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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024In this study, different extraction methods and conditions were used for the extraction of antioxidants from brown macroalgae . The extraction methodologies used were...
In this study, different extraction methods and conditions were used for the extraction of antioxidants from brown macroalgae . The extraction methodologies used were ultrasound-assisted extraction (ultrasonic bath and ultrasonic probe), extraction with a vortex, extraction with an Ultra-Turrax homogenizer, and high-pressure-assisted extraction. The extracts were analyzed for their total phenolic content (TPC) and their antioxidant activity, and evaluated through the 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) free radical scavenging method and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Ultrasonic probe-assisted extraction yielded the highest values of TPC (94.78-474.16 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract). Regarding the antioxidant activity, vortex-assisted extraction gave the best DPPH results (IC 1.89-16 µg/mL), while the highest FRAP results were obtained using the Ultra-Turrax homogenizer (502.16-1188.81 μmol ascorbic acid equivalents/g extract). For each extraction method, response surface methodology was used to analyze the influence of the experimental conditions "extraction time" (t), "biomass/solvent ratio" (R), "solvent" (S, water % in water/ethanol mixture), and "pressure" (P) on TPC, DPPH, and FRAP of the extracts. In general, higher TPC content and higher antioxidant capacity (lower IC and higher FRAP) were obtained with higher R, t, and P, and lower S (higher ethanol %). The model regarding the combined effects of independent variables t, R, and S on the FRAP response values for vortex-assisted extractions best fitted the experimental data ( 0.957), with optimal extraction conditions of t = 300 s, R = 50 g, and S = 25%.
Topics: Fucus; Antioxidants; Phenols; Seaweed; Biphenyl Compounds; Picrates; Solvents
PubMed: 38792132
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102271 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Oct 2023PD630 is a high oil-producing strain with the ability to convert lignin-derived aromatics to high values, but limited research has been done to elucidate its conversion...
PD630 is a high oil-producing strain with the ability to convert lignin-derived aromatics to high values, but limited research has been done to elucidate its conversion pathway, especially the upper pathways. In this study, we focused on the upper pathways and demethylation mechanism of lignin-derived aromatics metabolism by PD630. The results of the aromatic carbon resource utilization screening showed that PD630 had a strong degradation capacity to the lignin-derived methoxy-containing aromatics, such as guaiacol, 3,4-veratric acid, anisic acid, isovanillic acid, and vanillic acid. The gene of , which encodes cytochrome P450, showed significant up-regulation when PD630 grew on diverse aromatics. Deletion mutants of and its partner protein resulted in the strain losing the ability to grow on guaiacol, but no significant difference to the other aromatics. Only co-complementation alone of and restored the strain's ability to utilize guaiacol, demonstrating that both genes were equally important in the utilization of guaiacol. assays further revealed that GcoA could convert guaiacol and anisole to catechol and phenol, respectively, with the production of formaldehyde as a by-product. The study provided robust evidence to reveal the molecular mechanism of PD630 on guaiacol metabolism and offered a promising study model for dissecting the demethylation process of lignin-derived aromatics in microbes.IMPORTANCEAryl--demethylation is believed to be the key rate-limiting step in the catabolism of heterogeneous lignin-derived aromatics in both native and engineered microbes. However, the mechanisms of -demethylation in lignin-derived aromatic catabolism remain unclear. Notably, guaiacol, the primary component unit of lignin, lacks demonstration and illustration of the molecular mechanism of guaiacol -demethylation in lignin-degrading bacteria. This is the first study to illustrate the mechanism of guaiacol metabolism by PD630 as well as characterize the purified key -demethylase . This study provided further insight into the lignin metabolic pathway of PD630 and could guide the design of an efficient biocatalytic system for lignin valorization.
Topics: Lignin; Guaiacol; Phenols; Rhodococcus
PubMed: 37800939
DOI: 10.1128/aem.00522-23 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023has been studied for its vast medical and industrial potential. Phytochemical investigations reveal that the genus is a rich source of lignans, flavonoids, phenolics,...
has been studied for its vast medical and industrial potential. Phytochemical investigations reveal that the genus is a rich source of lignans, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and other metabolites. However, the phytochemical profile elucidation of this species still needs further research. The use of eliciting compounds such as salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate has managed to increase the production of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures. Hairy roots of were produced in 250 mL flasks with a 16 h light/8 h darkness photoperiod under diffused light with a culture time of four weeks. The elicitors salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate were tested in 50 μM and 200 μM concentrations. Non-targeted analysis was done for the different treatments using HR-MS. Identified metabolites were grouped in phenylpropanoids, phenols, and mucic acids, and statistical analysis of relative concentrations was achieved. A significant change in phenols' relative concentrations appeared in the elicitations with salicylic acid. Because of the elicitation treatment, specific compounds increased their concentrations, some of which have known pharmacological effects and are used in treating chronic diseases. The best elicitation treatment was salicylic acid 50 μM as it increased by more than 100% the general content of phenols and phenylpropanoid derivates and triplicates the concentration of mucic acid derivates in treated hairy root extracts. The application of non-targeted analysis showed interesting changes in phytochemical concentration due to elicitation in hairy roots.
Topics: Mass Spectrometry; Phenols; Phyllanthus; Salicylic Acid; Phytochemicals; Sugar Acids; Acetates; Cyclopentanes; Oxylipins
PubMed: 38202663
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010080 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a formidable global health concern, affecting one in six adults over 25. This review explores the potential of phenolic compounds... (Review)
Review
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a formidable global health concern, affecting one in six adults over 25. This review explores the potential of phenolic compounds in managing CKD and its complications. By examining the existing research, we highlight their diverse biological activities and potential to combat CKD-related issues. We analyze the nutritional benefits, bioavailability, and safety profile of these compounds. While the clinical evidence is promising, preclinical studies offer valuable insights into underlying mechanisms, optimal dosages, and potential side effects. Further research is crucial to validate the therapeutic efficacy of phenolic compounds for CKD. We advocate for continued exploration of their innovative applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals. This review aims to catalyze the scientific community's efforts to leverage phenolic compounds against CKD-related challenges.
Topics: Humans; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Phenols; Animals; Dietary Supplements; Biological Availability
PubMed: 38893451
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112576 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023Accumulation of medicinally important flavones and acteoside was evaluated in Scutellaria lateriflora hairy root cultures subjected to different experimental strategies...
Accumulation of medicinally important flavones and acteoside was evaluated in Scutellaria lateriflora hairy root cultures subjected to different experimental strategies - feeding with precursors of phenolics biosynthesis (phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, and sodium cinnamate), addition of elicitors (chitosan, jasmonic acid) and Amberlite XAD-4 and XAD-7 resins and permeabilization with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanol. The production profile of S. lateriflora cultures changed under the influence of the applied strategies. Hairy roots of S. lateriflora were found to be a rich source of wogonoside or wogonin, depending on the treatment used. The addition of sodium cinnamate (1.0 mg/L) was the most effective approach to provide high production of flavonoids, especially wogonoside (4.41% dry weight /DW/; 566.78 mg/L). Permeabilization with DMSO (2 µg/ml for 12 h) or methanol (30% for 12 h) resulted in high biosynthesis of wogonin (299.77 mg/L and 274.03 mg/L, respectively). The obtained results provide new insight into the selection of the optimal growth conditions for the production of in vitro biomass with a significant level of flavone accumulation. The data may be valuable for designing large-scale cultivation systems of hairy roots of S. lateriflora with high productivity of bioactive compounds - wogonin or wogonoside.
Topics: Scutellaria; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Methanol; Flavones; Flavonoids; Phenols; Plant Roots
PubMed: 37990031
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47757-7 -
Se Pu = Chinese Journal of... Feb 2024Phenols such as bisphenols, parabens, and triclosan are common environmental endocrine disruptors. Previous epidemiological studies have suggested that phenols may...
Phenols such as bisphenols, parabens, and triclosan are common environmental endocrine disruptors. Previous epidemiological studies have suggested that phenols may affect semen quality, but the results were inconsistent. In addition, most existing studies have been limited to the effects of a single chemical compound, ignoring the health effects of mixed exposure to multiple chemicals. Thus, we aimed to explore the associations between individual and mixed exposure to phenols and various semen quality parameters. In this study, a rapid and sensitive method was used to determine 18 phenolic compounds in urine samples of 799 volunteers who donated sperm samples to the Shanghai Human Sperm Bank. A spot urine sample was collected from each subject on the day of their clinic visit and stored at -20 ℃ until testing. Urine samples (200 μL) were extracted and added with 20 μL of an internal standard and 50 μL of β-glucuronidase solution. The mixtures were then incubated for 12 h at 37 ℃. After hydrolysis, the samples were extracted twice using ethyl acetate (500 μL). The concentrations of the 18 phenolic compounds were measured using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Semen quality parameters were analyzed using a computer-aided semen analyzer. Multiple linear regressions were used to detect the associations between individual phenol exposure and semen quality parameters. In addition, weighted quantile sum (WQS) models were used to explore the associations between mixed-phenol exposure and semen quality parameters. After adjusting for potential covariates, the results of multiple linear regressions showed that exposure to ethyl paraben (EtP) was significantly negatively associated with sperm concentration and total sperm count (P<0.05). In addition, exposure to mixed phenols was significantly associated with decreased sperm concentration; methyl paraben (MeP) and EtP were identified as the main contributors to this decrease. Thus, phenol exposure may be associated with decreased semen quality in young males, particularly with respect to sperm concentration and total sperm count.
Topics: Humans; Male; Semen Analysis; Phenol; Semen; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; China; Phenols; Parabens
PubMed: 38374601
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2023.09009 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023Hackberry (Celtis australis L.) is native to the Mediterranean region and is distributed in Europe, Turkey, North Africa, and Iran. To the best of our knowledge, no...
Hackberry (Celtis australis L.) is native to the Mediterranean region and is distributed in Europe, Turkey, North Africa, and Iran. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted on C. australis L. in the Arasbaran region, Iran. In the present study, total phenol (TP), flavonoid (TF), antioxidant capacity based on DPPH and FRAP assays and phenolic compounds and sugars profiles were investigated. According to the results, the range of antioxidant capacity based on DPPH and FRAP assays was 14.12-88.24% and 44.35-117.87 mg Fe/100 g, respectively. Also, the range of gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid, rosmaric acid, cinnamic acid, and apigenin content was 2.59-26.32, 2.03-9.32, 0.94-11.35, 1.80-4.857, 2.32-9.52, 4.74-51.38, 0.18-2.10 and 0.27-1.37 mg/g, respectively. The results of factor analysis showed that the C12, C14, C15, C20, C8, C16, C3, and C20 genotypes are positively characterized by the first principal component (PCA1) that have a higher caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid, rosmaric acid, quercetin, cinnamic acid, and apigenin phenolic compounds. Based on cluster analysis, the twenty genotypes were located in 2 main clusters. In general, the obtained results can be useful for breeding programs and the introduction of cultivars in Celtis australis L.
Topics: Antioxidants; Chlorogenic Acid; Fruit; Ulmaceae; Apigenin; Plant Breeding; Flavonoids; Phenols; Rutin
PubMed: 37507445
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39421-x -
Environment International Nov 2023Personal care products (PCPs) contain many different compounds and are a source of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including phthalates and phenols....
BACKGROUND
Personal care products (PCPs) contain many different compounds and are a source of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including phthalates and phenols. Early-life exposure to EDCs commonly found in PCPs has been linked to earlier onset of puberty.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize the human and animal evidence on the association between puberty-related outcomes and exposure to PCPs and their chemical constituents and, if there is sufficient evidence, identify groups of chemicals and outcomes to support a systematic review for a class-based hazard or risk assessment.
METHODS
We followed the OHAT systematic review framework to characterize the human and animal evidence on the association between puberty-related health outcomes and exposure to PCPs and their chemical constituents.
RESULTS
Ninety-eight human and 299 animal studies that evaluated a total of 96 different chemicals were identified and mapped by key concepts including chemical class, data stream, and puberty-related health outcome. Among these studies, phthalates and phenols were the most well-studied chemical classes. Most of the phthalate and phenol studies examined secondary sex characteristics and changes in estradiol and testosterone levels. Studies evaluating PCP use and other chemical classes (e.g., parabens) had less data.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic evidence map identified and mapped the published research evaluating the association between exposure to PCPs and their chemical constituents and puberty-related health outcomes. The resulting interactive visualization allows researchers to make evidence-based decisions on the available research by enabling them to search, sort, and filter the literature base of puberty-related studies by key concepts. This map can be used by researchers and regulators to prioritize and target future research and funding to reduce uncertainties and address data gaps. It also provides information to inform a class-based hazard or risk assessment on the association between phthalate and phenol exposures and puberty-related health outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Exposure; Phenol; Phenols; Phthalic Acids; Sexual Maturation
PubMed: 37948866
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108307 -
Nutrients Feb 2024Food allergies are becoming ever more prevalent around the world. This pathology is characterized by the breakdown of oral tolerance to ingested food allergens,... (Review)
Review
Food allergies are becoming ever more prevalent around the world. This pathology is characterized by the breakdown of oral tolerance to ingested food allergens, resulting in allergic reactions in subsequent exposures. Due to the possible severity of the symptoms associated with this pathology, new approaches to prevent it and reduce associated symptoms are of utmost importance. In this framework, dietary phenolic compounds appear as a tool with a not fully explored potential. Some phenolic compounds have been pointed to with the ability to modulate food allergies and possibly reduce their symptoms. These compounds can modulate food allergies through many different mechanisms, such as altering the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of potentially immunogenic peptides, by modulating the human immune system and by modulating the composition of the human microbiome that resides in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. This review deepens the state-of-the-art of the modulation of these mechanisms by phenolic compounds. While this review shows clear evidence that dietary supplementation with foods rich in phenolic compounds might constitute a new approach to the management of food allergies, it also highlights the need for further research to delve into the mechanisms of action of these compounds and decipher systematic structure/activity relationships.
Topics: Humans; Food Hypersensitivity; Allergens; Food; Diet; Phenols; Mouth
PubMed: 38398875
DOI: 10.3390/nu16040551 -
Microbial Biotechnology Jan 2024The potential use of Torulaspora delbrueckii as a starter culture for wine alcoholic fermentation has become a subject of interest in oenological research. The use of... (Review)
Review
The potential use of Torulaspora delbrueckii as a starter culture for wine alcoholic fermentation has become a subject of interest in oenological research. The use of this non-Saccharomyces yeast can modulate different wine attributes, such as aromatic substances, organic acids and phenolic compound compositions. Thus, the obtained wines are different from those fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the sole starter. Nevertheless, information about the possible effects of T. delbrueckii chemical modulation on subsequent malolactic fermentation is still not fully explained. In general, T. delbrueckii is related to a decrease in toxic compounds that negatively affect Oenococcus oeni and an increase in others that are described as stimulating compounds. In this work, we aimed to compile the changes described in studies using T. delbrueckii in wine that can have a potential effect on O. oeni and highlight those works that directly evaluated O. oeni performance in T. delbrueckii fermented wines.
Topics: Fermentation; Torulaspora; Wine; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Phenols
PubMed: 37387409
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14302