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RSC Advances Sep 2023Caged compounds protected with photolabile protecting groups (PPGs) are useful for controlling various biological events with high spatiotemporal resolution. Most of the...
Caged compounds protected with photolabile protecting groups (PPGs) are useful for controlling various biological events with high spatiotemporal resolution. Most of the commonly used PPGs are controlled by ultraviolet light irradiation, but it is desirable to have PPGs controlled by visible light irradiation in order to minimize tissue damage. Here, we describe a boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-picolinium conjugate (BPc group) that functions as a blue-light-controllable PPG. ESR experiments indicate that the photolysis mechanism is based on intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer. We illustrate the applicability of the BPc group to biologically active compounds by employing it firstly to photocontrol release of histamine, and secondly to photocontrol release of a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator, GSK2181236A, which induces photovasodilation. The BPc group is expected to be a useful PPG for controlling various biological events with blue light irradiation.
PubMed: 37671339
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03826b -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Previous biological tests have shown that some resveratrol analogs exhibited significant antioxidative and cholinesterase inhibitory potential, as evidenced by lower IC...
Previous biological tests have shown that some resveratrol analogs exhibited significant antioxidative and cholinesterase inhibitory potential, as evidenced by lower IC values compared to the established standards, resveratrol and galantamine, respectively. Photochemical transformations were made in parallel on these compounds in the presence of porphyrin photocatalysts in batch and microreactor, showing the significant advantage of flow photochemistry concerning productivity, selectivity, and yields. In this research, the products of photocatalysis and direct irradiation (photolysis) of resveratrol analogs were compared to elucidate how the types and ratios of the products depend on the excitation energy, to reveal the effects of the substituent on the photoinduced reactions and to rationalize experimentally and computationally the nature and ratio of the obtained products. Thus, two main paths were computed in agreement with the experimental results: isomerization with the participation of triplet state intermediates to yield the experimentally detected -isomers and subsequent cyclization following a pathway not available for the -isomers. The investigation of five model compounds confirmed the advantages of the flow photoreactor in the photochemical reactions of heterocyclic resveratrol analogs.
Topics: Resveratrol; Antioxidants; Cholinesterases; Cyclization; Galantamine
PubMed: 38202784
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010201 -
Heliyon Jul 2023In this study, we synthesized rGO/Fe/FeO/TiO nanocomposite according to Hummer's, and straightforward sol-gel method. The FESEM, EDX, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, BET, UV spectra,...
In this study, we synthesized rGO/Fe/FeO/TiO nanocomposite according to Hummer's, and straightforward sol-gel method. The FESEM, EDX, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, BET, UV spectra, and VSM analysis were applied to determine the catalyst properties. Optimization of influence parameters on photocatalytic process performance to penicillin G degradation in aqueous media. pH (4-8), nanocomposite dose (10-20 mg/L), reaction time (30-60 min), and penicillin G concentration (50-100 mg/L) were optimized via central composite design. In the optimum condition of PCP, supplementary studies were done. As a result of the analysis, the nanocomposite was well synthesized and displayed superior photocatalytic properties for degrading organic pollutants. In addition to being magnetically separable, the synthesized rGO/Fe/FeO/TiO nanocomposite exhibits high recyclability up to 5 times. The quadratic model of optimization is based on the adjusted R(0.99), and predicated R(0.97) suggested. According to the analysis of variance test, the model was significant (F-Value = 162.95, -Value = 0.0001). Photocatalytic process is most efficiently decomposed at pH = 6.5, catalyst dose = 18.5 mg/L, reaction time = 59.1 min, and penicillin G concentration = 52 mg/L (efficiency = 96%). The chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon decrease were 78, and 65%. The photolysis and adsorption mechanism as a single mechanism had lower performance in penicillin G degradation. Benzocaine had the greatest effect on reducing the efficiency of the process as a radical scavenger. The °OH, h and O were the main reactive oxidant species in penicillin G removal. Phenoxyacetaldehyde, Acetanilide, Diacetamate, Phenylalanylglycine, N-Acetyl-l-phenylalanine, Diformyldapsone, and Succisulfone were the main intermediates in penicillin G degradation. The results indicated the photocatalytic process with rGO/Fe/FeO/TiO nanocomposite on a laboratory scale has good efficiency in removing penicillin G antibiotic. The application of real media requires further studies.
PubMed: 37519670
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18172 -
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Jul 2023Water reclamation from lakes needs to be accomplished efficiently and affordably to ensure the availability of clean, disinfected water for society. Previous treatment...
Water reclamation from lakes needs to be accomplished efficiently and affordably to ensure the availability of clean, disinfected water for society. Previous treatment techniques, such as coagulation, adsorption, photolysis, ultraviolet light, and ozonation, are not economically feasible on a large scale. This study investigated the effectiveness of standalone HC and hybrid HC + HO treatment techniques for treating lake water. The effect of pH (3 to 9), inlet pressure (4 to 6 bar), and HO loading (1 to 5 g/L) were examined. At pH = 3, inlet pressure of 5 bar and HO loadings of 3 g/L, maximum COD and BOD removal were achieved·HO was observed to significantly improve the performance of the HC when used as a chemical oxidant. In an optimal operating condition, a COD removal of 54.5 % and a BOD removal of 51.5 % using HC alone for 1 h is observed. HC combined with HO removed 64 % of both COD and BOD. The hybrid HC + HO treatment technique resulted in a nearly 100% removal of pathogens. The results of this study indicate that the HC-based technique is an effective method for removing contaminants and disinfection of the lake water.
PubMed: 37271031
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106454 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2023Whether a tire crumb rubber (TCR) playground would expose children to potentially harmful chemicals such as heavy metals is an open question. The released metals...
Whether a tire crumb rubber (TCR) playground would expose children to potentially harmful chemicals such as heavy metals is an open question. The released metals available for pickup on the surface of TCR tiles was studied by accelerated 2-year aging of the TCRs in the NIST-SPHERE (National Institute of Standards and Technology Simulated Photodegradation via High Energy Radiant Exposure). The dermal contact was mimicked by a method of composite surface wiping from US Environmental Protection Agency throughout the weathering process. The surface release of ten most concerned harmful metals (Be, Cr, Cu, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb) was monitored through the course of aging. The cumulative release of Cu, As, Tl, and Sb reached potentially harmful levels at various times within 3 years, although only Cr was found at a harmful level on the surface of the tiles. Taking the cleansing effect of precipitation or periodic cleansing with rain into account, TCR playgrounds may still be safe for use.
Topics: United States; Humans; Child; Rubber; Photolysis; Metals; Weather; Rain
PubMed: 37620365
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38574-z -
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Oct 2023Orthogonal recreation of the signaling profile of a chemical synapse is a current challenge in neuroscience. This is due in part to the kinetics of synaptic signaling,...
Orthogonal recreation of the signaling profile of a chemical synapse is a current challenge in neuroscience. This is due in part to the kinetics of synaptic signaling, where neurotransmitters are rapidly released and quickly cleared by active reuptake machinery. One strategy to produce a rapid rise in an orthogonally controlled signal is via photocaged compounds. In this work, photocaged compounds are employed to recreate both the rapid rise and equally rapid fall in activation at a chemical synapse. Specifically, a complementary pair of photocages based on BODIPY were conjugated to a 5-HT subtype-selective agonist, WAY-161503, and antagonist, -desmethylclozapine, to generate "caged" versions of these drugs. These conjugates release the bioactive drug upon illumination with green light (agonist) or red light (antagonist). We report on the synthesis, characterization, and bioactivity testing of the conjugates against the 5-HT receptor. We then characterize the kinetics of photolysis quantitatively using HPLC and qualitatively in cell culture conditions stimulating live cells. The compounds are shown to be stable in the dark for 48 h at room temperature, yet photolyze rapidly when irradiated with visible light. In live cells expressing the 5-HT receptor, precise spatiotemporal control of the degree and length of calcium signaling is demonstrated. By loading both compounds in tandem and leveraging spectral multiplexing as a noninvasive method to control local small-molecule drug availability, we can reproducibly initiate and suppress intracellular calcium flux on a timescale not possible by traditional methods of drug dosing. These tools enable a greater spatiotemporal control of 5-HT modulation and will allow for more detailed studies of the receptors' signaling, interactions with other proteins, and native physiology.
Topics: Serotonin; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C; Serotonin Receptor Agonists; Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists
PubMed: 37721710
DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00290 -
Water Research Dec 2023Riparian tree canopies are key components of river systems, and influence the provision of many essential ecosystem services. Their management provides the potential for...
Riparian tree canopies are key components of river systems, and influence the provision of many essential ecosystem services. Their management provides the potential for substantial control of the downstream persistence of pollutants. The recent advent of new advances in mass spectrometry to detect a large suite of emerging contaminants, high-frequency observations of water quality and gas exchange (e.g., aquatic eddy covariance), and improved spatial resolution in remote sensing (e.g., hyperspectral measurements and high-resolution imagery), presents new opportunities to understand and more comprehensively quantify the role of riparian canopies as Nature-based Solutions. The paper outlines how we may now couple these advances in observational technologies with developments in water quality modelling to integrate simulation of eutrophication impacts with organic matter dynamics and fate of synthetic toxic compounds. In particular regarding solar radiation drivers, this enables us to scale-up new knowledge of canopy-mediated photodegradation processes at a basin level, and integrate it with ongoing improvements in understanding of thermal control, eutrophication, and ecosystem metabolism.
Topics: Environmental Monitoring; Ecosystem; Estuaries; Cities; Water Quality
PubMed: 37931359
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120815 -
Water Research Feb 2024The presence of estrogens in water environments has raised concerns for human health and ecosystems balance. These substances possess potent estrogenic properties,...
The presence of estrogens in water environments has raised concerns for human health and ecosystems balance. These substances possess potent estrogenic properties, causing severe disruptions in endocrine systems and leading to reproductive and developmental problems. Unfortunately, conventional treatment methods struggle to effectively remove estrogens and mitigate their effects, necessitating technological innovation. This study investigates the effectiveness of a novel sequential photolysis-granular activated carbon (GAC) sandwich biofiltration (GSBF) system in removing estrogens (E1, E2, E3, and EE2) and improving general water quality parameters. The results indicate that combining photolysis pre-treatment with GSBF consistently achieved satisfactory performance in terms of turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV, and microbial reduction, with over 77.5 %, 80.2 %, 89.7 %, and 92 % reduction, respectively. Furthermore, this approach effectively controlled the growth of microbial biomass under UV irradiation, preventing excessive head loss. To assess estrogen removal, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) measured their concentrations, while bioassays determined estrogenicity. The findings demonstrate that GSBF systems, with and without photolysis installation, achieved over 96.2 % removal for estrogens when the spike concentration of each targeted compound was 10 µg L, successfully reducing estrogenicity (EA/EA0) to levels below 0.05. Additionally, the study evaluated the impact of different thicknesses of GAC layer filling (8 cm, 16 cm, and 24 cm) and found no significant difference (p>0.05) in estrogen and estrogenicity removal among them.
Topics: Humans; Estrogens; Photolysis; Ecosystem; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Estrone; Charcoal
PubMed: 38064783
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120976 -
Water Research Aug 2023In household wastewater, a large proportion of organic micropollutants (OMPs) load is attributed to human urine. OMPs could pose a risk to human and environmental health...
In household wastewater, a large proportion of organic micropollutants (OMPs) load is attributed to human urine. OMPs could pose a risk to human and environmental health when urine collected in source-separating sanitation systems is recycled as crop fertiliser. This study evaluated degradation of 75 OMPs in human urine treated by a UV-based advanced oxidation process. Fresh urine and water samples were spiked with a broad range of OMPs and fed into a photoreactor equipped with a UV lamp (185 and 254 nm) that generated free radicals in situ. Degradation rate constant and the energy required to degrade 90% of all the OMPs in both matrices were determined. At a UV dose of 2060 J m, average ΣOMP degradation of 99% (±4%) in water and 55% (±36%) in fresh urine was achieved. The energy demand for removal of OMPs in water was <1500 J m, but for removal of OMPs in urine at least 10-fold more energy was needed. A combination of photolysis and photo-oxidation can explain the degradation of OMPs during UV treatment. Organic substances (e.g. urea, creatinine) likely inhibited degradation of OMPs in urine by competitively absorbing UV-light and scavenging free radicals. There was no reduction in the nitrogen content of urine during treatment. In summary, UV treatment can reduce the load of OMPs to urine recycling sanitation systems.
Topics: Humans; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification; Ultraviolet Rays; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 37390654
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120221 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Oct 2023Accumulated ethylene in fruit storage/transportation causes rapid senescence resulting in reduced shelf-life and postharvest losses. The aim of this study was to...
Accumulated ethylene in fruit storage/transportation causes rapid senescence resulting in reduced shelf-life and postharvest losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis modular reactor for fruit storage. The first experiment compared the effectiveness of VUV photolysis reactor with the standard fruit industry adsorbent (potassium permanganate, KMnO) on the removal of ethylene from mixed-fruit loading of apples, banana, and pears stored at ambient temperature (16 °C) for 6 days. Second study evaluated the impact of direct VUV radiation on quality attributes of apples stored at 10 °C for 21 days. Results showed that ethylene produced in mixed-fruit loading storage significantly ( < 0.05) reduced by 86.9% in the storage chamber connected to VUV modular reactor compared to 25.4% for storage under potassium permanganate. Direct exposure of apples to VUV radiation successfully reduced both ethylene and respiration rate but damaged the skin of the apples. Hue angle and lightness (*) for apples exposed to VUV radiation declined significantly ( < 0.05) from 60.7 ± 1.09 to 33.5 ± 9.51 and 58.1 ± 3.60 to 50.4 ± 1.13, respectively. This study showed the potential of VUV photolysis as an innovative technique for removing ethylene from storage facility.
PubMed: 37599845
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05775-3