-
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Oct 2023This study aimed to examine the influence of drying approaches (convective and infrared (IR)), sonication, and brewing time on the total phenolic content (TPC),...
Production and evaluation of total phenolics, antioxidant activity, viscosity, color, and sensory attributes of quince tea infusion: Effects of drying method, sonication, and brewing process.
This study aimed to examine the influence of drying approaches (convective and infrared (IR)), sonication, and brewing time on the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA), viscosity, color indexes, and sensory attributes of quince tea infusion (QTI). The AA and TPC in the QTI dried in the IR dryer were higher than in the convective dryer. The TPC and AA of QTI prepared by convective and IR dryers increased when the ultrasound treatment and brewing time were increased. In terms of viscosity and Brix, there was no differences between the QTIs and the average viscosity and density of the samples were 1.79 ± 0.28 mPa.s and 3.18 ± 0.07°Brix, respectively. The QTI prepared by the IR has a reddish-brown hue (higher a* value), but the samples prepared with the convective dryer were yellow (higher b* value). The sensory attributes scores of QTI prepared by IR were higher than those of convection-dried samples. In general, the use of an IR dryer for drying grated quince, ultrasound treatment for 8 min, and brewing time for 30 min is a promising condition for the production of QTI with higher TPC and AA, and with appropriate color and sensorial acceptance.
Topics: Antioxidants; Sonication; Viscosity; Phenols; Rosaceae; Tea
PubMed: 37683419
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106591 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2023The medicinal plant is traditionally used by people living in different communities of Nepal and the globe against diabetes, soft tissue wounds, skin infections,...
The medicinal plant is traditionally used by people living in different communities of Nepal and the globe against diabetes, soft tissue wounds, skin infections, diarrhea, malaria, and several other infectious diseases. The present study focuses on the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses and antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and toxicity of the plant for assessing its pharmacological potential. The extracts of flowers, leaves, and stems were prepared using methanol and distilled water as the extracting solvents. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were estimated by using the Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent method and the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities were assessed using the DPPH assay and -glucosidase inhibition assay. A brine shrimp assay was performed to study the toxicity, and the antibacterial activity test was performed by the agar well diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, quinones, terpenoids, and coumarins as secondary metabolites. The methanol extract of leaves and flowers displayed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content with 182.26 ± 1.99 mg GAE/g, 128.57 ± 7.62 mg QE/g and 172.65 ± 0.48 mg GAE/g, 121.74 ± 7.06 mg QE/g, respectively. The crude extracts showed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of 32.81 ± 5.26 g/mL and 41.00 ± 1.10 g/mL, respectively. The methanol extract of the leaves was found to be effective against bacterial strains such as (ZOI = 9.67 ± 0.32 mm), (ZOI = 15.00 ± 0 mm), and (7.3 ± 0.32 mm). The methanol extract of the flowers showed the most -glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC 227.63 ± 11.38 g/mL), followed by the methanol extract of leaves (IC 249.50 ± 0.97 g/mL). The aqueous extract of the flowers showed the toxic effect with LC 107.31 ± 49.04 g/mL against the brine shrimp nauplii. In conclusion, was found to be a rich source of plant secondary metabolites such as phenolics and flavonoids with potential effects against bacterial infection, diabetes, and oxidative stress in humans. The toxicity study showed that the aqueous extract of flowers possesses pharmacological activities. This study supports the traditional use of the plant against infectious diseases and diabetes and provides some scientific validation.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Methanol; Chromolaena; Escherichia coli; alpha-Glucosidases; Plant Extracts; Phenols; Flavonoids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Phytochemicals; Water; Hypoglycemic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus; Communicable Diseases
PubMed: 37849963
DOI: 10.1155/2023/6689271 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Despite public health risk mitigation measures and regulation efforts by many countries, regions, and sectors, viral outbreaks remind the world of our vulnerability to... (Review)
Review
Despite public health risk mitigation measures and regulation efforts by many countries, regions, and sectors, viral outbreaks remind the world of our vulnerability to biological hazards and the importance of mitigation actions. The saltwater-tolerant plants in the genus belonging to the Amaranthaceae family are widely recognized and researched as producers of clinically applicable phytochemicals. The plants in the genus contain flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, and hydroxycinnamic acids, including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, isoquercitrin, and myricitrin, which have all been shown to support the antiviral, virucidal, and symptom-suppressing activities. Their potential pharmacological usefulness as therapeutic medicine against viral infections has been suggested in many studies, where recent studies suggest these phenolic compounds may have pharmacological potential as therapeutic medicine against viral infections. This study reviews the antiviral effects, the mechanisms of action, and the potential as antiviral agents of the aforementioned phenolic compounds found in spp. against an influenza A strain (H1N1), hepatitis B and C (HBV/HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), as no other literature has described these effects from the genus at the time of publication. This review has the potential to have a significant societal impact by proposing the development of new antiviral nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals derived from phenolic-rich formulations found in the edible spp. These formulations could be utilized as a novel strategy by which to combat viral pandemics caused by H1N1, HBV, HCV, and HIV-1. The findings of this review indicate that isoquercitrin, myricetin, and myricitrin from spp. have the potential to exhibit high efficiency in inhibiting viral infections. Myricetin exhibits inhibition of H1N1 plaque formation and reverse transcriptase, as well as integrase integration and cleavage. Isoquercitrin shows excellent neuraminidase inhibition. Myricitrin inhibits HIV-1 in infected cells. Extracts of biomass in the genus could contribute to the development of more effective and efficient measures against viral infections and, ultimately, improve public health.
Topics: Humans; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Hepatitis B virus; Antiviral Agents; Virus Diseases; Phenols; HIV-1; HIV Infections; Hepatitis C
PubMed: 37513186
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145312 -
Carbohydrate Research Nov 2023The development of human tissue models for regenerative medicine and animal-free drug screening requires glycosylated biomaterials such as collagen. An easy and fast...
The development of human tissue models for regenerative medicine and animal-free drug screening requires glycosylated biomaterials such as collagen. An easy and fast biomaterial glycosylation method exploiting Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) phenol coupling reaction is proposed. The protocol is adaptable to any polymer functionalized with phenol residues or tyrosine containing proteins. As a model the tyrosine residues on collagen films were functionalized with salidroside, a natural β-glucoside with a phenol in the aglycone. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and contact angle analysis revealed the influence of glycosylation on the sample's morphology and wettability. Preliminary biological evaluation showed the cytocompatibility of the glucosylated collagen films.
Topics: Humans; Tyrosine; Horseradish Peroxidase; Phenols; Phenol; Collagen
PubMed: 37713734
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108938 -
Environment International Jul 2023Impairment of the hematopoietic system is one of the primary adverse health effects from exposure to benzene. We previously have shown that exposure to benzene at low...
BACKGROUND
Impairment of the hematopoietic system is one of the primary adverse health effects from exposure to benzene. We previously have shown that exposure to benzene at low levels (<1 ppm) affects the blood forming system and that these effects were proportionally stronger at lower versus higher levels of benzene exposure. This observation is potentially explained by saturation of enzymatic systems.
METHODS
Here we extend these analyses by detailed modeling of the exposure response association of benzene and its major metabolites (i.e. catechol, muconic acid, phenol, and hydroquinone) on peripheral white blood cell (WBC) counts and its major cell-subtypes (i.e. granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes) using two previously published cross-sectional studies among occupationally exposed Chinese workers.
RESULTS
Supra-linear exposure response associations were observed between air benzene concentrations (range ∼ 0.1 - 100 ppm) and WBC counts and its cell-subtypes, with a larger than proportional decrease in cell counts at lower than at higher levels of benzene exposure. The hematotoxicity associations were largely similar in shape when the analyses were repeated with benzene urinary metabolites suggesting that enzymatic saturation is not a full explanation of the observed non-linearity with WBC endpoints.
DISCUSSION
We hypothesize that the flattening of the exposure response curve especially at higher benzene exposure levels may reflect a response by the bone marrow to maintain hematopoietic homeostasis. Toxicity to the bone marrow and an induced hyper-proliferative response could both contribute to risk of subsequently developing a hematopoietic malignancy. Additional work is needed to explore this hypothesis.
Topics: Humans; Benzene; Occupational Exposure; Cross-Sectional Studies; East Asian People; Phenols
PubMed: 37290291
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108007 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Lichens are complex symbiotic associations between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium. Due to their great adaptability to the environment, they have managed to...
BACKGROUND
Lichens are complex symbiotic associations between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium. Due to their great adaptability to the environment, they have managed to colonize many terrestrial habitats, presenting a worldwide distribution from the poles to the tropical regions and from the plains to the highest mountains. In the flora of the Antarctic region, lichens stand out due to their variety and development and are a potential source of new bioactive compounds.
METHODS
A phytochemical study of the Antarctic lichen (Jacq) Bory was conducted with the intention of determining the most important metabolites. In addition, the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of its extracts were determined.
RESULTS
Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the hexane extract contains usnic acid as a majority metabolite, in addition to linoleic acid, ergosterols and terpenes, and demonstrates cytotoxic activity against an A375 melanoma cell line. On the other hand, the presence of total phenols in the extracts did not influence their antioxidant activity.
CONCLUSIONS
contains mainly usnic acid, although there are terpenes and ergosta compounds that could be responsible for its cytotoxic activity. The presence of phenols did not confer antioxidant properties.
Topics: Antioxidants; Usnea; Lichens; Phenols; Terpenes
PubMed: 37959736
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217317 -
Drug Resistance Updates : Reviews and... Mar 2024Cancer lactate metabolic reprogramming induces an elevated level of extracellular lactate and H, leading to an acidic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TEM)....
Cancer lactate metabolic reprogramming induces an elevated level of extracellular lactate and H, leading to an acidic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TEM). High lactic acid level may affect the metabolic programs of various cells that comprise an antitumor immune response, therefore, restricting immune-mediated tumor destruction, and leading to therapeutic resistance and unsatisfactory prognosis. Here, we report a metal-phenolic coordination-based nanocomplex loaded with a natural polyphenol galloflavin, which inhibits the function of lactate dehydrogenase, reducing the production of lactic acid, and alleviating the acidic immunosuppressive TME. Besides, the co-entrapped natural polyphenol carnosic acid and the synthetic PEG-Ce6 polyphenol derivative (serving as a photosensitizer) could induce immunogenic cancer cell death upon laser irradiation, which further activates immune system and promotes immune cell recruitment and infiltration in tumor tissues. We demonstrated that this nanocomplex-based combinational therapy could reshape the TME and elicit immune responses in a murine breast cancer model, which provides a promising strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of drug-resistant breast cancer.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Female; Lactic Acid; Polyphenols; Metabolic Reprogramming; Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Phenols; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38309140
DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101060 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Sep 2023Reductive dehalogenases are corrinoid and iron-sulfur cluster-containing enzymes that catalyze the reductive removal of a halogen atom. The oxygen-sensitive and...
Reductive dehalogenases are corrinoid and iron-sulfur cluster-containing enzymes that catalyze the reductive removal of a halogen atom. The oxygen-sensitive and membrane-associated nature of the respiratory reductive dehalogenases has hindered their detailed kinetic study. In contrast, the evolutionarily related catabolic reductive dehalogenases are oxygen tolerant, with those that are naturally fused to a reductase domain with similarity to phthalate dioxygenase presenting attractive targets for further study. We present efficient heterologous expression of a self-sufficient catabolic reductive dehalogenase from Jhaorihella thermophila in Escherichia coli. Combining the use of maltose-binding protein as a solubility-enhancing tag with the btuCEDFB cobalamin uptake system affords up to 40% cobalamin occupancy and a full complement of iron-sulfur clusters. The enzyme is able to efficiently perform NADPH-dependent dehalogenation of brominated and iodinated phenolic compounds, including the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol, under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. NADPH consumption is tightly coupled to product formation. Surprisingly, corresponding chlorinated compounds only act as competitive inhibitors. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals loss of the Co(II) signal observed in the resting state of the enzyme under steady-state conditions, suggesting accumulation of Co(I)/(III) species prior to the rate-limiting step. In vivo reductive debromination activity is readily observed, and when the enzyme is expressed in E. coli strain W, supports growth on 3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenylacetic as a sole carbon source. This demonstrates the potential for catabolic reductive dehalogenases for future application in bioremediation.
Topics: Escherichia coli; NADP; Oxygen; Vitamin B 12; Phenols; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Hydrolases; Rhodobacteraceae; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Models, Molecular; Maltose-Binding Proteins; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Coenzymes
PubMed: 37495113
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105086 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023As typical environmental endocrine disruptors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, bisphenol A and ibuprofen in water supplies can cause great harm to the...
As typical environmental endocrine disruptors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, bisphenol A and ibuprofen in water supplies can cause great harm to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, magnetic covalent organic framework composites FeO@COF-300 were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and used to remove bisphenol A and ibuprofen from water. FeO@COF-300 could be rapidly separated from the matrix by external magnetic fields, and could selectively adsorb bisphenol A and ibuprofen in the presence of coexisting compounds such as phenol, Congo red, and amino black 10B. The removal efficiency of ibuprofen was 96.12-98.52% at pH in the range of 2-4 and that of bisphenol A was 92.18-95.62% at pH in the range of 2-10. The adsorption of bisphenol A and ibuprofen followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir model, and was a spontaneous endothermic process with the maximum adsorption amounts of 173.31 and 303.03 mg∙g, respectively. The material presented favorable stability and reusability, and the removal efficiency of bisphenol A and ibuprofen after 5 cycles was still over 92.15% and 89.29%, respectively. Therefore, the prepared composite FeO@COF-300 exhibited good performance in the adsorption of bisphenol A and ibuprofen in water.
Topics: Humans; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Adsorption; Ibuprofen; Phenols; Magnetic Phenomena; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 37446876
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135214 -
Redox Biology May 2024Following ingestion of fruits, vegetables and derived products, (poly)phenols that are not absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract pass to the colon, where they... (Review)
Review
Following ingestion of fruits, vegetables and derived products, (poly)phenols that are not absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract pass to the colon, where they undergo microbiota-mediated ring fission resulting in the production of a diversity of low molecular weight phenolic catabolites, which appear in the circulatory system and are excreted in urine along with their phase II metabolites. There is increasing interest in these catabolites because of their potential bioactivity and their use as biomarkers of (poly)phenol intake. Investigating the fate of dietary (poly)phenolics in the colon has become confounded as a result of the recent realisation that many of the phenolics appearing in biofluids can also be derived from the aromatic amino acids, l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine, and to a lesser extent catecholamines, in reactions that can be catalysed by both colonic microbiota and endogenous mammalian enzymes. The available evidence, albeit currently rather limited, indicates that substantial amounts of phenolic catabolites originate from phenylalanine and tyrosine, while somewhat smaller quantities are produced from dietary (poly)phenols. This review outlines information on this topic and assesses procedures that can be used to help distinguish between phenolics originating from dietary (poly)phenols, the two aromatic amino acids and catecholamines.
Topics: Animals; Phenols; Tyrosine; Phenylalanine; Diet; Amino Acids, Aromatic; Polyphenols; Mammals
PubMed: 38377790
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103068