and psychological factors among adults with type 2 diabetes. Further research is needed, including objective measurement of weight management indictors, to examine how personality influences the experience of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Self Efficacy; Australia; Personality; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 37903137
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292553 -
MedEdPORTAL : the Journal of Teaching... 2023Improved reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) curricula are needed to address educational deficiencies both at our institution and on a national level. To...
INTRODUCTION
Improved reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) curricula are needed to address educational deficiencies both at our institution and on a national level. To improve REI education for OB/GYN residents and medical students, we developed and piloted a curriculum with in-person and virtual flexibility.
METHODS
We developed three clinical vignettes for a facilitator-led case-based discussion among OB/GYN residents: two office cases and one emergency scenario. Cases were evaluated by content experts and tested before implementation. Pre- and postsurveys included both multiple-choice questions on content and a Likert-scale self-assessment of comfort, satisfaction, and knowledge. Postsurveys were administered immediately postintervention and at a delayed interval. Responses were compared using paired tests and McNemar tests.
RESULTS
Eighteen learners (16 OB/GYN residents and two medical students) participated, the majority in person, of whom 17 (94%) completed a postsurvey. Self-rated proficiency in evaluating and managing irregular menses, infertility, and amenorrhea all improved significantly immediately following the intervention ( < .05 for all). Learners reported significantly more knowledge and comfort with REI compared to other subspecialties following the intervention ( < .05). More learners responded correctly to knowledge questions postintervention ( < .05 for questions 1 and 2, = .16 for question 3). All learners were satisfied with and enjoyed the curriculum. Eight learners completed the delayed postsurvey and showed sustained improvements in knowledge and competence with REI content.
DISCUSSION
Facilitator-guided case-based learning was effective in improving learners' confidence, comfort, and knowledge in managing REI conditions, and improvements were sustained following a delayed interval.
Topics: Female; Humans; Internship and Residency; Curriculum; Infertility; Students, Medical; Self-Assessment
PubMed: 38131037
DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11375