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International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024Sunlight, despite its benefits, can pose a threat to the skin, which is a natural protective barrier. Phototoxicity caused by overexposure, especially to ultraviolet... (Review)
Review
Sunlight, despite its benefits, can pose a threat to the skin, which is a natural protective barrier. Phototoxicity caused by overexposure, especially to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), results in burns, accelerates photoaging, and causes skin cancer formation. Natural substances of plant origin, i.e., polyphenols, flavonoids, and photosynthetic pigments, can protect the skin against the effects of radiation, acting not only as photoprotectors like natural filters but as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory remedies, alleviating the effects of photodamage to the skin. Plant-based formulations are gaining popularity as an attractive alternative to synthetic filters. Over the past 20 years, a large number of studies have been published to assess the photoprotective effects of natural plant products, primarily through their antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anti-immunosuppressive activities. This review selects the most important data on skin photodamage and photoprotective efficacy of selected plant carotenoid representatives from in vivo studies on animal models and humans, as well as in vitro experiments performed on fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. Recent research on carotenoids associated with lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, liposomes, and micelles is reviewed. The focus was on collecting those nanomaterials that serve to improve the bioavailability and stability of carotenoids as natural antioxidants with photoprotective activity.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Ultraviolet Rays; Antioxidants; Skin; Keratinocytes; Carotenoids; Skin Neoplasms; Sunscreening Agents
PubMed: 38338710
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031431 -
Current Opinion in Cell Biology Dec 2023Live imaging is a powerful tool, enabling scientists to observe living organisms in real time. In particular, when combined with fluorescence microscopy, live imaging... (Review)
Review
Live imaging is a powerful tool, enabling scientists to observe living organisms in real time. In particular, when combined with fluorescence microscopy, live imaging allows the monitoring of cellular components with high sensitivity and specificity. Yet, due to critical challenges (i.e., drift, phototoxicity, dataset size), implementing live imaging and analyzing the resulting datasets is rarely straightforward. Over the past years, the development of bioimage analysis tools, including deep learning, is changing how we perform live imaging. Here we briefly cover important computational methods aiding live imaging and carrying out key tasks such as drift correction, denoising, super-resolution imaging, artificial labeling, tracking, and time series analysis. We also cover recent advances in self-driving microscopy.
Topics: Deep Learning; Microscopy, Fluorescence
PubMed: 37897927
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102271 -
Clinical and Translational Medicine Jul 2023Intense ultraviolet (UV) exposure can cause phototoxic reactions, such as skin inflammation, resulting in injury. UV is a direct cause of DNA damage, but the mechanisms...
Intense ultraviolet (UV) exposure can cause phototoxic reactions, such as skin inflammation, resulting in injury. UV is a direct cause of DNA damage, but the mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation within cells after DNA damage are unclear. The bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome sequencing data from UV-irradiated and non-UV-irradiated skin showed that transcription-related proteins, such as HSF4 and COIL, mediate cellular response to UV irradiation. HSF4 and COIL can form a complex under UV irradiation, and the preference for binding target genes changed because of the presence of a large number of R-loops in cells under UV irradiation and the ability of COIL to recognize R-loops. The regulation of target genes was altered by the HSF4-COIL complex, and the expression of inflammation and ageing-related genes, such as Atg7, Tfpi, and Lims1, was enhanced. A drug screen was performed for the recognition sites of COIL and R-loop. N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine can competitively bind COIL and inhibit the binding of COIL to the R-loop. Thus, the activation of downstream inflammation-related genes and inflammatory skin injury was inhibited.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation; Heat Shock Transcription Factors; Inflammation; R-Loop Structures; Skin; Transcriptome
PubMed: 37461263
DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1336 -
ACS Nano Jun 2023Intratumoral pathogens can contribute to cancer progression and affect therapeutic response. , a core pathogen of colorectal cancer (CRC), is an important cause of low...
Intratumoral pathogens can contribute to cancer progression and affect therapeutic response. , a core pathogen of colorectal cancer (CRC), is an important cause of low therapeutic efficacy and metastasis. Thus, the modulation of intratumoral pathogens may provide a target for cancer therapy and metastasis inhibition. Herein, we propose an intratumoral -modulating strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of CRC and inhibiting lung metastasis by designing an antibacterial nanoplatform (Au@BSA-CuPpIX), which produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ultrasound and exhibited strong antibacterial activity. Importantly, Au@BSA-CuPpIX reduced the levels of apoptosis-inhibiting proteins by inhibiting intratumoral , thereby enhancing ROS-induced apoptosis. results demonstrated that Au@BSA-CuPpIX effectively eliminated to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) for orthotopic CRC and inhibit lung metastasis. Notably, entrapped gold nanoparticles reduced the phototoxicity of metalloporphyrin accumulated in the skin during tumor treatment, preventing severe inflammation and damage to the skin. Therefore, this study proposes a strategy for the elimination of in CRC to enhance the therapeutic effect of SDT, thus providing a promising paradigm for improving cancer treatment with fewer toxic side effects and promoting the clinical translational potential of SDT.
Topics: Humans; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Colorectal Neoplasms; Gold; Reactive Oxygen Species; Metal Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37201179
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01308 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Oct 2023Experimental studies emphasize the therapeutic potential of plant-derived photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy. Moreover, several in vitro and in vivo research... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Experimental studies emphasize the therapeutic potential of plant-derived photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy. Moreover, several in vitro and in vivo research present the promising roles of less-known anthraquinones that can selectively target cancer cells and eliminate them after light irradiation. This literature review summarizes the current knowledge of chosen plant-based-photosensitizers in PDT to show the results of emodin, aloe-emodin, parietin, rubiadin, hypericin, and soranjidiol in photodynamic therapy of cancer treatment and describe the comprehensive perspective of their role as natural photosensitizers.
METHODS
Literature searches of chosen anthraquinones were conducted on PubMed.gov with keywords: "emodin", "aloe-emodin", "hypericin", "parietin", "rubiadin", "soranjidiol" with "cancer" and "photodynamic therapy".
RESULTS
According to literature data, this review concentrated on all existing in vitro and in vivo studies of emodin, aloe-emodin, parietin, rubiadin, soranjidiol used as natural photosensitizers emphasizing their effectiveness and detailed mechanism of action in anticancer therapy. Moreover, comprehensive preclinical and clinical studies on hypericin reveal that the above-described substances may be included in the phototoxic treatment of different cancers.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, this review presented less-known anthraquinones with their promising molecular mechanisms of action. It is expected that in the future they may be used as natural PSs in cancer treatment as well as hypericin.
Topics: Photosensitizing Agents; Anthraquinones
PubMed: 37603973
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155035 -
Natural Products and Bioprospecting Nov 2023Mushrooms have been utilized by humans for thousands of years due to their medicinal and nutritional properties. They are a crucial natural source of bioactive secondary... (Review)
Review
Mushrooms have been utilized by humans for thousands of years due to their medicinal and nutritional properties. They are a crucial natural source of bioactive secondary metabolites, and recent advancements have led to the isolation of several alkynyl-containing compounds with potential medicinal uses. Despite their relatively low abundance, naturally occurring alkynyl compounds have attracted considerable attention due to their high reactivity. Bioactivity studies have shown that alkynyl compounds exhibit significant biological and pharmacological activities, including antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, phototoxic, HIV-inhibitory, and immunosuppressive properties. This review systematically compiles 213 alkynyl-containing bioactive compounds isolated from mushrooms since 1947 and summarizes their diverse biological activities, focusing mainly on cytotoxicity and anticancer effects. This review serves as a detailed and comprehensive reference for the chemical structures and bioactivity of alkynyl-containing secondary metabolites from mushrooms. Moreover, it provides theoretical support for the development of chemical constituents containing alkynyl compounds in mushrooms based on academic research and theory.
PubMed: 37946001
DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00416-w