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Frontiers in Oral Health 2024The study aimed to evaluate the impact of tobacco use on the composition and functions of the oral microbiome in healthy adult humans. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to evaluate the impact of tobacco use on the composition and functions of the oral microbiome in healthy adult humans.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Cinhal databases for literature published until 15 December 2023, to identify studies that have evaluated the oral microbiome with culture-independent next-generation techniques comparing the oral microbiome of tobacco users and non-users. The search followed the PECO format. The outcomes included changes in microbial diversity and abundance of microbial taxa. The quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) (PROSPERO ID CRD42022340151).
RESULTS
Out of 2,435 articles screened, 36 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria and were selected for full-text review. Despite differences in design, quality, and population characteristics, most studies reported an increase in bacterial diversity and richness in tobacco users. The most notable bacterial taxa enriched in users were and at the phylum level and , , and at the genus level. At the functional level, more similarities could be noted; and were increased in tobacco users compared to non-users. Most of the studies were of good quality on the NOS scale.
CONCLUSION
Tobacco smoking influences oral microbial community harmony, and it shows a definitive shift towards a proinflammatory milieu. Heterogeneities were detected due to sampling and other methodological differences, emphasizing the need for greater quality research using standardized methods and reporting.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
CRD42022340151.
PubMed: 38445094
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1310334 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Oct 2023In this case report, we present a young man with Lemierre's syndrome, which is a potentially fatal condition most commonly caused by the bacterium Fusobacterium...
In this case report, we present a young man with Lemierre's syndrome, which is a potentially fatal condition most commonly caused by the bacterium Fusobacterium necrophorum. When Lemierre's syndrome is suspected, it is important to consider X-ray, ultrasound, and CT scan, as they can bring tremendous diagnostic value.
Topics: Male; Humans; Lemierre Syndrome; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 37499606
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116023 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024There exists a bidirectional relationship between oral health and general well-being, with an imbalance in oral symbiotic flora posing a threat to overall human health.... (Review)
Review
There exists a bidirectional relationship between oral health and general well-being, with an imbalance in oral symbiotic flora posing a threat to overall human health. Disruptions in the commensal flora can lead to oral diseases, while systemic illnesses can also impact the oral cavity, resulting in the development of oral diseases and disorders. and , known as pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis, play a crucial role in linking periodontitis to accompanying systemic diseases. In periodontal tissues, these bacteria, along with their virulence factors, can excessively activate the host immune system through local diffusion, lymphatic circulation, and blood transmission. This immune response disruption contributes to an imbalance in osteoimmune mechanisms, alveolar bone resorption, and potential systemic inflammation. To restore local homeostasis, a deeper understanding of microbiota-host interactions and the immune network phenotype in local tissues is imperative. Defining the immune network phenotype in periodontal tissues offers a promising avenue for investigating the complex characteristics of oral plaque biofilms and exploring the potential relationship between periodontitis and associated systemic diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying - and -induced alveolar bone resorption, as well as the immunophenotypes observed in host periodontal tissues during pathological conditions.
Topics: Humans; Periodontitis; Alveolar Bone Loss; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Inflammation; Fusobacterium nucleatum
PubMed: 38455060
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1254516 -
BMC Cancer Oct 2023To investigate how Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) promotes oxidative stress and mediates proliferation and autophagy in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC).
BACKGROUND
To investigate how Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) promotes oxidative stress and mediates proliferation and autophagy in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC).
METHODS
The prognosis for 82 HPSCC cases was retrospectively analyzed. HPSCC cell line FaDu was co-cultured with Fn. Knockdown of NUDT1 (shNUDT1 group) was done after observing DNA damage response. CCK8 and tumorigenesis assays for proliferation observation, mitochondria ROS (MitoROS) measurement to examine intracellular oxidative stress, and ELISA to analyze concentration of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assays clarified miR-361-3p connection with NUDT1. Autophagy flow was observed using electron microscopy and related proteins.
RESULTS
Fn was highly associated with NUDT1. The shNUDT1 group experienced lower proliferation compared with normal FaDu (NC group) in vivo and in vitro. The shNUDT1 group showed 8-oxo-dG and γH2AX to be elevated. Intracellular ROS decreased in shNUDT1Fn group when compared to Fn group. Upregulating miR-361-3p could suppress NUDT1 expression and downstream proliferation and autophagy. Fn modulated miR-361-3p via OH, which could be proven by HO assay and N-acetylcysteine.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher Fn in HPSCC patients suggests poorer prognosis. NUDT1 might affect cell proliferation and autophagy and modulate DNA damage response. The oxidative stress induced miR-361-3p/NUDT1 axis is first introduced in microbiome-carcinoma research.
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Hydrogen Peroxide; Reactive Oxygen Species; Retrospective Studies; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Oxidative Stress; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Autophagy; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
PubMed: 37848855
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11439-4 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2023Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in the world; the main treatment for CRC is immunosuppressive therapy, but this therapy is only effective for a...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in the world; the main treatment for CRC is immunosuppressive therapy, but this therapy is only effective for a small percentage of CRC patients, so there is an urgent need for a treatment with fewer side effects and higher efficacy. This study demonstrated that with increased abundance in CRC can regulate the autophagy process and disrupt normal intestinal microbiota by producing hydrogen sulfide, factors that may be involved in the development and progression of CRC. This study may provide a reference for future CRC treatment options that are efficient and have fewer side effects.
Topics: Humans; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Colorectal Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hydrogen Sulfide; Autophagy
PubMed: 37889013
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02292-23 -
Journal of Advanced Research Jul 2024The tumor-associated microbiota plays a vital role in cancer development. Accumulating evidence shows that Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) participates in the progression...
INTRODUCTION
The tumor-associated microbiota plays a vital role in cancer development. Accumulating evidence shows that Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) participates in the progression of multiple tumor types. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
OBJECTIVES
This study examined the expression of methyltransferase-like protein 3 (METTL3) during Fn infection and elucidated the function and pathway of Fn-induced m6A methylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
METHODS
The abundance of Fn in patient tissues was determined by qPCR. Western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry were performed to measure METTL3 expression in cells and tissues. METTL3 function was evaluated in vitro by colony formation and cell migration assays. MeRIP-qPCR was performed to determine the relationship between METTL3 and c-Myc. In addition, the half-lives of genes that are downstream of METTL3 were determined with RNA stability assays.
RESULTS
Fn was enriched in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer (BRCA), ESCC, and colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor tissues. METTL3 expression was positively associated with Fn abundance in ESCC tissues. Fn could survive and proliferation as well as increase METTL3 expression in ESCC, HCC, CRC, and BRCA cells. Moreover, METTL3 overexpression promoted ESCC cells proliferation, migration in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, Intracellular Fn infection increases METTL3 transcription. METTL3 promoted c-Myc mRNA methylation in the 3'-untranslated Region (3'-UTR) and enhanced its mRNA stability in a YTH N6-Methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1(YTHDF1)-dependent manner, which contributes to Fn induced ESCC proliferation and metastasis.
CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that intracellular Fn infection promotes ESCC development and metastasis, and eradicating Fn infection may be a promising strategy for treating ESCC.
Topics: Humans; Methyltransferases; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Esophageal Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Fusobacterium Infections; Cell Proliferation; Cell Movement; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Methylation; Male; Adenosine; Animals; Neoplasm Metastasis; Mice; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; Middle Aged
PubMed: 37619934
DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.014 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023The association between liver fibrosis and oral or gut microbiota has been studied before. However, epidemiological studies in the general population are limited owing...
The association between liver fibrosis and oral or gut microbiota has been studied before. However, epidemiological studies in the general population are limited owing to the difficulty of noninvasive liver-fibrosis assessment. FibroScan-asparate aminotransferase (FAST) scores can be used to accurately and non-invasively evaluate liver fibrosis. This study aimed to determine the association between liver fibrosis and oral or gut microbiota using the FAST score in the general population. After propensity score matching of 1059 participants based on sex, age, body mass index, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and triglyceride levels, 125 (non-liver-fibrosis group, 100; liver fibrosis group, 25) were included. The diversity of gut microbiota differed significantly between the two groups; however, no significant differences were noted in their oral microbiota. The liver fibrosis group showed an increase in the relative abundance of strains and a decrease in the relative abundance of , with the presence of in the gut microbiota. was not identified as an independent factor of liver fibrosis in adjusting the fatty liver index. In the general population, gut microbiota may be more involved in liver fibrosis than oral microbiota.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Aspartate Aminotransferases; East Asian People; Liver Cirrhosis; Microbiota
PubMed: 37686272
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713470 -
Cancers Nov 2023Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cavity malignancy associated with multiple risk factors. In the last 14 years, oral dysbiosis has attracted... (Review)
Review
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cavity malignancy associated with multiple risk factors. In the last 14 years, oral dysbiosis has attracted the scientific community's attention as a potential oncogenic factor, in parallel with the development of omics technologies that have revolutionized microbiological research. The present umbrella review aimed to investigate the oral microbiological content (bacilli, viruses, and fungi) of tissue and saliva samples from adult (>18 years) patients with OSCC. The secondary objective was to compare the oral microbiome of OSCC subjects with non-OSCC subjects. The study protocol was under the PRISMA statement and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023448153). Data from 32 systematic reviews were extracted, qualitatively summarized, and analyzed using AMSTAR-2. An increase in oral bacteria of the phylum Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes and a decrease in Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were observed in OSCC patients. The increased bacterial genera were periodontopathogens. The most common viruses were EBV and HPV, especially the high-risk genotypes. Candida was the most studied oral fungus and was always increased in OSCC subjects. Further studies should investigate the possible carcinogenic mechanisms of oral microorganisms found increased in tissue samples and saliva from adult subjects with OSCC.
PubMed: 38067244
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235540 -
Gut Microbes 2024The anaerobic bacterium is significantly associated with human colorectal cancer (CRC) and is considered a significant contributor to the disease. The mechanisms...
The anaerobic bacterium is significantly associated with human colorectal cancer (CRC) and is considered a significant contributor to the disease. The mechanisms underlying the promotion of intestinal tumor formation by have only been partially uncovered. Here, we showed that releases a metabolite into the microenvironment that strongly activates NF-κB in intestinal epithelial cells via the ALPK1/TIFA/TRAF6 pathway. Furthermore, we showed that the released molecule had the biological characteristics of ADP-heptose. We observed that induction of this pathway increased the expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 and two anti-apoptotic genes known to be implicated in CRC, and . Finally, it promoted the survival of CRC cells and reduced 5-fluorouracil chemosensitivity . Taken together, our results emphasize the importance of the ALPK1/TIFA pathway in induced-CRC pathogenesis, and identify the role of ADP-H in this process.
Topics: Humans; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Base Composition; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Colorectal Neoplasms; Heptoses; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38126163
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2295384 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Nov 2023Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Metronidazole (MNZ) is exceedingly implicated in CRC. This study explored the roles of MNZ...
OBJECTIVE
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Metronidazole (MNZ) is exceedingly implicated in CRC. This study explored the roles of MNZ in mouse CRC occurrence and liver metastasis (CRLM).
METHODS
Male BALB/c nude mice were subjected to CRC and CRLM modeling, orally administration with MNZ (1 g/L) 1 week before modeling, and disease activity index (DAI) evaluation. Fresh stool and anal swab samples were collected on the morning of the 28th day after modeling. The relative expression of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) DNA was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. After euthanasia, tumor tissues and liver tissues were separated and the tumor volume and weight change were measured. The liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to quantitatively analyze the metastatic liver nodules. Malignant tumor biomarker Ki67 protein levels in liver tissues/DNA from stool samples were detected by immunohistochemistry/high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was performed on the raw sequence data to analyze microbial community richness (Chao1 index, ACE index) and microbial community diversity (Shannon index).
RESULTS
The DAI and F. nucleatum DNA relative expression in feces and anal swabs of the CRC and CRLM groups were raised and repressed after MNZ intervention. MNZ repressed tumor occurrence and growth in mice to a certain extent, alleviated CRLM malignant degree (reduced liver metastases and Ki67-positive cell density/number), and suppressed CRC liver metastasis by regulating intestinal flora structure, which affected the intestinal characteristic flora of CRC and CRLM mice.
CONCLUSION
MNZ suppressed CRC occurrence and CRLM in mice by regulating intestinal F. nucleatum.
Topics: Male; Animals; Mice; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Colorectal Neoplasms; Metronidazole; Ki-67 Antigen; Mice, Nude; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fusobacterium Infections; Liver Neoplasms; DNA
PubMed: 38018574
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1067