-
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The study aimed to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of five protein supplements of plant origin. The content and profile of phenolics were...
The study aimed to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of five protein supplements of plant origin. The content and profile of phenolics were determined using the UHPLC-DAD-MS method, while antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH assays) and total phenolic content (TPC) were evaluated using spectrophotometric tests. In the analyzed proteins, twenty-five polyphenols were detected, including eleven phenolic acids, thirteen flavonoids, and one ellagitannin. Hemp protein revealed the highest individual phenolics content and TPC value (1620 μg/g and 1.79 mg GAE/g, respectively). Also, hemp protein showed the highest antioxidant activity determined via ABTS (9.37 μmol TE/g) and DPPH (9.01 μmol TE/g) assays. The contents of -coumaric acid, -coumaric acid, kaempferol, rutin, isorhamnetin-3--rutinoside, kaempferol-3--rutinoside, and TPC value were significantly correlated with antioxidant activity assays. Our findings indicate that plant-based protein supplements are a valuable source of phenols and can also be used in research related to precision medicine, nutrigenetics, and nutrigenomics. This will benefit future health promotion and personalized nutrition in the prevention of chronic diseases.
Topics: Antioxidants; Phenols; Dietary Supplements; Flavonoids; Plant Proteins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Polyphenols; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 38731592
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092101 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Green tomato () is a specie native to Mexico, and it is known as "tomatillo" or "husk tomato". The fruit contains vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, and steroidal...
Green tomato () is a specie native to Mexico, and it is known as "tomatillo" or "husk tomato". The fruit contains vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, and steroidal lactones, presenting antimicrobial activity and antinarcotic effects. Therefore, it is not only used in traditional Mexican cuisine, but also in traditional medicine to relieve some discomforts such as fever, cough, and amygdalitis. However, it is a perishable fruit whose shelf life is very short. As a part of the peel, cuticle, and epicuticular waxes represent the most important part in plant protection, and the specific composition and structural characterization are significant to know how this protective biopolymer keeps quality characteristics in fresh fruits. cutin was obtained by enzymatic treatments (cellulase, hemicellulose, and pectinase) and different concentrations of TFA, and studied through Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CPMAS C NMR), Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), and was morphologically characterized by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The main constituents identified under the basis of UHPLC-MS analysis were 9,10,18-trihydroxy-octadecanoic acid and 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid with 44.7 and 37.5%, respectively. The C16 absence and low occurrence of phenolic compounds, besides the presence of glandular trichomes, which do not allow a continuous layer on the surface of the fruit, could be related to a lower shelf life compared with other common fruits such as tomato ().
Topics: Physalis; Fruit; Mexico; Solanum lycopersicum; Phenols; Membrane Lipids
PubMed: 38202766
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010184 -
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Dec 2023Phenols confer bioactivity to a plethora of organic compounds. Protecting the phenolic functionality with photoremovable protecting groups (PPGs) sensitive to two-photon...
Phenols confer bioactivity to a plethora of organic compounds. Protecting the phenolic functionality with photoremovable protecting groups (PPGs) sensitive to two-photon excitation (2PE) can block the bioactivity and provide controlled release of these compounds in a spatially and temporally restricted manner by photoactivation with IR light. To develop an efficient 2PE-sensitive PPG for releasing phenols, the (8-cyano-7-hydroxyquinolin-2-yl)methyl (CyHQ) chromophore was functionalized at the C4 position with methyl, morpholine, methoxy, para-tolyl, and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl groups to provide 4-methyl-CyHQ (Me-CyHQ), 4-morpholino-CyHQ (Mor-CyHQ), 4-methoxy-CyHQ (MeO-CyHQ), 4-(-tolyl)-CyHQ (Tol-CyHQ), and 4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-CyHQ (TMP-CyHQ) PPGs. The probes possess attributes useful for biological use, including high quantum yield (Φ), hydrolytic stability, and good aqueous solubility in physiological conditions. The MeO-CyHQ PPG enhanced the two-photon uncaging action cross section (δ) of dopamine 3.5-fold (0.85 GM) compared to CyHQ (0.24 GM) at 740 nm and 1.49 GM at 720 nm. MeO-CyHQ was used to mediate photoactivation via 2PE of serotonin, rotigotine, -vanillyl-nonanoylamide (VNA) (a capsaicin analogue), and eugenol. The constructs except rotigotine showed excellent efficiency in 2PE with δ ranging from 0.75 to 1.01 GM at 740 nm and from 1.31 to 1.36 GM at 720 nm high yielding release of the payloads. These probes also performed well by using conventional single photon excitation (1PE). The spatially and temporally controlled release of dopamine from CyHQ-DA and MeO-CyHQ-DA and serotonin (5-HT) from MeO-CyHQ-5HT was quantified in cell culture by using genetically encoded sensors for dopamine and serotonin, respectively. Calcium imaging was employed to quantify the release of VNA and eugenol (EG) from MeO-CyHQ-VNA and MeO-CyHQ-EG, respectively. These tools will enable experiments to understand the intricate mechanisms involved in neurological signaling and the roles played by neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, in the activation of their respective receptors.
Topics: Phenols; Serotonin; Eugenol; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dopamine
PubMed: 37988406
DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00552 -
Environmental Toxicology and... Nov 2023Freshwater animals are exposed to anthropogenic contaminants and are biomonitors of water quality and models of the deleterious impacts of exposure. Sponges, such as...
Freshwater animals are exposed to anthropogenic contaminants and are biomonitors of water quality and models of the deleterious impacts of exposure. Sponges, such as Ephydatia muelleri, constantly pump water and are effective indicators of water-soluble contaminants. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), native to Southeast Asia, live in the water column and feed at the water-sediment interface and are exposed to both water-soluble and insoluble contaminants. While sponges and zebrafish diverged ∼700 million years ago, they share common genetic elements, and their response to contaminants can be predictive to a wide-range of animals. An emerging contaminant, bisphenol S, was tested to evaluate its toxicity during development. The toxicity and mechanism(s) of action of BPS is not well known. Water-borne exposures to BPS caused differing hatching rates, morphological changes, and shared gene expression changes of toxicologically-relevant genes. This study shows that BPS causes similarly adverse developmental impacts pointing to some overlapping mechanisms of action.
Topics: Animals; Zebrafish; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Phenols; Sulfones
PubMed: 37939749
DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104311 -
Food & Function Oct 2023Increasing evidence suggests that dietary (poly)phenols and methylxanthines have neuroprotective effects; however, little is known about whether they can cross the...
Increasing evidence suggests that dietary (poly)phenols and methylxanthines have neuroprotective effects; however, little is known about whether they can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exert direct effects on the brain. We investigated the presence of (poly)phenol and methylxanthine metabolites in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 90 individuals at risk of dementia using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and predicted their mechanism of transport across the BBB using modelling techniques. A total of 123 and 127 metabolites were detected in CSF and plasma, respectively. analysis suggests that 5 of the 20 metabolites quantified in CSF can cross the BBB by passive diffusion, while at least 9 metabolites require the aid of cell transporters to cross the BBB. Our results showed that (poly)phenols and methylxanthines are bioavailable, can cross the BBB passive diffusion or transport carriers, and can reach brain tissues to exert neuroprotective effects.
Topics: Humans; Blood-Brain Barrier; Neuroprotective Agents; Phenol; Phenols; Xanthines
PubMed: 37701930
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01913f -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Dec 2024This study describes the characterization of the recombinant GH3 aryl-β-glucosidase "GluLm" from Limosilactobacillus mucosae INIA P508, followed by its immobilization...
This study describes the characterization of the recombinant GH3 aryl-β-glucosidase "GluLm" from Limosilactobacillus mucosae INIA P508, followed by its immobilization on an agarose support with the aim of developing an efficient application to increase the availability and concentration of flavonoid and lignan aglycones in a vegetal beverage. In previous studies, heterologous GluLm-producing strains demonstrated a great capacity to deglycosylate flavonoids. Nevertheless, the physicochemical properties and substrate spectrum of the enzyme remained unknown up to now. A high production of purified GluLm was achieved (14 mg L). GluLm exhibited optimal activity at broad ranges of pH (5.0-8.0) and temperature (25-60°C), as well as high affinity (K of 0.10 mmol L) and specific constant (86554.0 mmol L s) against p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. Similar to other GH3 β-glucosidases described in lactic acid bacteria, GluLm exhibited β-xylosidase, β-galactosidase, and β-fucosidase activities. However, this study has revealed for the first time that a GH3 β-glucosidase is capable to hydrolyze different families of glycosylated phenolics such as flavonoids and secoiridoids. Although it exhibited low thermal stability, immobilization of GluLm improved its thermostability and allowed the development of a beverage based on soybeans and flaxseed extract with high concentration of bioactive isoflavone (daidzein, genistein), lignan (secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, and matairesinol), and other flavonoid aglycones. KEY POINTS: • Limosilactobacillus mucosae INIA P508 GluLm was purified and biochemically characterized • Immobilized GluLm efficiently deglycosylated flavonoids and lignans from a vegetal beverage • A viable application to produce vegetal beverages with a high content of aglycones is described.
Topics: beta-Glucosidase; Polyphenols; Flavonoids; Phenols; Lignans
PubMed: 38189949
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12956-9 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023As typical environmental endocrine disruptors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, bisphenol A and ibuprofen in water supplies can cause great harm to the...
As typical environmental endocrine disruptors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, bisphenol A and ibuprofen in water supplies can cause great harm to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, magnetic covalent organic framework composites FeO@COF-300 were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and used to remove bisphenol A and ibuprofen from water. FeO@COF-300 could be rapidly separated from the matrix by external magnetic fields, and could selectively adsorb bisphenol A and ibuprofen in the presence of coexisting compounds such as phenol, Congo red, and amino black 10B. The removal efficiency of ibuprofen was 96.12-98.52% at pH in the range of 2-4 and that of bisphenol A was 92.18-95.62% at pH in the range of 2-10. The adsorption of bisphenol A and ibuprofen followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir model, and was a spontaneous endothermic process with the maximum adsorption amounts of 173.31 and 303.03 mg∙g, respectively. The material presented favorable stability and reusability, and the removal efficiency of bisphenol A and ibuprofen after 5 cycles was still over 92.15% and 89.29%, respectively. Therefore, the prepared composite FeO@COF-300 exhibited good performance in the adsorption of bisphenol A and ibuprofen in water.
Topics: Humans; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Adsorption; Ibuprofen; Phenols; Magnetic Phenomena; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 37446876
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135214 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Nov 2023Coordination assembly offers a versatile means to developing advanced materials for various applications. However, current strategies for assembling metal-organic...
Coordination assembly offers a versatile means to developing advanced materials for various applications. However, current strategies for assembling metal-organic networks into nanoparticles (NPs) often face challenges such as the use of toxic organic solvents, cytotoxicity because of synthetic organic ligands, and complex synthesis procedures. Herein, we directly assemble metal-organic networks into NPs using metal ions and polyphenols (i.e., metal-phenolic networks (MPNs)) in aqueous solutions without templating or seeding agents. We demonstrate the role of buffers (e.g., phosphate buffer) in governing NP formation and the engineering of the NP physicochemical properties (e.g., tunable sizes from 50 to 270 nm) by altering the assembly conditions. A library of MPN NPs is prepared using natural polyphenols and various metal ions. Diverse functional cargos, including anticancer drugs and proteins with different molecular weights and isoelectric points, are readily loaded within the NPs for various applications (e.g., biocatalysis, therapeutic delivery) by direct mixing, without surface modification, owing to the strong affinity of polyphenols to various guest molecules. This study provides insights into the assembly mechanism of metal-organic complexes into NPs and offers a simple strategy to engineer nanosized materials with desired properties for diverse biotechnological applications.
Topics: Phenols; Polyphenols; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; Metals; Water
PubMed: 37800651
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312925 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition) Dec 2023By considering the importance and role of soil in the health of humanity, it is important to remove the presence of harmful compounds, such as phenol.
BACKGROUND
By considering the importance and role of soil in the health of humanity, it is important to remove the presence of harmful compounds, such as phenol.
METHODS
In this study, four types of soil and leaf samples were collected from Kerman, Iran, and the amounts of heterotrophic and degradation bacteria were determined using the serial dilution and most probable number (MPN) methods. The amount of removed phenol was investigated using the Gibbs method with different concentrations of phenol. Then, an isolate with the highest percentage of phenol degradation was identified as the superior strain using 16 sRNA sequencing. The effects of the different factors, such as the carbon source (1% molasses and 1 g glucose), nitrogen source (0.1 g yeast extract), mixed culture, and time (14 and 28 days), on the biodegradation ability of the superior strain was investigated.
RESULTS
A total of 18 bacterial strains were isolated from the samples. Isolate B3 had the highest rate (75%) of phenol degradation, at a concentration of 1000 ppm, meaning it was identified as the superior strain. The molecular analysis results identified this isolate as the strain F4. This bacterium can degrade 89% of the phenol at 30 °C, 180 rpm, and 800 ppm over 28 days. did not show a favorable phenol degradation ability in the presence of the investigated carbon sources, while this ability was also reduced in mixed cultures.
CONCLUSIONS
bacterial strain isolated from soil samples of pistachio orchards in Kerman, Iran, has a favorable ability to biodegrade phenol.
Topics: Phenol; Iran; Phenols; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Carbon
PubMed: 38163941
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbe1504029 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Dec 2023The most important factor in determining coffee quality and consumer choice is the flavour. During roasting, hundreds of simultaneous chemical reactions take place that...
Evaluation of the behaviour of phenols and alkaloids in samples of roasted and ground coffee stored in different types of packaging: Implications for quality and shelf life.
The most important factor in determining coffee quality and consumer choice is the flavour. During roasting, hundreds of simultaneous chemical reactions take place that contribute to the formation of the basic flavour of the coffee drink, imparting bitterness, astringency and acidity. The main chemical compounds responsible for these qualitative sensory properties are chlorogenic acids (CQAs), hydroxycinnamic acids and alkaloids. However, during storage, roasted and ground coffee can undergo several chemical and physical reactions that alter its flavour. This study focuses on LC-DAD analysis to investigate the effects of storing commercial coffee blends in different packaging, namely standard (multilayer film with aluminium barrier) and Eco-capsules. The results show relative stability of the phenolic and alkaloid fractions, although the CQA isomers behave differently and a decrease in caffeine and caffeic acid is observed during prolonged storage under 75% relative humidity compared to 65%, especially in Eco-friendly packaging.
Topics: Coffee; Coffea; Phenols; Hot Temperature; Caffeine
PubMed: 37986514
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113548