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Microbiology Spectrum Jul 2024has been associated with progression of periodontitis, characterized by inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. Here, we report that matcha, a product of ,...
UNLABELLED
has been associated with progression of periodontitis, characterized by inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. Here, we report that matcha, a product of , hampers the adherence and survival of through multiple tactics. Matcha extract (ME) inhibited the growth not only of but also of s and , while it did not inhibit growth of nine species of oral streptococci and . ME-mediated growth inhibition was characterized by both morphological and physiological changes at the bacterial envelope, which were accompanied by nano-particle formation and decreased membrane fluidity/permeability without loss of membrane integrity. ME also triggered autoaggregation of in a major fimbriae (FimA)-dependent manner. In addition, adherence of was dramatically inhibited by ME, irrespective of fimbriae. Furthermore, a structure-activity relationship study tested a series of catechins isolated from ME and identified the pyrogallol-type B-ring of catechins as essential for growth inhibition. In a clinical study to assess the microbiological and therapeutic effects of matcha mouthwash in patients with periodontitis, the number in saliva was significantly reduced by matcha mouthwash compared to the pre-intervention level. A tendency toward improvement in probing pocket depth was observed in the matcha group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Taken together, we present a proof of concept, based on the multimodal inhibitory effect of matcha against , and that matcha may have clinical applicability for prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
IMPORTANCE
Periodontitis, a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the oral cavity, results in alveolar bone destruction, and is a major cause of tooth loss of humans. In addition, emerging evidence has demonstrated associations between periodontitis and a wide range of other chronic inflammation-driven disorders, including diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, cardiovascular disease, aspiration pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis, cognitive disorder, and cancer. In the present study, we report that matcha, a product of , hampers , a major periodontal pathobiont, in not only a series of experiments but also a pilot intervention clinical trial of patients with periodontitis, in which matcha mouthwash statistically significantly reduced the number in saliva, as compared to the pre-intervention level. Taken together, we suggest that matcha may have clinical applicability for prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
Topics: Porphyromonas gingivalis; Humans; Periodontitis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Adhesion; Plant Extracts; Catechin; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Adult; Prevotella nigrescens; Female; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Male; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
PubMed: 38771061
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03426-23 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024The association between periodontitis (PD) and Parkinson's disease (PK) is discussed due to the inflammatory component of neurodegenerative processes. PK severity and...
UNLABELLED
The association between periodontitis (PD) and Parkinson's disease (PK) is discussed due to the inflammatory component of neurodegenerative processes. PK severity and affected areas were determined using the following neuropsychological tests: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Score (UPDRS) and Hoehn and Yahr; non-motoric symptoms by Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), and cognitive involvement by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Neuroinflammation and the resulting Glucose-6-Phosphatase-Dehydrogenase (G6PD) dysfunction are part of the pathophysiology of PK. This study aimed to evaluate these associations in periodontal inflammation. Clinical data and saliva-, serum-, and RNA-biobank samples of 50 well-characterized diametric patients with PK and five age- and sex-matched neurologically healthy participants were analyzed for G6PD function, periodontal pathogens (, and , monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) 1, and interleukin (IL) 1-beta. Regression analysis was used to identify associations between clinical and behavioral data, and t-tests were used to compare health and disease. Compared with PK, no pathogens and lower inflammatory markers (p < 0.001) were detectible in healthy saliva and serum, PK-severity/UPDRS interrelated with the occurrence of in serum as well as IL1-beta levels in serum and saliva (p = 0.006, 0.019, 0.034), Hoehn and Yahr correlated with , , RNA IL1-beta regulation, serum, and saliva IL1-beta levels, with p-values of 0.038, 0.011, 0.008, <0.001, and 0.010, while MMSE was associated with , , serum MCP 1 levels, RNA IL1-beta regulation and G6PD serum activity (p = 0.036, 0.003, 0.045, <0.001, and 0.021). Cognitive and motor skills seem to be important as representative tests are associated with periodontal pathogens and oral/general inflammation, wherein G6PD-saliva dysfunction might be involved.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
https://www.bfarm.de/DE/Das-BfArM/Aufgaben/Deutsches-Register-Klinischer-Studien/_node.html, identifier DRKS00005388.
Topics: Humans; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Inflammation; Parkinson Disease; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; RNA; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase
PubMed: 38404290
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1298546 -
Multi-omics analysis of miRNA-mediated intestinal microflora changes in crucian carp infected with .Frontiers in Immunology 2024Infection by an emerging bacterial pathogen caused enteritis and septicemia in fish. However, the molecular pathogenesis of enteritis induced by infection and its...
Infection by an emerging bacterial pathogen caused enteritis and septicemia in fish. However, the molecular pathogenesis of enteritis induced by infection and its interacting mechanism of the intestinal microflora associated with microRNA (miRNA) immune regulation in crucian carp are still unclear. In this study, intraperitoneally injected with KCL-5 was used as an experimental animal model, and the intestinal pathological changes, microflora, and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were investigated by multi-omics analysis. The significant changes in histopathological features, apoptotic cells, and enzyme activities (e.g., lysozyme (LYS), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) in the intestine were examined after infection. Diversity and composition analysis of the intestinal microflora clearly demonstrated four dominant bacteria: Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. A total of 87 DEMs were significantly screened, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that the potential target genes were mainly involved in the regulation of lipid, glutathione, cytosine, and purine metabolism, which participated in the local immune response through the intestinal immune network for IgA production, lysosome, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways. Moreover, the expression levels of 11 target genes (e.g., , , , , , , , , , , and ) related to inflammation and immunity were verified by qRT-PCR detection. The correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of intestinal Firmicutes and Proteobacteria was significantly associated with the high local expression of miR-203/, miR-129/, and miR-205/. These findings will help to elucidate the molecular regulation mechanism of the intestinal microflora, inflammation, and immune response-mediated miRNA-target gene axis in cyprinid fish.
Topics: Animals; Goldfish; Carps; Rahnella; NF-kappa B; Multiomics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Inflammation; Enteritis; Transforming Growth Factor beta; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 38426108
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335602 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Prolonged fasting is an intervention approach with potential benefits for individuals with obesity or metabolic disorders. Changes in gut microbiota during and after...
INTRODUCTION
Prolonged fasting is an intervention approach with potential benefits for individuals with obesity or metabolic disorders. Changes in gut microbiota during and after fasting may also have significant effects on the human body.
METHODS
Here we conducted a 7-days medically supervised water-only fasting for 46 obese volunteers and characterized their gut microbiota based on whole-metagenome sequencing of feces at five timepoints.
RESULTS
Substantial changes in the gut microbial diversity and composition were observed during fasting, with rapid restoration after fasting. The ecological pattern of the microbiota was also reassembled during fasting, reflecting the reduced metabolic capacity of diet-derived carbohydrates, while other metabolic abilities such as degradation of glycoproteins, amino acids, lipids, and organic acid metabolism, were enhanced. We identified a group of species that responded significantly to fasting, including 130 fasting-resistant (consisting of a variety of members of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria) and 140 fasting-sensitive bacteria (mainly consisting of Firmicutes members). Functional comparison of the fasting-responded bacteria untangled the associations of taxon-specific functions (e.g., pentose phosphate pathway modules, glycosaminoglycan degradation, and folate biosynthesis) with fasting. Furthermore, we found that the serum and urine metabolomes of individuals were also substantially changed across the fasting procedure, and particularly, these changes were largely affected by the fasting-responded bacteria in the gut microbiota.
DISCUSSION
Overall, our findings delineated the patterns of gut microbiota alterations under prolonged fasting, which will boost future mechanistic and clinical intervention studies.
PubMed: 37854337
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1265425 -
Molecular Oncology May 2024The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased worldwide, and early diagnosis is crucial to reduce mortality rates. Therefore, new noninvasive biomarkers for CRC...
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased worldwide, and early diagnosis is crucial to reduce mortality rates. Therefore, new noninvasive biomarkers for CRC are required. Recent studies have revealed an imbalance in the oral and gut microbiomes of patients with CRC, as well as impaired gut vascular barrier function. In the present study, the microbiomes of saliva, crevicular fluid, feces, and non-neoplastic and tumor intestinal tissue samples of 93 CRC patients and 30 healthy individuals without digestive disorders (non-CRC) were analyzed by 16S rRNA metabarcoding procedures. The data revealed that Parvimonas, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides fragilis were significantly over-represented in stool samples of CRC patients, whereas Faecalibacterium and Blautia were significantly over-abundant in the non-CRC group. Moreover, the tumor samples were enriched in well-known periodontal anaerobes, including Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella. Co-occurrence patterns of these oral microorganisms were observed in the subgingival pocket and in the tumor tissues of CRC patients, where they also correlated with other gut microbes, such as Hungatella. This study provides new evidence that oral pathobionts, normally located in subgingival pockets, can migrate to the colon and probably aggregate with aerobic bacteria, forming synergistic consortia. Furthermore, we suggest that the group composed of Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium could be used to design an excellent noninvasive fecal test for the early diagnosis of CRC. The combination of these four genera would significantly improve the reliability of a discriminatory test with respect to others that use a single species as a unique CRC biomarker.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Fusobacterium; Male; Female; Bacteroides; Middle Aged; Feces; Biomarkers, Tumor; Faecalibacterium; Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Saliva; Adult
PubMed: 38366793
DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13604 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, remain a leading cause of death globally. Emerging evidence suggests the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in...
INTRODUCTION
Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, remain a leading cause of death globally. Emerging evidence suggests the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in cardiovascular health. This study aims to explore the impact of gut microbiota on myocardial infarction using a mouse model.
METHODS
The research utilizes a multi-omics approach, including 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS-based metabolomics to analyze fecal and serum samples from mice modeled to mimic myocardial infarction. This methodology allows for a comprehensive analysis of microbial populations and their metabolic output.
RESULTS
The findings reveal a significant reduction in gut microbiota α-diversity in mice with induced myocardial infarction compared to healthy controls. Notably, there is an increase in populations of Fusobacteria and Clostridia. Metabolomic analysis indicates disruptions in amino acid and energy metabolism, suggesting a metabolic dysregulation linked to myocardial health.
DISCUSSION
The study proposes a novel microbiota-metabolite-myocardium axis, where specific microbial metabolites may directly affect heart health. This connection points to the gut microbiota as a potential player in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction and may open new therapeutic avenues targeting the gut microbiome to combat cardiovascular diseases.
PubMed: 38784809
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1389311 -
PeerJ 2023The gut microbiota promotes host health by maintaining homeostasis and enhancing digestive efficiency. The gut microflora in wild birds affects host physiological...
The gut microbiota promotes host health by maintaining homeostasis and enhancing digestive efficiency. The gut microflora in wild birds affects host physiological characteristics, nutritional status, and stress response. The relict gull ( a Chinese national first-class protected species) and the black-necked grebe (, a secondary protected species) bred in the Ordos Relic Gull National Nature Reserve share similar feeding habits and living environments but are distantly related genetically. To explore the composition and differences in the gut microbiota of these two key protected avian species in Erdos Relic Gull National Nature Reserve and provide a basis for their protection, 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was performed and the gut microbial diversity and composition of the relict gull () and black-necked grebe () was characterized. In total, 445 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were identified and classified into 15 phyla, 22 classes, 64 orders, 126 families, and 249 genera. Alpha diversity analysis indicates that the gut microbial richness of the relict gull is significantly lower than that of the black-necked grebe. Gut microbe composition differs significantly between the two species. The most abundant bacterial phyla in these samples were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The prominent phylum in the relict gull was Proteobacteria, whereas the prominent phylum in the black-necked grebe was Firmicutes. The average relative abundance of the 17 genera identified was greater than 1%. The dominant genus in the relict gull was , whereas was dominant in the black-necked grebe. Microbial functional analyses indicate that environmental factors exert a greater impact on relict gulls than on black-necked grebes. Compared with the relict gull, the black-necked grebe was able to use food more efficiently to accumulate its nutrient requirements, and the gut of the relict gull harbored more pathogenic bacteria, which may be one reason for the decline in the relict gull population, rendering it an endangered species. This analysis of the gut microbial composition of these two wild avian species in the same breeding grounds is of great significance, offers important guidance for the protection of these two birds, especially relict gulls, and provides a basis for understanding the propagation of related diseases.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacteroidetes; Charadriiformes; China; Firmicutes; Proteobacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 37456862
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15462 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023The objective of this study was to compare the effects of hay and alfalfa hay as the roughage on the rumen bacterial and the meat metabolomics in lambs.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of hay and alfalfa hay as the roughage on the rumen bacterial and the meat metabolomics in lambs.
METHODS
Fourteen male lambs were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments (one group was fed with concentrate and hay; another was fed with concentrate and alfalfa hay) with seven replicates per treatment. The feeding experiment lasted for 60 days. Lambs were slaughtered at the end of the feeding experiment. Growth performance, carcass performance, and weights of various viscera were determined. The longissimus dorsi and rumen contents were collected for untargeted metabolomics and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing analysis, respectively.
RESULTS
The lambs fed with alfalfa hay showed a significantly increased in average daily gain, carcass weight, dressing percentage, loin-eye area, and kidney weight. Feeding hay and alfalfa hay diets resulted in different meat metabolite deposition and rumen bacterial communities in the lambs. The relative abundance of phyla , , and were greater in the hay group, while, the relative abundance of , , , and were greater in the alfalfa hay group. Based on untargeted metabolomics, the main altered metabolic pathways included alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism. Several bacteria genera including , , , , and were significantly correlated with growth performance and meat metabolites.
CONCLUSION
Alfalfa hay improved growth performance and carcass characteristics in lambs. hay and alfalfa hay caused different meat metabolite deposition by modifying the rumen bacterial community. These findings will be beneficial to future forage utilization for sheep growth, carcass performance, and meat quality improvement.
PubMed: 38033638
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1256903 -
Cells Apr 2024Gynecological and obstetric infectious diseases are crucial to women's health. There is growing evidence that links the presence of (), an anaerobic oral commensal and... (Review)
Review
Gynecological and obstetric infectious diseases are crucial to women's health. There is growing evidence that links the presence of (), an anaerobic oral commensal and potential periodontal pathogen, to the development and progression of various human diseases, including cancers. While the role of this opportunistic oral pathogen has been extensively studied in colorectal cancer in recent years, research on its epidemiological evidence and mechanistic link to gynecological diseases (GDs) is still ongoing. Thus, the present review, which is the first of its kind, aims to undertake a comprehensive and critical reappraisal of , including the genetics and mechanistic role in promoting adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and various GDs, including cancers. Additionally, this review discusses new conceptual advances that link the immunomodulatory role of to the development and progression of breast, ovarian, endometrial, and cervical carcinomas through the activation of various direct and indirect signaling pathways. However, further studies are needed to explore and elucidate the highly dynamic process of host- interactions and discover new pathways, which will pave the way for the development of better preventive and therapeutic strategies against this pathobiont.
Topics: Humans; Female; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Fusobacterium Infections; Genital Diseases, Female; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38667331
DOI: 10.3390/cells13080717 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2024To assess the efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica extract in alleviating halitosis and reducing the inflammatory response to halitosis-related bacteria. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica extract in alleviating halitosis and reducing the inflammatory response to halitosis-related bacteria.
METHODOLOGY
This investigation, using Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract (PE), involved four aspects. First, we evaluated the effect on growth and aggregation of halitosis-related bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Solobacterium moorei, using a microdilution assay and scanning electron microscopy. Second, volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels were measured on individuals with halitosis in randomized short-term (26 participants) and double-blind randomized long-term trials (18 participants in each group) after rinsing with PE for 3, 6, and 12 h, and 28 days. Third, we analyzed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in TR146 cells using quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Lastly, we assessed pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 mRNA expression via the same experimental methods in a three-dimensional oral mucosal epithelial model (3D OMEM).
RESULTS
PE extract dose-dependently inhibited the growth of F. nucleatum (50% inhibition concentration [IC50]=0.079%), P. gingivalis (IC50=0.65%), and S. moorei (IC50=0.07%) and effectively prevented bacterial aggregation. Furthermore, VSC contents decreased significantly at 3, 6, and 12 h after rinsing with 5% PE compared with those in the control. Long-term use of mouthwash containing 5% PE for 28 days led to a significant decrease in VSC contents. PE attenuated the F. nucleatum- or P. gingivalis-stimulated mRNA expression and protein release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in TR146 cells. It also suppressed IL-8 and prostaglandin E2 secretion and TLR2 mRNA expression in F. nucleatum-induced OMEMs.
CONCLUSION
Our findings support the use of PE in oral care products to alleviate halitosis and it may reduce inflammation.
Topics: Phyllanthus emblica; Halitosis; Humans; Plant Extracts; Double-Blind Method; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Cytokines; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Time Factors; Male; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Treatment Outcome; Adult; Young Adult; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Fruit; Statistics, Nonparametric; Mouth Mucosa; Analysis of Variance; Sulfur Compounds
PubMed: 38922243
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0047