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The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jul 2023Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck occurs in the skin or squamous epithelial lining tissues of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and sinonasal tract....
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck occurs in the skin or squamous epithelial lining tissues of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and sinonasal tract. Although it is a common tumor in horses, distant metastatic spread to the lung is rare. This report describes a case of metastatic pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma in a 23-year-old Morgan gelding. The clinical signs displayed by this gelding in some ways mimicked the typical presentation of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis or thoracic lymphoma. The postmortem diagnosis in this case was head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, but a primary site of origin could not be ascertained. Cancer-associated heterotopic ossification (HO) was also identified in this case; this is an exceedingly rare finding with equine pulmonary neoplasia. Key clinical message: Careful physical examination should be undertaken in all horses presenting with clinical signs of intrathoracic disease. Clinical and radiographic abnormalities in this case of pulmonary metastatic disease resembled some of those associated with interstitial pneumonia. Rarely encountered in domestic animal species, there has been only 1 previous report of HO in a case of oronasal carcinoma in a horse.
Topics: Male; Animals; Horses; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Skin Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Horse Diseases
PubMed: 37397690
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00205.].
Corrigendum: Tilianin extracted from L. induces intrinsic apoptosis and drives inflammatory microenvironment response on pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells via regulating TLR4 signaling pathways.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00205.].
PubMed: 38108063
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1330291 -
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... Nov 2023Hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) has one of the most unfavorable prognoses among head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy, the... (Review)
Review
Hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) has one of the most unfavorable prognoses among head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy, the same as conventional induction chemotherapy, has emerged as a vital part of the induction therapy protocol for HPC. Meanwhile, the incidence of immune-related adverse events is increasing. In this light, we present the first reported case of immune-associated encephalitis in a patient with hypopharyngeal cancer treated with Camrelizumab (a PD-1 inhibitor). After receiving immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy as induction therapy, along with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the patient presented with symptoms of fatigue, tremors, drowsiness, and an abnormal signal in the right temporal lobe as shown on a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Despite the minor elevation in protein and IgG index observed in the lumbar puncture, there is no evidence of abnormal autoantibodies or evidence of pathogenic infection. Following a thorough multidisciplinary consultation, the patient is suspected to be afflicted with immune-related autoimmune encephalitis. Intravenous methylprednisolone was prescribed as an empirical treatment at an initial dosage of 120 mg/day for 3 days, followed by steroid tapering. Finally, the patient experienced complete neurologic and radiographic (brain MRI) recovery. This case serves as a critical reminder that encephalitis is a potential diagnosis that should never be overlooked in patients undergoing immunotherapy who present with abnormal signs of the brain. The timely diagnosis and initiation of immunosuppressive therapy are key components of treating ICI-associated encephalitis.
Topics: Humans; Nivolumab; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms; Hypopharynx; Encephalitis
PubMed: 37676267
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05328-3 -
Cureus Aug 2023Necrotizing sialometaplasia refers to a benign, uncommon, and self-limiting inflammatory reaction concerning the salivary gland tissue, which both clinically and...
Necrotizing sialometaplasia refers to a benign, uncommon, and self-limiting inflammatory reaction concerning the salivary gland tissue, which both clinically and histologically may be easily mistaken for mucoepidermoid carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. This may cause irrelevant surgical intervention. Minor salivary glands are the most commonly affected salivary gland, with the hard palate being the most usual site. However, it can involve the other areas in which salivary gland tissue is present in the other oral subsites and pharyngeal areas. Due to the lack of knowledge about this entity and its histological similarities with carcinomas, particularly mucoepidermoid carcinoma, the differential diagnosis of this lesion is difficult. Local ischemia is thought to be the primary cause, leading to the pathogenesis of necrotizing sialometaplasia, and the infiltration of local anesthesia following dental procedures at the palatal region is the leading cause.
PubMed: 37664327
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42825 -
Laryngoscope Investigative... Dec 2023Questions exist regarding patient selection for surgery in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), particularly with the advent of neoadjuvant-targeted therapeutics. The... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Questions exist regarding patient selection for surgery in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), particularly with the advent of neoadjuvant-targeted therapeutics. The present scoping review sought to evaluate what extent of surgical resection should be performed in ATC.
METHODS
A scoping review was carried out in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) protocols. Included studies were required to provide clear description of the surgery performed for ATC.
RESULTS
The final search identified 6901 articles. Ultimately only 15 articles including 1484 patients met inclusion criteria. A total of 765 patients (51.5%) underwent attempted curative intent surgery. The approach to resection of adjacent tissues varied between studies. Eight studies considered laryngeal ± pharyngeal resection (8/15, 53.3%), eight studies (53.3%) considered tracheal resection and again eight studies (53.3%) considered esophageal resection. More extensive resections increased morbidity without improving overall survival (OS) (<9 months in the 12 studies using a combination of surgery and chemoradiotherapy). In the three studies utilizing targeted therapy in addition to surgery, OS was notably improved while surgical resection following neoadjuvant therapy was less extensive.
CONCLUSIONS
There is no clear agreement in the literature regarding the limits of surgical resection in locoregionally advanced ATC. A definition of surgically resectable disease will be required to guide surgical decision making in ATC, particularly with the potential to reduce tumor burden using neoadjuvant targeted treatment in suitable patients.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
III.
PubMed: 38130255
DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1172 -
[Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi] Japanese... Sep 2023Objectives To show the impact of COVID-19 on cancer treatment in Tochigi prefecture.Methods The number of cancer cases registered in Tochigi prefecture before (2019)...
Objectives To show the impact of COVID-19 on cancer treatment in Tochigi prefecture.Methods The number of cancer cases registered in Tochigi prefecture before (2019) and after (2020) COVID-19 was compared using cancer registry data from 18 member hospitals of the Tochigi Prefecture Cancer Care Collaboration Council. Data were compared by sex, age, patient's address at the time of diagnosis, month of diagnosis, cancer site, cancer stage, and treatment. Data on screenings for stomach, colorectum, lung, female breast, cervix, and prostate cancers were investigated in detail.Results The total number of registered cancer cases was 19,748 in 2019 and 18,912 in 2020 (a decrease of 836 cases [-4.2%]). Among the total cases, there were 11,223 and 10,511 males in 2019 and 2020, respectively (a decrease of 712 cases [-6.3%]) and 8,525 and 8,401 females in 2019 and 2020, respectively (a decrease of 124 cases [-1.5%]). The decrease was greater among males than among females. There was no decrease in the number of registered patients aged <40 years between 2019 and 2020. Based on the patients' address at the time of diagnosis, there was no decrease in the number of cases from outside of the Tochigi prefecture. Regarding the month of diagnosis, there was a notable decrease in the number of registered patients in May and August of 2020. Among the decrease of 836 cases detected by screening, 689(82.4%) were cases of stomach, lung, colorectum, female breast, cervix, and prostate cancer. The number of registered cases of malignant lymphoma, leukemia, and cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, pancreas, bone and soft tissue, corpus uteri, and bladder did not decrease between 2019 and 2020. In terms of stage of cancer, the number of registered cases of carcinoma in situ, localized cancer, and regional lymph node metastases was lower in 2020 than in 2019, but there was no decrease in the number of registered cases of distant metastases or regional extension.Conclusion The number of cancer cases registered in 2020 was lower than in 2019, and the degree of change varied by age, hospital, site, whether the case was detected by screening, and stage of cancer. In particular, a marked decrease was observed in the number of cases detected by screening. Furthermore, the decrease in the number of cancer cases registered in May and August of 2020 were believed to be due to the peak in the spread of COVID-19 and the associated declaration of a state of emergency.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; COVID-19; Neoplasms; Registries
PubMed: 37286490
DOI: 10.11236/jph.23-018 -
Translational Gastroenterology and... 2023Previous studies have reported increased risk of second cancer in both esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) survivors. This study...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have reported increased risk of second cancer in both esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) survivors. This study aimed to examine the risk and influential factors of second cancer in ESCC and EAC patients.
METHODS
This population-based cohort study included 7,297 ESCC patients and 11,812 EAC patients who were in 1992-2019 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program in the United States. These patients were followed up until diagnosis of second cancer, death, or end of the study (December 31, 2019). We calculated standard incidence ratio (SIR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of second cancer and performed competing-risk regression to estimate the subdistribution hazard ratios (sHR) comparing categories of patients' characteristics.
RESULTS
After a total of 49,509.38 person-years of follow-up, 431 (5.9%) ESCC patients and 636 (5.9%) EAC patients developed a second cancer. An overall increased risk of second cancer was observed in both ESCC patients (SIR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.51-1.83) and EAC patients (SIR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.20). ESCC patients were at increased risk of second malignancy in oral cavity and pharynx (SIR: 12.57, 95% CI: 9.87-15.79), stomach (SIR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.77-4.85), nose and larynx (SIR: 4.79, 95% CI: 2.47-8.37), and lung and bronchus (SIR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.96-2.99), but decreased risk of prostate cancer (SIR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.52-0.99). EAC patients had increased risk of second malignancies in stomach (SIR: 4.41, 95% CI: 3.23-5.89), lung and bronchus (SIR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02-1.54), and kidney (SIR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.05-2.25). The risk of second cancer was higher in female ESCC patients than in males (sHR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.11-1.63) and decreased with more advanced tumor stage in both ESCC patients (sHR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.50-0.76 for regional stage; sHR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.20-0.36 for distant stage) and EAC patients (sHR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.40-0.56 for regional stage; sHR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.07-0.13 for distant stage).
CONCLUSIONS
Both ESCC and EAC patients are at considerable risk of certain types of second cancer.
PubMed: 38021360
DOI: 10.21037/tgh-23-29 -
European Archives of... Nov 2023Second primary cancers (SPCs) after nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) are rare, but have an impact on the follow-up of this patient population. The aim of this study is to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
Second primary cancers (SPCs) after nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) are rare, but have an impact on the follow-up of this patient population. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature to determine the prevalence and most typical sites of SPCs after NPC.
METHODS
We searched the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles on SPCs after NPC. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed.
RESULTS
This review includes data on 89 168 patients with NPC from 21 articles. The mean occurrence for SPCs was 6.6% and varied from 4.9% in endemic areas to 8.7% in non-endemic areas. The most frequent locations of SPCs were oral cavity, pharynx, nose and paranasal sinuses, esophagus and lung.
CONCLUSION
There is an increased risk for a SPC after NPC management, especially in non-endemic areas. However, their mean rate is lower than after other head and neck carcinomas.
Topics: Humans; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37495725
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08144-0 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Jul 2023Early detection of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is important for both an improved prognosis and less-invasive treatment. We retrospectively analyzed the...
OBJECTIVE
Early detection of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is important for both an improved prognosis and less-invasive treatment. We retrospectively analyzed the detection rates of early hypopharyngeal SCCs according to the evaluation methods and the clinical management of early hypopharyngeal SCCs.
METHODS
Sixty-eight patients with early hypopharyngeal SCC who were diagnosed were reviewed.
RESULTS
The number of early hypopharyngeal cancer patients with asymptomatic or synchronous or metachronous esophageal cancer examined by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBI) was significantly higher than those examined by laryngopharyngeal endoscopy with NBI. The 3-year disease-specific survival rates according to T classification were as follows: Tis, 100%; T1, 100%; T2, 79.8%; and overall, 91.2%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Early-stage hypopharyngeal SCC can be cured by minimally invasive transoral surgery or radiotherapy. Observation of the pharynx using NBI in patients with a history of head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, or pharyngeal discomfort is very important, and routinely examining the pharynx with NBI, even in patients undergoing endoscopy for screening purposes, is recommended.
Topics: Humans; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Retrospective Studies; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Endoscopy; Esophageal Neoplasms; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 33909487
DOI: 10.1177/01455613211013084 -
Endoscopy International Open Apr 2024Superficial pharyngeal cancers can be cured with transoral surgery (TOS), which preserves organ function and quality of life. Pharyngeal endoscopic submucosal...
Superficial pharyngeal cancers can be cured with transoral surgery (TOS), which preserves organ function and quality of life. Pharyngeal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is challenging to perform because of limited maneuverability and complex anatomical features. The water pressure method (WPM) is useful for natural traction techniques during ESD and is potentially useful for pharyngeal ESD. This study aimed to investigate the short-term outcomes of WPM-ESD for pharyngeal lesions. Therapeutic outcomes of patients who underwent WPM-ESD for pharyngeal lesions at Keio University between May 2019 and February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-one pharyngeal lesions treated with WPM-ESD were analyzed. Three lesions were located in the oropharynx and 18 in the hypopharynx. All ESD procedures were performed under general anesthesia. The endoscopic en bloc resection rate was 100%. The median procedure time was 15 minutes (range 4-45 minutes). All patients were successfully extubated on the day of ESD. No serious adverse events (AEs) related to WPM-ESDs were observed. None of the patients required nasogastric intubation, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, or tracheotomy. The median fasting time and hospital stay were 2 days (range 2-5 days) and 6 days (range 6-10 days), respectively. All the histological results indicated squamous cell carcinoma. The complete histologic resection rate was 76.2%. WPM-ESD achieved a high en bloc resection rate and short procedure time without serious AEs. Thus, it may be a useful treatment for pharyngeal lesions.
PubMed: 38681148
DOI: 10.1055/a-2284-9184