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Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of... Jul 2023Morus alba is a fast-growing shrub or medium-sized tree with a straight, cylindrical trunk. Medicinally, whole plants, leaves, fruits, branches, and roots have been... (Review)
Review
Morus alba is a fast-growing shrub or medium-sized tree with a straight, cylindrical trunk. Medicinally, whole plants, leaves, fruits, branches, and roots have been employed. Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to search for relevant material on the phytochemical components and pharmacologic and mechanism of action of the Morus alba. This was reviewed to assess important updates about Morus alba. The fruits of Morus alba have traditionally been used as an analgesic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, anti-rheumatic, diuretic, hypotensive, hypoglycemia, purgative, restorative, sedative tonic, and blood stimulant. Various plant parts were used as a cooling, sedating, diuretic, tonic, and astringent agent to treat nerve disorders. The plant contained tannins, steroids, phytosterols, sitosterol, glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids, as well as saponins, triterpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, benzofuran derivatives, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, glycosides, vitamins, and minerals. Previous pharmacological research identified antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunological, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiovascular, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, dermatological, neurological, muscular, and protecting effects. This study looked at Morus alba's traditional uses, chemical components, and pharmacological effects.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Plant Extracts; Alkaloids; Phytochemicals; Anti-Infective Agents; Caffeine
PubMed: 36877269
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02434-4 -
Pharmaceutical Biology Dec 2023Sieb. et Zucc (Polygonaceae), the root of which is included in the Chinese Pharmcopoeia under the name 'Huzhang', has a long history as a medicinal plant and vegetable.... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Sieb. et Zucc (Polygonaceae), the root of which is included in the Chinese Pharmcopoeia under the name 'Huzhang', has a long history as a medicinal plant and vegetable. has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of inflammation, hyperlipemia, etc.
OBJECTIVE
This article reviews the pharmacological action and the clinical applications of and its extracts, whether or . We also summarized the main phytochemical constituents and pharmacokinetics of and its extracts.
METHODS
The data were retrieved from major medical databases, such as CNKI, PubMed, and SinoMed, from 2014 to 2022. , pharmacology, toxicity, clinical application, and pharmacokinetics were used as keywords.
RESULTS
The rhizomes, leaves, and flowers of have different phytochemical constituents. The plant contains flavonoids, anthraquinones, and stilbenes. and the extracts have anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, anticancer, heart protection, and other pharmacological effects. It is used in the clinics to treat dizziness, headaches, traumatic injuries, and water and fire burns.
CONCLUSIONS
has the potential to treat many diseases, such as arthritis, ulcerative colitis, asthma, and cardiac hypertrophy. It has a broad range of medicinal applications, but mainly focused on root medication; its aerial parts should receive more attention. Pharmacokinetics also need to be further investigated.
Topics: Fallopia japonica; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Phytochemicals; Polygonum
PubMed: 36620922
DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2158349 -
The Plant Cell Aug 2023Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to coordinate their growth and stress responses via integrating various phytohormone signaling pathways. However, the...
Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to coordinate their growth and stress responses via integrating various phytohormone signaling pathways. However, the precise molecular mechanisms orchestrating integration of the phytohormone signaling pathways remain largely obscure. In this study, we found that the rice (Oryza sativa) short internodes1 (shi1) mutant exhibits typical auxin-deficient root development and gravitropic response, brassinosteroid (BR)-deficient plant architecture and grain size as well as enhanced abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated drought tolerance. Additionally, we found that the shi1 mutant is also hyposensitive to auxin and BR treatment but hypersensitive to ABA. Further, we showed that OsSHI1 promotes the biosynthesis of auxin and BR by activating the expression of OsYUCCAs and D11, meanwhile dampens ABA signaling by inducing the expression of OsNAC2, which encodes a repressor of ABA signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 3 classes of transcription factors, AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 19 (OsARF19), LEAF AND TILLER ANGLE INCREASED CONTROLLER (LIC), and OsZIP26 and OsZIP86, directly bind to the promoter of OsSHI1 and regulate its expression in response to auxin, BR, and ABA, respectively. Collectively, our results unravel an OsSHI1-centered transcriptional regulatory hub that orchestrates the integration and self-feedback regulation of multiple phytohormone signaling pathways to coordinate plant growth and stress adaptation.
Topics: Plant Growth Regulators; Oryza; Plant Proteins; Abscisic Acid; Indoleacetic Acids; Brassinosteroids; Hormones; Growth and Development; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 37195873
DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad130 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024Phytochemicals are bioactive plant compounds that provide humans with health benefits, representing a valuable source of novel bioactive molecules [...].
Phytochemicals are bioactive plant compounds that provide humans with health benefits, representing a valuable source of novel bioactive molecules [...].
PubMed: 38337865
DOI: 10.3390/plants13030331 -
Molecular Plant Feb 2024The growth-promoting hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) and their key signaling component BZR1 play a vital role in balancing normal growth and defense reactions. Here, we...
The growth-promoting hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) and their key signaling component BZR1 play a vital role in balancing normal growth and defense reactions. Here, we discovered that BRs and OsBZR1 upregulated sakuranetin accumulation and conferred basal defense against Magnaporthe oryzae infection under normal conditions. Resource shortages, including phosphate (Pi) deficiency, potentially disrupt this growth-defense balance. OsSPX1 and OsSPX2 have been reported to sense Pi concentration and interact with the Pi signal mediator OsPHR2, thus regulating Pi starvation responses. In this study, we discovered that OsSPX1/2 interacts with OsBZR1 in both Pi-sufficient and Pi-deficient conditions, inhibiting BR-responsive genes. When Pi is sufficient, OsSPX1/2 is captured by OsPHR2, enabling most of OsBZR1 to promote plant growth and maintain basal resistance. In response to Pi starvation, more OsSPX1/2 is released from OsPHR2 to inhibit OsBZR1 activity, resulting in slower growth. Collectively, our study reveals that the OsBZR1-SPX1/2 module balances the plant growth-immunity trade-off in response to Pi availability.
Topics: Plant Proteins; Oryza; Phosphates; Brassinosteroids; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 38069474
DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.003 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions worldwide, with the two most prevalent being Alzheimer's and Parkinson disease [...].
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions worldwide, with the two most prevalent being Alzheimer's and Parkinson disease [...].
Topics: Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Animals; Alzheimer Disease; Parkinson Disease; Phytochemicals; Neuroprotective Agents
PubMed: 38732171
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094951 -
Nutrients Nov 2023Chronic diseases, also known as noncommunicable diseases (NCD), are characterized by long durations and a slow progression of the associated medical conditions [...].
Chronic diseases, also known as noncommunicable diseases (NCD), are characterized by long durations and a slow progression of the associated medical conditions [...].
Topics: Humans; Risk Factors; Chronic Disease; Delivery of Health Care; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 38068791
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234933 -
Nature Chemical Biology Nov 2023
Topics: Brassinosteroids; Plant Growth Regulators; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 37365404
DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01367-6 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Withaferin A (WA) and celastrol (CEL) are major bioactive components of plants that have been widely employed in traditional medicine. The pleiotropic activities of... (Review)
Review
Withaferin A (WA) and celastrol (CEL) are major bioactive components of plants that have been widely employed in traditional medicine. The pleiotropic activities of plant preparations and the isolated compounds in vitro and in vivo have been documented in hundreds of studies. Both WA and CEL were shown to have anticancer activity. Although WA and CEL belong to different chemical classes, our synthesis of the available information suggests that the compounds share basic mechanisms of action. Both WA and CEL bind covalently to numerous proteins, causing the partial unfolding of some of these proteins and of many bystander proteins. The resulting proteotoxic stress, when excessive, leads to cell death. Both WA and CEL trigger the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) which, if the proteotoxic stress persists, results in apoptosis mediated by the PERK/eIF-2/ATF4/CHOP pathway or another UPR-dependent pathway. Other mechanisms of cell death may play contributory or even dominant roles depending on cell type. As shown in a proteomic study with WA, the compounds appear to function largely as electrophilic reactants, indiscriminately modifying reachable nucleophilic amino acid side chains of proteins. However, a remarkable degree of target specificity is imparted by the cellular context.
Topics: Proteostasis; Proteomics; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Withanolides
PubMed: 38203539
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010367 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Inflammation is currently the most investigated cell response, not only for the frequency with which it occurs but essentially due to the growing incidence of...
Inflammation is currently the most investigated cell response, not only for the frequency with which it occurs but essentially due to the growing incidence of inflammatory diseases, increasingly labeled as characteristics of modern society [...].
Topics: Humans; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Inflammation; Plant Extracts; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 38139272
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417443