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International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024Phosphate (Pi) starvation is a critical factor limiting crop growth, development, and productivity. Rice () R2R3-MYB transcription factors function in the...
Phosphate (Pi) starvation is a critical factor limiting crop growth, development, and productivity. Rice () R2R3-MYB transcription factors function in the transcriptional regulation of plant responses to various abiotic stresses and micronutrient deprivation, but little is known about their roles in Pi starvation signaling and Pi homeostasis. Here, we identified the R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene , which shares high sequence similarity with . expression was induced more strongly by Pi starvation than by other micronutrient deficiencies. Overexpressing in and rice inhibited plant growth and development under Pi-deficient conditions. In addition, the overexpression of in plants exposed to Pi deficiency strongly affected root development, including seminal root, lateral root, and root hair formation. Overexpressing strongly decreased the expression of the rice microRNAs and . By contrast, overexpressing strongly increased the expression of rice (), whose expression is repressed by miR399 during Pi starvation signaling. OsMYB58 functions as a transcriptional repressor of the expression of its target genes, as determined by a transcriptional activity assay. These results demonstrate that OsMYB58 negatively regulates -dependent Pi starvation signaling by enhancing expression.
Topics: Plant Proteins; Transcription Factors; Plants; Phosphates; Homeostasis; Arabidopsis; Plant Development; Micronutrients; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Roots; Oryza
PubMed: 38396886
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042209 -
Plant Communications Nov 2023The bZIP transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) is a master regulator of seed germination and post-germinative growth in response to abscisic acid (ABA),...
The bZIP transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) is a master regulator of seed germination and post-germinative growth in response to abscisic acid (ABA), but the detailed molecular mechanism by which it represses plant growth remains unclear. In this study, we used proximity labeling to map the neighboring proteome of ABI5 and identified FCS-LIKE ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 13 (FLZ13) as a novel ABI5 interaction partner. Phenotypic analysis of flz13 mutants and FLZ13-overexpressing lines demonstrated that FLZ13 acts as a positive regulator of ABA signaling. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that both FLZ13 and ABI5 downregulate the expression of ABA-repressed and growth-related genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and cell wall organization, thereby repressing seed germination and seedling establishment in response to ABA. Further genetic analysis showed that FLZ13 and ABI5 function together to regulate seed germination. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously uncharacterized transcriptional regulatory mechanism by which ABA mediates inhibition of seed germination and seedling establishment.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Germination; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Transcription Factors; Seeds; Signal Transduction; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
PubMed: 37301981
DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100636 -
Genes Aug 2023Plant homeodomain (PHD) transcription factor genes are involved in plant development and in a plant's response to stress. However, there are few reports about this gene...
Plant homeodomain (PHD) transcription factor genes are involved in plant development and in a plant's response to stress. However, there are few reports about this gene family in peppers ( L.). In this study, the pepper inbred line "Zunla-1" was used as the reference genome, and a total of 43 genes were identified, and systematic analysis was performed to study the chromosomal location, evolutionary relationship, gene structure, domains, and upstream cis-regulatory elements of the genes. The fewest genes were located on chromosome 4, while the most were on chromosome 3. Genes with similar gene structures and domains were clustered together. Expression analysis showed that the expression of genes was quite different in different tissues and in response to various stress treatments. The expression of was different in the early stage of flower bud development in the near-isogenic cytoplasmic male-sterile inbred and the maintainer inbred lines. It is speculated that this gene is involved in the development of male sterility in pepper. was significantly upregulated in leaves and roots after heat stress, and it is speculated that plays an important role in tolerating heat stress in pepper; in addition, , , , , , , and were not sensitive to abiotic stress or hormonal factors. This study will provide the basis for further research into the function of genes in plant development and responses to abiotic stresses and hormones.
Topics: Humans; Food; Genes, Homeobox; Piper nigrum; Stress, Physiological; Transcription Factors; Flowers
PubMed: 37761877
DOI: 10.3390/genes14091737 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024In plants, gene regulation underlies organ development and responses to environmental changes [...].
In plants, gene regulation underlies organ development and responses to environmental changes [...].
Topics: Transcription Factors; Plants; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Development
PubMed: 38396689
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042010 -
Journal of Plant Physiology Mar 2024Plant growth is intimately linked to the availability of carbon and energy status. The Target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway is a highly relevant metabolic sensor and... (Review)
Review
Plant growth is intimately linked to the availability of carbon and energy status. The Target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway is a highly relevant metabolic sensor and integrator of plant-assimilated C into development and growth. The cell wall accounts for around a third of the cell biomass, and the investment of C into this structure should be finely tuned for optimal growth. The plant C status plays a significant role in controlling the rate of cell wall synthesis. TOR signaling regulates cell growth and expansion, which are fundamental processes for plant development. The availability of nutrients and energy, sensed and integrated by TOR, influences cell division and elongation, ultimately impacting the synthesis and deposition of cell wall components. The plant cell wall is crucial in environmental adaptation and stress responses. TOR senses and internalizes various environmental cues, such as nutrient availability and stresses. These environmental factors influence TOR activity, which modulates cell wall remodeling to cope with changing conditions. Plant hormones, including auxins, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids, also regulate TOR signaling and cell wall-related processes. The connection between nutrients and cell wall pathways modulated by TOR are discussed.
Topics: TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Sirolimus; Plant Development; Signal Transduction; Plants; Cell Wall
PubMed: 38422631
DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154202 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous signaling molecule that plays an important role in plant ontogenesis and responses to different stresses. The most widespread abiotic... (Review)
Review
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous signaling molecule that plays an important role in plant ontogenesis and responses to different stresses. The most widespread abiotic stress factors limiting significantly plant growth and crop yield are drought, salinity, hypo-, hyperthermia, and an excess of heavy metal (HM) ions. Data on the accumulation of endogenous NO under stress factors and on the alleviation of their negative effects under exogenous NO treatments indicate the perspectives of its practical application to improve stress resistance and plant productivity. This requires fundamental knowledge of the NO metabolism and the mechanisms of its biological action in plants. NO generation occurs in plants by two main alternative mechanisms: oxidative or reductive, in spontaneous or enzymatic reactions. NO participates in plant development by controlling the processes of seed germination, vegetative growth, morphogenesis, flower transition, fruit ripening, and senescence. Under stressful conditions, NO contributes to antioxidant protection, osmotic adjustment, normalization of water balance, regulation of cellular ion homeostasis, maintenance of photosynthetic reactions, and growth processes of plants. NO can exert regulative action by inducing posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins changing the activity of different enzymes or transcriptional factors, modulating the expression of huge amounts of genes, including those related to stress tolerance. This review summarizes the current data concerning molecular mechanisms of NO production and its activity in plants during regulation of their life cycle and adaptation to drought, salinity, temperature stress, and HM ions.
Topics: Nitric Oxide; Plants; Stress, Physiological; Plant Development; Photosynthesis
PubMed: 37511393
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411637 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The precise control of free auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) gradient, which is orchestrated by biosynthesis, conjugation, degradation, hydrolyzation, and transport, is... (Review)
Review
The precise control of free auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) gradient, which is orchestrated by biosynthesis, conjugation, degradation, hydrolyzation, and transport, is critical for all aspects of plant growth and development. Of these, the GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) acyl acid amido synthetase family, pivotal in conjugating IAA with amino acids, has garnered significant interest. Recent advances in understanding GH3-dependent IAA conjugation have positioned GH3 functional elucidation as a hot topic of research. This review aims to consolidate and discuss recent findings on (i) the enzymatic mechanisms driving GH3 activity, (ii) the influence of chemical inhibitor on GH3 function, and (iii) the transcriptional regulation of GH3 and its impact on plant development and stress response. Additionally, we explore the distinct biological functions attributed to IAA-amino acid conjugates.
PubMed: 38140438
DOI: 10.3390/plants12244111 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024The generation of complex plant architectures depends on the interactions among different molecular regulatory networks that control the growth of cells within tissues,... (Review)
Review
The generation of complex plant architectures depends on the interactions among different molecular regulatory networks that control the growth of cells within tissues, ultimately shaping the final morphological features of each structure. The regulatory networks underlying tissue growth and overall plant shapes are composed of intricate webs of transcriptional regulators which synergize or compete to regulate the expression of downstream targets. Transcriptional regulation is intimately linked to phytohormone networks as transcription factors (TFs) might act as effectors or regulators of hormone signaling pathways, further enhancing the capacity and flexibility of molecular networks in shaping plant architectures. Here, we focus on homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) proteins, a class of plant-specific transcriptional regulators, and review their molecular connections with hormonal networks in different developmental contexts. We discuss how HD-ZIP proteins emerge as key regulators of hormone action in plants and further highlight the fundamental role that HD-ZIP/hormone networks play in the control of the body plan and plant growth.
Topics: Leucine Zippers; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Development; Homeodomain Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Transcription Factors; Gene Regulatory Networks; Signal Transduction; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 38891845
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115657 -
Bioengineered Dec 2023This paper reviews the scientific literature on the latest technologies for treating waste by chemical hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis and supporting processes.... (Review)
Review
This paper reviews the scientific literature on the latest technologies for treating waste by chemical hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis and supporting processes. Particular attention is focused on wastes of biological origin, especially high-protein materials and those containing fats and sugars, as valuable components can be extracted from these recyclables to produce plant growth-stimulating compounds and animal feed, chemicals, biofuels or biopolymers. The wastes with the greatest potential were identified and the legislative regulations related to their processing were discussed. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis were compared and their main applications directions and important process parameters were indicated, as well as the need to optimize them in order to increase the efficiency of extraction of valuable components.
Topics: Animals; Hydrolysis; Animal Feed; Biofuels; Plant Development; Technology
PubMed: 37381625
DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2184480 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Aug 2023Land plants depend on oriented cell divisions that specify cell identities and tissue architecture. As such, the initiation and subsequent growth of plant organs... (Review)
Review
Land plants depend on oriented cell divisions that specify cell identities and tissue architecture. As such, the initiation and subsequent growth of plant organs require pathways that integrate diverse systemic signals to inform division orientation. Cell polarity is one solution to this challenge, allowing cells to generate internal asymmetry both spontaneously and in response to extrinsic cues. Here, we provide an update on our understanding of how plasma membrane-associated polarity domains control division orientation in plant cells. These cortical polar domains are flexible protein platforms whose positions, dynamics, and recruited effectors can be modulated by varied signals to control cellular behavior. Several recent reviews have explored the formation and maintenance of polar domains during plant development [1-4], so we focus here on substantial advances in our understanding of polarity-mediated division orientation from the last five years to provide a current snapshot of the field and highlight areas for future exploration.
Topics: Cell Division; Plant Development; Plants; Cell Polarity
PubMed: 37285693
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102383