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International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Nanozymes, which combine enzyme-like catalytic activity and the biological properties of nanomaterials, have been widely used in biomedical fields. Single-atom nanozymes... (Review)
Review
Nanozymes, which combine enzyme-like catalytic activity and the biological properties of nanomaterials, have been widely used in biomedical fields. Single-atom nanozymes (SANs) with atomically dispersed metal centers exhibit excellent biological catalytic activity due to the maximization of atomic utilization efficiency, unique metal coordination structures, and metal-support interaction, and their structure-activity relationship can also be clearly investigated. Therefore, they have become an emerging alternative to natural enzymes. This review summarizes the examples of nanocatalytic therapy based on SANs in tumor diagnosis and treatment in recent years, providing an overview of material classification, activity modulation, and therapeutic means. Next, we will delve into the therapeutic mechanism of SNAs in the tumor microenvironment and the advantages of synergistic multiple therapeutic modalities (e.g., chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, sonothermal therapy, and gas therapy). Finally, this review proposes the main challenges and prospects for the future development of SANs in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Topics: Humans; Nanostructures; Metals; Structure-Activity Relationship; Photochemotherapy; Neoplasms; Catalysis; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37958697
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115712 -
Indian Pediatrics Dec 2023Background: Enterohepatic bilirubin circulation is one of the determinants of neonatal jaundice. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of Oral Zinc Supplementation on Serum Bilirubin Levels in Term Neonates With Hyperbilirubinemia Undergoing Phototherapy: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial.
BACKGROUND
Background: Enterohepatic bilirubin circulation is one of the determinants of neonatal jaundice.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the role of oral zinc in reducing serum bilirubin in term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.
STUDY DESIGN
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
PARTICIPANTS
106 term neonates with jaundice within the phototherapy range admitted to a level III neonatal intensive care unit.
INTERVENTION
Neonates were randomized and allocated to receive either oral zinc sulfate (5 mg/day) or matching placebo for 5 days. Both groups received conventional phototherapy as per American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines.
OUTCOMES
Primary: Reduction in total serum bilirubin levels at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr after intervention. Secondary: Duration of phototherapy, and hospital stay.
RESULTS
The mean (SD) total serum bilirubin levels in zinc and placebo groups were 15.3 (2.85) vs 17.1 (2.21) mg/dL (MD 1.74; P<0.001) at 24 h; 11.7 (4.46) vs. 14.62 (3.83) mg/dL (MD 2.89; P<0.001) at 48 h; 6.7 (4.77) vs 9.5 (3.70) mg/dL (MD 2.79; P <0.001) at 72 h; and 5.1 (3.95) vs 6.5 (3.70) mg/dL (MD 1,49; P=0.045) after 72 hr, respectively. The mean (SD) duration of phototherapy was significantly lower in zinc group than placebo group [ 53.42 (19.62) vs 71.4 (19.43) h; P<0.001]. There was no significant difference in hospital stay between the two groups [mean (SD) 81.05 (19.43) vs 86.25 (20.02) h; P= 0.227].
CONCLUSION
Oral zinc sulfate supplementation at a dose of 5 mg once a day along with phototherapy significantly reduced total and indirect serum bilirubin levels and also reduced the total duration of phototherapy required in the term neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, with minimal or no adverse effects.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Child; Zinc; Zinc Sulfate; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal; Jaundice, Neonatal; Bilirubin; Phototherapy; Digestive System Diseases; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37700584
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) with bright emission and unique chemical reactivity characters have been widely applied for optical sensing and imaging. With a combination of... (Review)
Review
Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) with bright emission and unique chemical reactivity characters have been widely applied for optical sensing and imaging. With a combination of surface modifications, effective therapeutic treatments of tumors are realized. In this review, we summarize the recently adopted biosensing and therapy events based on Au NCs. Homogeneous and fluorometric biosensing systems toward various targets, including ions, small molecules, reactive oxygen species, biomacromolecules, cancer cells, and bacteria, in vitro and in vivo, are presented by turn-off, turn-on, and ratiometric tactics. The therapy applications are concluded in three aspects: photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and as a drug carrier. The basic mechanisms and performances of these systems are introduced. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and future trend of Au NC-based biosensing and therapy systems.
Topics: Photochemotherapy; Drug Carriers; Fluorometry; Gold; Photothermal Therapy
PubMed: 38611853
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071574 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Apr 2024Multi-modal combination therapy is regarded as a promising approach to cancer treatment. Combining chemotherapy and phototherapy is an essential multi-modal combination...
Multi-modal combination therapy is regarded as a promising approach to cancer treatment. Combining chemotherapy and phototherapy is an essential multi-modal combination therapy endeavor. Ivermectin (IVM) is a potent antiparasitic agent identified as having potential antitumor properties. However, the fact that it induces protective autophagy while killing tumor cells poses a challenge to its further application. IR780 iodide (IR780) is a near-infrared (NIR) dye with outstanding photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects. However, the hydrophobicity, instability, and low tumor uptake of IR780 limit its clinical applications. Here, we have structurally modified IR780 with hydroxychloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, to synthesize a novel compound H780. H780 and IVM can form H780-IVM nanoparticles (H-I NPs) via self-assembly. Using hyaluronic acid (HA) to modify the H-I NPs, a novel nano-delivery system HA/H780-IVM nanoparticles (HA/H-I NPs) was synthesized for chemotherapy-phototherapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). Under NIR laser irradiation, HA/H-I NPs effectively overcame the limitations of IR780 and IVM and exhibited potent cytotoxicity. In vitro and in vivo experiment results showed that HA/H-I NPs exhibited excellent anti-CRC effects. Therefore, our study provides a novel strategy for CRC treatment that could enhance chemo-phototherapy by modulating autophagy.
Topics: Autophagy; Animals; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Drug Repositioning; Mice; Nanoparticles; Ivermectin; Cell Line, Tumor; Indoles; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Photochemotherapy; Antineoplastic Agents; Phototherapy; Hyaluronic Acid; Hydroxychloroquine; Photothermal Therapy
PubMed: 38658952
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02416-5 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Aug 2023The fast conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H O ) into reactive oxygen species (ROS) at tumor sites is a promising anticancer strategy by manipulating nanomedicines with...
The fast conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H O ) into reactive oxygen species (ROS) at tumor sites is a promising anticancer strategy by manipulating nanomedicines with near-infrared light in the second region (NIR-II). However, this strategy is greatly compromised by the powerful antioxidant capacity of tumors and the limited ROS generation rate of nanomedicines. This dilemma mainly stems from the lack of an effective synthesis method to support high-density copper-based nanocatalysts on the surface of photothermal nanomaterials. Herein, a multifunctional nanoplatform (MCPQZ) with high-density cuprous (Cu O) supported molybdenum disulfide (MoS ) nanoflowers (MC NFs) is developed for the efficient killing of tumors via a potent ROS storm by an innovative method. Under NIR-II light irradiation, the ROS intensity and maximum reaction velocity (V ) produced by MC NFs are 21.6 and 33.8 times that of the non-irradiation group in vitro, which is much higher than most current nanomedicines. Moreover, the strong ROS storm in cancer cells is efficiently formed by MCPQZ (increased by 27.8 times compared to the control), thanks to the fact that MCPQZ effectively pre-weakens the multiple antioxidant systems of cancer cells. This work provides a novel insight to solve the bottleneck of ROS-based cancer therapy.
Topics: Reactive Oxygen Species; Copper; Molybdenum; Phototherapy; Antioxidants; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 37340606
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302208 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Oct 2023Vitiligo patients may desire laser hair removal, skin rejuvenation, vascular treatments, and other laser or intense pulsed light (IPL) assisted treatments. However,...
Vitiligo patients may desire laser hair removal, skin rejuvenation, vascular treatments, and other laser or intense pulsed light (IPL) assisted treatments. However, there is a risk of inducing new depigmented patches (Koebner phenomenon). In absence of guidelines on the safe use of laser or IPL in vitiligo patients, dermatologists tend to be reluctant to administer these treatments. The aim of this survey study was to provide an estimation of the occurrence and related risk factors of laser/IPL-induced leukoderma or vitiligo. A cross-sectional survey study was performed among 15 vitiligo experts from 11 countries, with 14 questions about affected patients, involved laser/IPL treatments and the physicians' approach. In a total of 11,300 vitiligo patients, laser/IPL-induced leukoderma or vitiligo was reported in 30 patients (0.27%). Of these, 12 (40%) patients had a medical history of vitiligo and seven (58%) of these patients had stable (> 12 months) vitiligo before the treatment. Most frequently reported were hair removal procedures and localization of the face and legs. Side effects like blistering, crusting, and erosions occurred in 56.7% of the cases. These vitiligo experts based their advice on the risk of the laser treatment on stability of the vitiligo (43%) and activity signs (50%), and 50% discuss the risks before starting a laser treatment. Relevant activity signs are the Koebner phenomenon (57.1%), confetti-like lesions (57.1%) and hypochromic borders (50%). Laser-induced leukoderma or vitiligo is an uncommon phenomenon. Remarkably, a minority had a medical history of vitiligo of which 58% were stable. Consequently, most cases could not have been prevented by not treating vitiligo patients. However, a majority had laser/IPL-induced skin damage. Therefore, caution is advised with aggressive settings and test-spots prior to the treatment are recommended. This study showed significant variation in the current recommendations and approach of vitiligo experts regarding laser/IPL-induced leukoderma or vitiligo.
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo; Cross-Sectional Studies; Expert Testimony; Hypopigmentation; Lasers; Treatment Outcome; Intense Pulsed Light Therapy
PubMed: 36964767
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02611-8 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Feb 2024Tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is highly contagious and can lead to severe health complications if left untreated. This... (Review)
Review
Tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is highly contagious and can lead to severe health complications if left untreated. This review article discusses the importance of early detection and treatment and its global incidence and epidemiology, emphasizing its impact on vulnerable populations and its role as a major cause of death worldwide. Furthermore, it highlights the challenges faced with diagnosing TB. To overcome these challenges, point-of-care devices have emerged as promising tools for rapid and accurate TB detection. These include devices such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), lateral flow assays (LFAs), and microfluidic-based assays, which offer advantages such as rapid results, portability, and the ability to detect drug-resistant strains. Optical-based devices, such as photonic micro-ring sensors, silicon platform-based sensors, plasmonic-based platforms, microfluidics, and smartphone imaging, are some of the highlighted optical-based devices with the potential to detect TB. These devices can detect TB in sputum samples with high sensitivity and specificity. Optical-based diagnostic devices have the potential to offer the advantages of detecting low concentrations of target molecules and being adaptable to detect multiple targets simultaneously. Using these devices in a clinical setting makes them suitable for their application in improving access to diagnostic testing that enables earlier detection and treatment of TB. Furthermore, these devices would improve TB's global health issue, which requires comprehensive research, prevention, and treatment efforts.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Tuberculosis; Optical Devices; Head
PubMed: 38042235
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103906 -
Planta Medica May 2024Photodynamic therapy is a noninvasive cancer treatment that utilizes photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species upon light exposure, leading to tumor cell... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy is a noninvasive cancer treatment that utilizes photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species upon light exposure, leading to tumor cell apoptosis. Although photosensitizers have shown efficacy in clinical practice, they are associated with certain disadvantages, such as a certain degree of toxicity and limited availability. Recent studies have shown that natural product photosensitizers offer promising options due to their low toxicity and potential therapeutic effects. In this review, we provide a summary and evaluation of the current clinical photosensitizers that are commonly used and delve into the anticancer potential of natural product photosensitizers like psoralens, quinonoids, chlorophyll derivatives, curcumin, chrysophanol, doxorubicin, tetracyclines, Leguminosae extracts, and extract. The emphasis is on their phototoxicity, pharmacological benefits, and effectiveness against different types of diseases. Novel and more effective natural product photosensitizers for future clinical application are yet to be explored in further research. In conclusion, natural product photosensitizers have potential in photodynamic therapy and represent a promising area of research for cancer treatment.
Topics: Photosensitizing Agents; Biological Products; Photochemotherapy; Reactive Oxygen Species; Curcumin; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38423033
DOI: 10.1055/a-2257-9194 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Bone tumors, particularly osteosarcoma, are prevalent among children and adolescents. This ailment has emerged as the second most frequent cause of cancer-related... (Review)
Review
Bone tumors, particularly osteosarcoma, are prevalent among children and adolescents. This ailment has emerged as the second most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality in adolescents. Conventional treatment methods comprise extensive surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Consequently, the management of bone tumors and bone regeneration poses significant clinical challenges. Photothermal tumor therapy has attracted considerable attention owing to its minimal invasiveness and high selectivity. However, key challenges have limited its widespread clinical use. Enhancing the tumor specificity of photosensitizers through targeting or localized activation holds potential for better outcomes with fewer adverse effects. Combinations with chemotherapies or immunotherapies also present avenues for improvement. In this review, we provide an overview of the most recent strategies aimed at overcoming the limitations of photothermal therapy (PTT), along with current research directions in the context of bone tumors, including (1) target strategies, (2) photothermal therapy combined with multiple therapies (immunotherapies, chemotherapies, and chemodynamic therapies, magnetic, and photodynamic therapies), and (3) bifunctional scaffolds for photothermal therapy and bone regeneration. We delve into the pros and cons of these combination methods and explore current research focal points. Lastly, we address the challenges and prospects of photothermal combination therapy.
Topics: Humans; Bone Neoplasms; Photothermal Therapy; Infrared Rays; Animals; Photosensitizing Agents; Osteosarcoma; Combined Modality Therapy; Immunotherapy; Photochemotherapy; Bone Regeneration
PubMed: 38673726
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084139 -
Journal of Photochemistry and... Apr 2024Phthalocyanines have been described as effective photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy and are therefore, being studied for their biomedical applications. The...
Phthalocyanines have been described as effective photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy and are therefore, being studied for their biomedical applications. The metalation of photosensitizers can improve their photodynamic therapy potential. Here, we focus on the biological properties of [1,4-Bis(3,6,9,12-Tetraoxatridec-1-yloxy)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II) (ZnPc(αEG)) and demonstrate its exceptional anticancer activity upon light stimulation to kill preferentially cancer cells with a start of efficiency at 10 pM. Indeed, in this work we highlighted the high selectivity of ZnPc(αEG) for cancer cells compared with healthy ones and we establish its mechanism of action, enabling us to conclude that ZnPc(αEG) could be a powerful tool for cancer therapy.
Topics: Photosensitizing Agents; Zinc; Photochemotherapy; Organometallic Compounds; Zinc Compounds; Indoles
PubMed: 38457992
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112863