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Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine Aug 2023Metallic nanoparticles from different natural sources exhibit superior therapeutic options as compared to the conventional methods. species have attracted special... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Metallic nanoparticles from different natural sources exhibit superior therapeutic options as compared to the conventional methods. species have attracted special attention of researchers worldwide due to the presence of bioactive molecules such as flavonoids, biflavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, saponins, tannins and other secondary metabolites that exhibit antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Environment friendly green synthesised silver nanoparticles from species provide viable, safe and efficient treatment against different fungal pathogens.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aims to summarise the literature pertaining to superior antifungal ability of green synthesised silver nanoparticles using plant extracts of spp. in comparison to both aqueous and ethanolic raw plant extracts by electronically collecting articles from databases.
METHODS
The recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis were taken into consideration while preparing this review. The titles and abstracts of the collected data were stored in Endnote20 based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search strategy included literature from established sources like PubMed, Google Scholar and Retrieval System Online using subject descriptors.
RESULTS
The search yielded 60 articles with unique hits. After removal of duplications, 46 articles were identified, 40 were assessed and only seven articles were chosen and included in this review based on our eligibility criteria.
CONCLUSION
The physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical investigations of suggest higher drug potency of nanoparticles synthesised from plant extract against different diseases as compared to aqueous and ethanolic plant extracts. The study holds great promise as the synthesis of nanoparticles involves low energy consumption, minimal technology and least toxic effects.
Topics: Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Selaginellaceae; Silver; Anti-Infective Agents; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 37534437
DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.21 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and antiproliferative activities of extracts. Two flavonoids,...
The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and antiproliferative activities of extracts. Two flavonoids, 3'-O-methylorobol and apigenin 7-sulfate, were isolated from the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of . The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts, as well as their overall antioxidant activities as measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assays, were investigated. The EtOAc extract exhibited significantly greater antioxidant activities in both assays and higher phenol and flavonoid contents than the other extracts. The potential antiproliferative properties of the extracts and isolated compounds were investigated in vitro against the AGS, A549, and HT-29 cancer cell lines and the normal human HEK-293 cell line using the MTT assay. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were used to assess AGS cell apoptosis. At a concentration of 100 µg/mL, the EtOAc extract of reduced AGS cell viability and proliferation by inducing apoptosis through the alteration of gene expression in the apoptotic cascade. These results highlight as a promising source of anticancer compounds.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Plant Extracts; Eclipta; HEK293 Cells; Flavonoids
PubMed: 37959773
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217354 -
Medicine Dec 2023Antimicrobial properties of plants have been investigated by a number of studies worldwide and many of them have been used as therapeutic alternatives because of their...
Antimicrobial properties of plants have been investigated by a number of studies worldwide and many of them have been used as therapeutic alternatives because of their antimicrobial properties. The quest for suitable and affordable alternative in the face of increasing antimicrobial drug resistant has led researchers into exploring the use of plant extract in the treatment of infections. The antibacterial properties of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on selected bacteria were evaluated. Different concentrations of turmeric extract (100, 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/mL) were prepared using 2 solvents namely water and ethanol. The antibacterial activity was tested against Bacillus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at different concentration of the extract using disc diffusion method and ciprofloxacin was the control. The zones of inhibition exhibited by ethanol and aqueous extracts against test organisms ranged from 1 to 10 mm. the ethanolic extracts were more effective than the aqueous extracts exhibiting zones of inhibition ranging from 3 to 10 mm against Bacillus species, 4 to 9 mm against S aureus, and 1 to 7 mm against E coli. There was no inhibitory effect against P aeruginosa. There was significant difference between the ethanol and aqueous extracts (P < .05). This study reveal that Turmeric plant has antibacterial potential against selected organisms and may be of great use of pharmaceutical industries for the development of medicine to cure ailments and control abnormal serum lipid profile.
Topics: Humans; Curcuma; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Plant Extracts; Anti-Infective Agents; Ethanol; Bacteria; Water
PubMed: 38050237
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036492 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Rice bran, a by-product of rice milling, is abundant in bioactive molecules and is highly recognized for its health-promoting properties, particularly in improving...
Rice bran, a by-product of rice milling, is abundant in bioactive molecules and is highly recognized for its health-promoting properties, particularly in improving metabolic conditions. Building on this knowledge, we aimed to optimize the extraction conditions to maximize the functional efficacy of rice bran extract (RBE) and further validate its impact on lipid metabolism. We found that the optimized RBE (ORBE) significantly suppressed high-fat diet-induced weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and hepatosteatosis in mouse models. ORBE treatment not only suppressed lipid uptake in vivo, but also reduced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Importantly, we discovered that ORBE administration resulted in activation of AMPK and inhibition of STAT3, which are both crucial players in lipid metabolism in the liver. Collectively, ORBE potentially offers promise as a dietary intervention strategy against hyperlipidemia and hepatosteatosis. This study underlines the value of optimized extraction conditions in enhancing the functional efficacy of rice bran.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Hyperlipidemias; Diet, High-Fat; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Oryza; Metabolic Diseases; Plant Extracts; Lipids
PubMed: 37630819
DOI: 10.3390/nu15163630 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2023This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from crude extract and fractions from leaves of Eugenia uniflora Linn. The...
This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from crude extract and fractions from leaves of Eugenia uniflora Linn. The crude extract was obtained by turbo extraction and their fractions by partitioning. Chromatographic analysis were performed, and the antioxidant capacity was verified by two methods (DPPH• and ABTS•+). The Minimal Inhibitory/Bactericidal Concentration were conducted against twenty-two bacteria, selecting five strains susceptible to extract/fractions and resistant to the antibiotics tested. Ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were associated with Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF) against multidrug-resistant strains in modulatory and checkerboard tests. The chromatographic data showed gallic acid, ellagic acid, and myricitrin in crude extract, with enrichment in the EAF. The electron transfer activity demonstrated in the antioxidant tests is related to the presence of flavonoids. The Gram-positive strains were more susceptible to EAF, and their action spectra were improved by association, comprising Gram-negative bacilli. Synergisms were observed to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa colistin-resistant. The results demonstrate that the extract and enriched fraction obtained from the leaves of E. uniflora act as a promising natural alternative against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Topics: Plant Extracts; Antioxidants; Eugenia; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Bacteria; Ciprofloxacin; Gentamicins
PubMed: 37585932
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.274084 -
BioMed Research International 2024Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable debilitating disease which attacks the joints and impairs quality of life. is used to treat RA in African traditional...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable debilitating disease which attacks the joints and impairs quality of life. is used to treat RA in African traditional medicine. However, its antiarthritic activity has not been pharmacologically studied. This study, therefore, reports the antiarthritic and antioxidant activities of seed extract and its fractions. The seed extract (ASE) was produced by Soxhlet extraction and partitioned into petroleum ether (ASEP), ethyl acetate (ASEE), and aqueous (ASEA) fractions. The total polyphenolic content, DPPH antioxidant activity, and in vitro arthritic activity using the protein denaturation assay were evaluated for ASE and its fractions. The arthritic activity of the crude extract (ASE) and its most effective fraction (ASEA), in the in vitro assay, were then evaluated against CFA-induced arthritis in rats. The polyphenolic constituent of ASE was estimated to be 13.00 ± 0.00 mg/100 mg of GAE. ASEA contained the highest quantity of polyphenolic constituents (10.76 ± 0.00 mg/100 mg of GAE) among the fractions of the extract. ASE and ASEA produced profound antioxidant activity (IC = 20.17 ± 1.291 and 19.35 ± 0.865, respectively) which were similar to that of ascorbic acid (IC = 17.35 ± 0.500) in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Furthermore, in vitro antiarthritic activity of ASEA was 13.63 and 5.75 times higher than the antiarthritic activity of the crude extract and diclofenac sodium, respectively. In the CFA-induced arthritis assay, both ASE and ASEA significantly ( < 0.001) inhibited cachexia, paw edema, infiltration of inflammatory cells, pannus formation, and synovium damage. These results indicate that seed extract and its fractions possessed significant antiarthritic activity via inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, protein denaturation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and synovium injury due to its constituents such as polyphenols and phytosterols.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Antioxidants; Plant Extracts; Quality of Life; Polyphenols; Arthritis, Rheumatoid
PubMed: 38313833
DOI: 10.1155/2024/8838626 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jan 2024Comfrey root (Symphytum officinale L., Boraginaceae) has been used in folk medicine for a long time to treat different diseases. It is recommended for swellings,...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Comfrey root (Symphytum officinale L., Boraginaceae) has been used in folk medicine for a long time to treat different diseases. It is recommended for swellings, phlebitis, contusions, gastro-duodenal ulcers, respiratory diseases, and metrorrhagia. Currently, preparations from S. officinale are only topically used due to its wound-healing effects, and for reducing inflammation and the treatment of broken bones, tendon damage, painful joints and muscles. Although it is a widespread plant material, little is known about the interaction of externally applied preparations of comfrey with the human skin microbiome.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The study aims to determine the interaction between human skin microbiota and the comfrey root extracts, by monitoring the biotransformation of the constituents present in the extract and evaluating changes in the population of the skin microbiota in an ex vivo setting.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The comfrey root extract was incubated with the human skin microbiota from ten healthy donors. The UHPLC-DAD-MS analysis determined the composition of the raw extract and the microbial metabolites. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and examined by amplification sequencing of the 16S rDNA to determine changes in the bacterial composition.
RESULTS
The hydroethanolic extract of comfrey root primarily consists of phenolic acids, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and their derivatives, and lignans. The natural products present in the extract underwent biodegradation by the skin microbiota, leading to the formation of smaller molecules. It was observed that the skin microbial metabolism primarily focused on modifying the derivatives of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. It resulted in the production of deacetylated and deesterificated compounds. However, it did not lead to the conversion of these compounds into free alkaloids.
CONCLUSIONS
The microbiota-triggered biotransformation of the comfrey root extract was observed. A few N-oxides were metabolized to deacetylated and deesterificated forms in ex vivo conditions. It suggests that the intermittent external applications of comfrey preparations perchance are unlikely to pose a substantial risk. While it even may serve as a potential factor influencing the extract activity in treating skin diseases.
Topics: Humans; Comfrey; Plant Extracts; Biological Products; Skin; Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
PubMed: 37506778
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116968 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Dec 2023Origanum majorana L. is a member of the Lamiaceae family and is commonly used in Egyptian cuisine as a seasoning and flavor enhancer. It is also recognized as a...
Phytochemical analysis of Origanum majorana L. extract and investigation of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects against experimentally induced colitis downregulating Th17 cells.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Origanum majorana L. is a member of the Lamiaceae family and is commonly used in Egyptian cuisine as a seasoning and flavor enhancer. It is also recognized as a well-known traditional medicine in Egypt and is widely used for treating abdominal colic due to its antispasmodic properties. However, the protective effects of Origanum majorana L. against ulcerative colitis and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
AIM OF THE STUDY
This study aimed to identify the biologically active components present in methanol extracts of Origanum majorana L. using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Additionally, it aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of these extracts on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis and elucidate the potential mechanisms involved.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract obtained from Origanum majorana L. Thirty-two male rats were included in the study and divided into four experimental groups, with eight rats in each group: sham, UC, UC + O. majorana, and UC sulfasalazine. After euthanizing the rats, colon tissue samples were collected for gross and microscopic examinations, assessment of oxidative stress, and molecular evaluation. GC-MS analysis identified 15 components in the extracts. Pretreatment with O. majorana L. extract and sulfasalazine significantly improved the disease activity index (DAI) and resulted in notable improvements in macroscopic and microscopic colon findings. Additionally, both treatments demonstrated preventive effects against colonic oxidative damage by reducing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing the levels of the antioxidant systems superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), which operate through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Moreover, these treatments downregulated the colonic inflammatory cascade by inhibiting NFκB, TNFα, IL-1β, IL6, IL23, IL17, COX-2, and iNOS, subsequently leading to downregulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and a decrease in the Th17 cell response. Furthermore, a reduction in the number of apoptotic epithelial cells that expressed caspase-3 was observed.
CONCLUSION
pretreatment with O. majorana L. extract significantly ameliorated acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. This effect could be attributed to the protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties of the extract.
Topics: Rats; Male; Animals; Antioxidants; Colitis, Ulcerative; Sulfasalazine; Origanum; Th17 Cells; Colitis; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Colon; Oils, Volatile; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Glutathione
PubMed: 37348796
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116826 -
Redox Report : Communications in Free... Dec 2024Angelica keiskei is a medicinal and edible plant that has been reported to possess potent antioxidant properties in several in vitro models, but its effectiveness on...
OBJECTIVE
Angelica keiskei is a medicinal and edible plant that has been reported to possess potent antioxidant properties in several in vitro models, but its effectiveness on naturally aging organisms is still lacking. This study explores the antioxidant and health-promoting effects of Angelica keiskei in naturally aging mice.
METHODS
We treated 48-week-old mice with Angelica keiskei water extract (AKWE) 30 days, and measured indicators related to aging and antioxidants. In addition, we conducted network pharmacology analysis, component-target molecular docking, real-time PCR, and MTS assays to investigate relevant factors.
RESULTS
The results indicated that administration of AKWE to mice led to decrease blood glucose levels, improve muscle fiber structure, muscle strength, gait stability, and increase levels of glutathione and superoxide dismutase in serum. Additionally, it decreased pigmentation of the heart tissues. Angelica keiskei combats oxidative stress by regulating multiple redox signaling pathways, and its ingredients Coumarin and Flavonoids have the potential to bind to SIRT3 and SIRT5.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicated the potential of Angelica keiskei as a safe and effective dietary supplement to combat aging and revealed the broad prospects of medicinal and edible plants for addressing aging and age-related chronic diseases.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Antioxidants; Angelica; Molecular Docking Simulation; Dietary Supplements; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 38390941
DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2024.2305036 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2023Averrhoa carambola L. presents in its composition diversity of nutrients and vitamins. The present study aimed to extract water and fat-soluble compounds from this fruit...
Averrhoa carambola L. presents in its composition diversity of nutrients and vitamins. The present study aimed to extract water and fat-soluble compounds from this fruit at different stages of maturation (green and mature), perform the physical-chemical characterization as well as evaluate its cytotoxicity against hepatoma cells of Rattus norvegicus (HTC). The physicochemical results showed that the pH and molar acidity is influenced by the fruit maturation state. The fruit presented high percentage of moisture, while the percentage of total minerals (ash) increased according to its maturation stage. The results of the phytochemical screening showed that star fruits present phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity showed greater potential for the ethanolic extracts of the green and mature star fruit. For HTC cells treated with ethanolic extract of green and mature star fruit the data show absence of cytotoxic effect. The tests with the aqueous extract showed cytotoxic/antiproliferative effect of green and mature star fruit extract, in 24, 48 and 72 hours. The presence of nutraceutical compounds and the cytotoxic/antiproliferative activity were more expressive in the aqueous extract, being an option of easily accessible solvent economic and not harmful to organisms.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Averrhoa; Antioxidants; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins; Fruit; Water; Plant Extracts; Ethanol
PubMed: 37937633
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.276605