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The New Phytologist Oct 2023Bacteria colonize plant roots and engage in reciprocal interactions with their hosts. However, the contribution of individual taxa or groups of bacteria to plant...
Bacteria colonize plant roots and engage in reciprocal interactions with their hosts. However, the contribution of individual taxa or groups of bacteria to plant nutrition and fitness is not well characterized due to a lack of in situ evidence of bacterial activity. To address this knowledge gap, we developed an analytical approach that combines the identification and localization of individual bacteria on root surfaces via gold-based in situ hybridization with correlative NanoSIMS imaging of incorporated stable isotopes, indicative of metabolic activity. We incubated Kosakonia strain DS-1-associated, gnotobiotically grown rice plants with N-N gas to detect in situ N fixation activity. Bacterial cells along the rhizoplane showed heterogeneous patterns of N enrichment, ranging from the natural isotope abundance levels up to 12.07 at% N (average and median of 3.36 and 2.85 at% N, respectively, n = 697 cells). The presented correlative optical and chemical imaging analysis is applicable to a broad range of studies investigating plant-microbe interactions. For example, it enables verification of the in situ metabolic activity of host-associated commercialized strains or plant growth-promoting bacteria, thereby disentangling their role in plant nutrition. Such data facilitate the design of plant-microbe combinations for improvement of crop management.
Topics: Rhizosphere; Bacteria; In Situ Hybridization; Plants; Oryza; Plant Roots; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 37381111
DOI: 10.1111/nph.19112 -
PloS One 2023The credibility and wide usability of nutrition fact labels (NFLs) have increased due to the pandemic, which may lead to healthier nutritional choices. This...
Nutrition fact label (NFL) use is related to meeting the requirements for vitamins and minerals not listed on NFLs: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey VIII (2019-2021) for the prepandemic and pandemic periods.
The credibility and wide usability of nutrition fact labels (NFLs) have increased due to the pandemic, which may lead to healthier nutritional choices. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between NFL use and meeting the estimated average requirements (EARs) for vitamins and minerals not listed on NFLs during the prepandemic (2019, n = 6606) and pandemic periods (2020 and 2021, n = 12085) using KNHANES data. Household surveys, health behavior interviews, and health checkup examinations were conducted for all participants. Subjects were included in the unAware+noUse, Aware+noUse, and Aware+Use groups according to NFL usage, and nutritional intake was analyzed by the 24-hour recall method. Complex-sample multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for meeting the EARs according to NFL usage in the crude and adjusted (including metabolic conditions) models. The primary finding was that awareness and NFL use were associated with adequate intake above the EARs for vitamin A, vitamin B2, niacin, folate, Ca, Fe, and P; this association was more evident during the pandemic. After adjusting for covariates, during the pandemic, the ORs of meeting the EARs in the Aware+noUse group and Aware+Use group were 1.25 (CI 1.06-1.47) and 1.36 (CI 1.05-1.75) for vitamin A, 1.26 (CI 1.06-1.50) and 1.54 (CI 1.19-2.00) for vitamin B2, 1.32 (CI 1.13-1.56) and 1.46 (CI 1.15-1.85) for folate, and 1.46 (CI 1.06-2.00) and 1.73 (1.09-2.75) for P, respectively. Additionally, the ORs for niacin (1.21, 1.02-1.43) and Fe (1.29, 1.08-1.54) were significant in the Aware+noUse group, and that for Ca (1.39, 1.08-1.78) was significant in the Aware+Use group (all p <0.05). In conclusion, NFL awareness and use are associated with meeting the EARs for vitamins and minerals not listed on NFLs. For future recurring health crises, effective NFL use is necessary for healthy dietary practices.
Topics: Humans; Vitamins; Vitamin A; Niacin; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pandemics; Minerals; Vitamin K; Folic Acid; Nutrition Surveys; Riboflavin; Republic of Korea
PubMed: 38153947
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296268 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024This study aims to evaluate the safety of MK-7 produced by fermentation process using a Bacillus subtilis var. natto strain for human ingestion via acute oral toxicity,...
This study aims to evaluate the safety of MK-7 produced by fermentation process using a Bacillus subtilis var. natto strain for human ingestion via acute oral toxicity, repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity, 28-day recovery test, and genotoxicity tests. The acute oral toxicity test results indicated that all subjects survived at the dose of 5000 mg/kg with no toxic effects. For the repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity test, MK-7 was administered to rats at 500, 1500, and 4500 mg/kg for 90 d. No abnormal findings were detected in clinical observations or in clinical pathological and histopathological examinations. The no-observed-adverse-effect level(NOAEL) was determined to be 4500 mg/kg/d, the maximum dose tested. For the evaluation of genotoxicity, reverse mutation, chromosomal aberration, and micronucleus tests were performed. In the reversion mutation test, vitamin K2 did not induce reversion in bacterial strains, and no chromosomal abnormality was observed in the chromosomal abnormality test using Chinese hamster lung cells. In the micronucleus test, micronuclei were not induced using ICR mouse bone marrow cells. All the toxicity test results suggest that vitamin K2 produced by fermentation processes using Bacillus subtilis var. natto induced no toxicological changes under the experimental conditions.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Cricetinae; Animals; Rats; Mice, Inbred ICR; Vitamin K 2; Chromosome Aberrations; Mutation; Bacillus subtilis; Cricetulus
PubMed: 38443482
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56151-w -
BMJ Open Jan 2024The objective of the current study is to compare the treatment effects of different vitamins on essential hypertension to provide an initial basis for developing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
The objective of the current study is to compare the treatment effects of different vitamins on essential hypertension to provide an initial basis for developing evidence-based practices.
DESIGN
Systematic review and network meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched from their inception to 25 September 2023.
OUTCOMES
The primary outcomes were the difference between the intervention group and the control group in changes in office systolic blood pressure (SBP) and office diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from baseline. The secondary outcomes were the difference between the intervention group and the control group in changes in 24-hour mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure (24 hours SBP), 24-hour mean ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (24 hours DBP) and heart rate (HR) from baseline.
RESULTS
A total of 23 studies comparing five vitamins (vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, folic acid) and involving 2218 participants were included. The included trials were all vitamin versus placebo, so the network was star-shaped. Among the five vitamins, only vitamin E was significantly more effective at reducing SBP (mean difference: -14.14 mm Hg, 95% credible intervals: -27.62 to -0.88) than placebo. In addition, no evidence was found that any of the five vitamins influenced DBP, 24 hours SBP, 24 hours DBP, or HR. The dose of vitamins, geographical region and percentage of males (only SBP) might be sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis revealed that the effect of vitamin intervention on blood pressure varies according to different doses of vitamins.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results, vitamin E might be an effective measure to reduce SBP, but more research is needed to validate this finding.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022352332.
Topics: Adult; Male; Humans; Vitamin D; Ascorbic Acid; Hypertension; Folic Acid; Riboflavin; Vitamin E; Network Meta-Analysis; Vitamins; Essential Hypertension; Blood Pressure; Vitamin A; Vitamin K
PubMed: 38296289
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074511 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Mastitis, the inflammatory condition of mammary glands, has been closely associated with immune suppression and imbalances between antioxidants and free radicals in... (Review)
Review
Mastitis, the inflammatory condition of mammary glands, has been closely associated with immune suppression and imbalances between antioxidants and free radicals in cattle. During the periparturient period, dairy cows experience negative energy balance (NEB) due to metabolic stress, leading to elevated oxidative stress and compromised immunity. The resulting abnormal regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), along with increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) are the key factors associated with suppressed immunity thereby increases susceptibility of dairy cattle to infections, including mastitis. Metabolic diseases such as ketosis and hypocalcemia indirectly contribute to mastitis vulnerability, exacerbated by compromised immune function and exposure to physical injuries. Oxidative stress, arising from disrupted balance between ROS generation and antioxidant availability during pregnancy and calving, further contributes to mastitis susceptibility. Metabolic stress, marked by excessive lipid mobilization, exacerbates immune depression and oxidative stress. These factors collectively compromise animal health, productive efficiency, and udder health during periparturient phases. Numerous studies have investigated nutrition-based strategies to counter these challenges. Specifically, amino acids, trace minerals, and vitamins have emerged as crucial contributors to udder health. This review comprehensively examines their roles in promoting udder health during the periparturient phase. Trace minerals like copper, selenium, and calcium, as well as vitamins; have demonstrated significant impacts on immune regulation and antioxidant defense. Vitamin B12 and vitamin E have shown promise in improving metabolic function and reducing oxidative stress followed by enhanced immunity. Additionally, amino acids play a pivotal role in maintaining cellular oxidative balance through their involvement in vital biosynthesis pathways. In conclusion, addressing periparturient mastitis requires a holistic understanding of the interplay between metabolic stress, immune regulation, and oxidative balance. The supplementation of essential amino acids, trace minerals, and vitamins emerges as a promising avenue to enhance udder health and overall productivity during this critical phase. This comprehensive review underscores the potential of nutritional interventions in mitigating periparturient bovine mastitis and lays the foundation for future research in this domain.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Cattle; Animals; Humans; Vitamins; Antioxidants; Trace Elements; Amino Acids; Reactive Oxygen Species; Rumen; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Mastitis; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 38259482
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290044 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, and K) assume a pivotal role in maintaining human homeostasis by virtue of their enzymatic functions. The daily inclusion of these... (Review)
Review
Fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, and K) assume a pivotal role in maintaining human homeostasis by virtue of their enzymatic functions. The daily inclusion of these vitamins is imperative to the upkeep of various physiological processes including vision, bone health, immunity, and protection against oxidative stress. Current research highlights fat-soluble vitamins as potential therapeutics for human diseases, especially cancer. Fat-soluble vitamins exert their therapeutic effects through multiple pathways, including regulation of matrix metalloproteinases' (MMPs) expression and enzymatic activity. As MMPs have been reported to be involved in the pathology of various diseases, such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders, regulating the expression and/or activity of MMPs could be considered as a potent therapeutic strategy. Here, we summarize the properties of fat-soluble vitamins and their potential as promising candidates capable of effectively modulating MMPs through multiple pathways to treat human diseases.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin A; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Vitamins; Vitamin K; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vitamin D; Vitamin E
PubMed: 38069361
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317038 -
Journal of Comparative Effectiveness... Apr 2024To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of seven screening strategies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in China. A discrete event simulation model combining a...
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of seven screening strategies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in China. A discrete event simulation model combining a decision tree and Markov structure was developed to simulate a CHB cohort aged ≥40 years on a lifetime horizon and evaluate the costs and health outcomes (quality-adjusted life years [QALYs] gained) of ultrasonography (US), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II), AFP+US, AFP+PIVKA-II, GAAD (a diagnostic algorithm based on gender and age combined with results of AFP and PIVKA-II) and GAAD+US. Epidemiologic, clinical performance, utility and cost data were obtained from the literature, expert interviews and real-world data. Uncertainties on key parameters were explored through deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (DSA and PSA). Compared with other strategies, GAAD+US detected the most HCC patients at early stage, and GAAD was the screening strategy with the lowest average cost per HCC case diagnosed. Using 3× China's 2022 GDP per capita ($38,233.34) as the threshold, the three strategies of US, GAAD and GAAD+US formed a cost-effectiveness frontier. Screening with US, GAAD, or GAAD+US was associated with costs of $6110.46, $7622.05 and $8636.32, and QALYs of 13.18, 13.48 and 13.52, respectively. The ICER of GAAD over US was $4993.39/QALY and the ICER of GAAD+US over GAAD was $26,691.45/QALY, which was less than 3× GDP per capita. Both DSA and PSA proved the stability of the results. GAAD+US was the most cost-effective strategy for early HCC diagnosis among CHB patients which could be considered as the liver cancer screening scheme for the high-risk population in China.
Topics: Male; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Hepatitis B, Chronic; alpha-Fetoproteins; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Cost-Benefit Analysis; China; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Vitamin K
PubMed: 38415341
DOI: 10.57264/cer-2023-0146 -
Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic... Dec 2023The therapeutic use of oral hypoglycaemic agents in the management of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is without adverse effects; thus, calls for alternative and novel...
PURPOSE
The therapeutic use of oral hypoglycaemic agents in the management of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is without adverse effects; thus, calls for alternative and novel candidates from natural products in medicinal plants.
METHOD
The study explored molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approaches to identify key antidiabetic metabolites from .
RESULTS
Molecular docking results identified four and/or five best compounds against each target enzyme (alpha-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, aldose reductase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B)) implicated in diabetes. The resulting complexes (except against PTP-1B) had higher docking scores above respective standards (acarbose, Diprotin A, ranirestat). The MD simulation results revealed compounds such as benzoic acid (-48.414 kcal/mol) and phytol (-45.112 kcal/mol) as well as chlorogenic acid (-42.978 kcal/mol) and naringenin (-31.292 kcal/mol) had higher binding affinities than the standards [acarbose (-28.248 kcal/mol), ranirestat (-21.042 kcal/mol)] against alpha-glucosidase and aldose reductase, respectively while Diprotin A (-45.112 kcal/mol) and ursolic acid (-18.740 kcal/mol) presented superior binding affinities than the compounds [luteolin (-41.957 kcal/mol and naringenin (-16.518 kcal/mol)] against DPP-IV and PTP-1B respectively.
CONCLUSION
While isoflavone (alpha-glucosidase), xylocaine (DPP-IV), luteolin (aldose reductase,) and chlorogenic acid (PTP-1B) were affirmed as the best inhibitors of respective enzyme targets, luteolin, and chlorogenic acid may be suggested and proposed as probable candidates against T2DM and related retinopathy complication based on their structural stability, compactness and affinity for three (DPP-IV, aldose reductase, and PTP-1B) of the four targets investigated. Further studies are warranted in vitro and in vivo on the antihyperglycaemic effects of these drug candidates.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01249-7.
PubMed: 37969920
DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01249-7 -
Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical... Nov 2023Medik. belongs to Brassicaceae family and is represented by 4 species in Türkiye. Among them, (L.) Medik. is a cosmopolite species and grows naturally throughout...
OBJECTIVES
Medik. belongs to Brassicaceae family and is represented by 4 species in Türkiye. Among them, (L.) Medik. is a cosmopolite species and grows naturally throughout Türkiye. There have been a few studies on the essential oil composition of different parts of the plant, and, as far as we are concerned, the essential oil composition of the plant growing in Türkiye has not been studied previously. Thus, in this study, we isolated and analyzed the essential oil composition of the aerial parts of growing naturally in Ankara, Türkiye.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plant material was collected from Ankara University, Tandoğan Campus, and essential oil of the aerial parts was obtained from hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus for 3 h and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detection and GC-mass spectrometry simultaneously.
RESULTS
The essential oil yield was determined to be 0.2%, and 90.2% of the essential oil composition was identified, corresponding to 21 components. The major components of the oil were determined to be nonacosane (19.6%), phytol (19.3%), pentacosane (13.5%), heptacosane (9.9%), and hexadecanoic acid (9.9%).
CONCLUSION
Phytol was found to be the main component of the essential oil of leaves and aerial parts (16.34% and 13.14, respectively) in a literature study consistent with the results of our study. The essential oil content of other parts of the species, along with species collected from different localities, would be an important contribution to the species and the genus and should be performed in the future.
PubMed: 37933758
DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2022.15098 -
Renal Failure Dec 2024This review aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of apixaban vs. vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients on dialysis. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
This review aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of apixaban vs. vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients on dialysis.
METHODS
All types of studies published on PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science up to 10 September 2023 and comparing outcomes of apixaban vs. VKA in dialysis patients were eligible.
RESULTS
Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and six retrospective studies were included. Apixaban treatment was associated with significantly lower risk of major bleeding (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.77; = 50%) and clinically relevant non-major bleeding (RR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.98, = 9%) compared to VKA. Meta-analysis also showed that the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.85, = 16%) and intracranial bleeding (RR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.84, = 0%) was significantly reduced with apixaban. Meta-analysis showed no difference in the risk of ischemic stroke (RR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.06, 2.69, = 0%), mortality (RR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.74, 2.16, = 94%) and recurrent venous thromboembolism (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.21, = 0%) between the two groups. Subgroup analysis of RCTs showed no difference in bleeding outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Low-quality evidence from a mix of RCTs and retrospective studies shows that apixaban may have better safety and equivalent efficacy as compared to VKA in dialysis patients. Apixaban treatment correlated with significantly reduced risk of major bleeding and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding in observational studies but not in RCTs. The predominance of retrospective data warrants caution in the interpretation of results.
Topics: Humans; Anticoagulants; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Hemorrhage; Pyrazoles; Pyridones; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Renal Dialysis; Vitamin K
PubMed: 38770962
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2024.2349114