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Scientific Reports Jul 2023This study focuses on the efficient and cost-effective synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts, which have versatile and non-toxic applications....
This study focuses on the efficient and cost-effective synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts, which have versatile and non-toxic applications. The research objectives include synthesizing AgNPs from readily available plant extracts, optimizing their production and multi scale characterization, along with exploring their use for enzyme immobilization and mitigation of poultry feather waste. Among the plant extracts tested, the flower extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (HF) showed the most potential for AgNP synthesis. The synthesis of HF-mediated AgNPs was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) for efficient and environment friendly production. Additionally, the keratinase enzyme obtained from Bacillus sp. NCIM 5802 was covalently linked to AgNPs, forming a keratinase nanocomplex (KNC) whose biochemical properties were evaluated. The KNC demonstrated optimal activity at pH 10.0 and 60 °C and it displayed remarkable stability in the presence of various inhibitors, metal ions, surfactants, and detergents. Spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, UV-visible, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were employed to investigate the formation of biogenic HF-AgNPs and KNC, confirming the presence of capping and stabilizing agents. The morphological characteristics of the synthesized AgNPs and KNC were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analysis. The study highlighted the antimicrobial, dye scavenging, and antioxidant properties of biogenic AgNPs and KNC, demonstrating their potential for various applications. Overall, this research showcases the effectiveness of plant extract-driven green synthesis of AgNPs and the successful development of keratinase-laden nanocomplexes, opening possibilities for their use in immobilizing industrial and commercial enzymes.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Silver; Keratins; Feathers; Metal Nanoparticles; X-Ray Diffraction; Plant Extracts; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 37463953
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38721-6 -
Microbial Physiology 2024The current study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts from Lindera glauca twig (LGT) and leaf/stem (LGLS).
INTRODUCTION
The current study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts from Lindera glauca twig (LGT) and leaf/stem (LGLS).
METHODS
The antioxidant activities were measured by total content of polyphenol and flavonoid, DPPH radical scavenging, and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, protein and mRNA expression of major inflammatory factors were analyzed using Western blot analysis and RT-PCR.
RESULTS
The total polyphenol content of LGT and LGLS was 88.45 ± 11.74 and 115.75 ± 7.87 GA mg/g, respectively. The total flavonoid content was 66 ± 2.89 and 74.33 ± 2.89 QE mg/g. Both LGT and LGLS showed high DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activities. Neither LGT nor LGLS was cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory activities were measured by LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. LGT and LGLS showed inhibition of the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 at the protein and mRNA levels, as determined by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. In addition, the release of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 mRNA expression levels of these cytokines was reduced by LGT and LGLS.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that LGT and LGLS extracts have potential for use as a functional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredient in cosmetic industry.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Plant Extracts; Lindera; Antioxidants; Plant Leaves; Nitric Oxide; Macrophages; Flavonoids; Cyclooxygenase 2; Lipopolysaccharides; RAW 264.7 Cells; Polyphenols; Cell Line; Plant Stems; Cell Survival; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
PubMed: 38286118
DOI: 10.1159/000536491 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2023: Thermal skin injuries are a prevalent cause of skin damage, potentially leading to severe morbidity and significant mortality. In this study, we intended to estimate...
Simultaneous Administration of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Antioxidant Supplementation with Extract in the Treatment of Thermal Skin Injuries Alters Nociceptive Signalling and Wound Healing.
: Thermal skin injuries are a prevalent cause of skin damage, potentially leading to severe morbidity and significant mortality. In this study, we intended to estimate the effects of HBO (hyperbaric oxygen treatment) and antioxidant supplementation with extract, individually and simultaneously, in the treatment of thermal skin injuries. : As a thermal skin injury experimental model, we used two-month-old male Wistar albino rats. Thermal injuries were made with a solid aluminium bar at a constant temperature of 75 °C for 15 s. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment was performed in a specially constructed hyperbaric chamber for rats (HYB-C 300) for seven consecutive days (100% O at 2.5 ATA for 60 min). Antioxidant supplementation was performed with oral administration of extract dissolved in tap water to reach a final concentration of 100 mg/kg b.w. for seven consecutive days. Simultaneous administration of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and antioxidant supplementation with extract significantly ameliorated the macroscopic and histopathological characteristics of the wound area and healing. Also, this therapeutic approach decreased the local expression of genes for proinflammatory mediators and increased the expression of the μ-opioid receptor and the MT1 and MT2 receptors in the wound area and spinal cord, with a consequent increase in reaction times in behavioural testing. In conclusion, the presented results of our study allow evidence for the advantages of the simultaneous employment of HBO and antioxidant supplementation in the treatment of thermal skin injuries, with special reference to the attenuation of painful sensations accompanied by this type of trauma.
Topics: Male; Animals; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Antioxidants; Filipendula; Nociception; Wound Healing; Burns; Oxygen; Dietary Supplements; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 37763795
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091676 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023The antioxidant activity of a traditional Thai formula has been studied and compared to each plant. The formula comprised the roots of Rottler, (Roxb.) Benth), Lour,...
The antioxidant activity of a traditional Thai formula has been studied and compared to each plant. The formula comprised the roots of Rottler, (Roxb.) Benth), Lour, Gaerth, Kurz, and Pierre. The stem was also studied in comparison. The ethanolic extract from each plant part and the mixed plants mimicking the traditional formula were prepared and investigated for antioxidant capability in vitro via DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. The phytochemical constituents were determined by chemical screening, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC), and high-performance liquid chromatography. The relationship between antioxidant activity and the contributed phytochemicals was determined using correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that extracts from both parts of the plant formula showed the highest antioxidant activity compared to a single plant extract. Among the six plants, exhibited the highest TPC and antioxidant activity. TPC had a strong positive correlation with antioxidant activity. PCA revealed that gallic acid contributed to the antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the ethanolic extracts of the traditional formula and have the potential for further chemical characterization and study related to antioxidant activity.
Topics: Antioxidants; Ethanol; Flavonoids; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Medicine, Traditional; Thailand; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 37686230
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713425 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023Hyalomma dromedarii is an important tick species infesting livestock. This work evaluated the novel adulticidal, insect growth-regulating, and enzymatic efficacy of...
Hyalomma dromedarii is an important tick species infesting livestock. This work evaluated the novel adulticidal, insect growth-regulating, and enzymatic efficacy of ethanol plant extracts of Aloe vera and Rheum rhabarbarum and their nanoemulsions against males and engorged females of the camel tick, H. dromedarii. The physicochemical properties of nanoemulsions were evaluated. The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyses indicated that the extracts contained polyphenols and flavonoids, which could enhance their acaricidal effect. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) of the nanoemulsions of A. vera and R. rhabarbarum were 196.7 and 291 nm, whereas their zeta potentials were - 29.1 and - 53.1 mV, respectively. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) indicated that nanoemulsions showed a regular spherical shape (less than 100 nm). Fifteen days post-treatment (PT) with 25%, the mortality% of A. vera and R. rhabarbarum were 88.5 and 96.2%, respectively. Five days PT, the median lethal concentration values of A. vera, R. rhabarbarum, and their nanoemulsions were 7.8, 7.1, 2.8, and 1.02%, respectively, and their toxicity indices were 91.02, 100, 36.4, and 100%, respectively. Their median lethal time values PT with 3.5% were 6.09, 5.09, 1.75, and 1.34 days, respectively. Nanoemulsions enhanced the efficacy of the crude extract 1-7 folds, 5 days PT, and accelerated their speed of killing ticks 2-4 times. The total protein and carbohydrates, Acetylcholinesterase, Alpha esterase, and Amylase were affected PT. The reproductive potential of engorged females was adversely impacted. In conclusion, the novel A. vera and R. rhabarbarum extracts were promising acaricides, and their nanoformulations enhanced their efficacies.
Topics: Animals; Female; Male; Ticks; Acaricides; Camelus; Aloe; Rheum; Acetylcholinesterase; Ixodidae; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 37798348
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43776-6 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Oct 2023Citrus sinensis by-products are a promising source of neuroprotective molecules. In this study, a pressurized liquid extract of Citrus by-products (PLE100) has been...
Citrus sinensis by-products are a promising source of neuroprotective molecules. In this study, a pressurized liquid extract of Citrus by-products (PLE100) has been extensively characterized, and its neuroprotective capacity tested in the Caenorhabditis elegans strain CL4176, a validated in vivo model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). More than 450 compounds have been annotated in the extract, being triacylglycerols (TGs), stigmastanes, fatty acids (FAs) and carbohydrates the most abundant. The results demonstrate that worms PLE100-treated are significantly protected in a dose-dependent manner against the Aβ-peptide paralysis toxicity. The RNA-Seq data showed an alteration of 294 genes mainly related to the stress response defense along with genes involved in the lipid transport and metabolism. Moreover, the comprehensive metabolomics study allowed the identification of 818 intracellular metabolites, of which 54 were significantly altered (mainly lipids). The integration of these and previous results provides with new evidences of the protection mechanisms of this promising extract.
Topics: Animals; Citrus sinensis; Alzheimer Disease; Caenorhabditis elegans; Citrus; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 37689893
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113128 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2023Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death in women. is an Indonesian herbal plant that can be used as an anti-cancer. However, herbal medicines have low...
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer is one of the main causes of death in women. is an Indonesian herbal plant that can be used as an anti-cancer. However, herbal medicines have low bioavailability, which affects their bioactivity. Nanoencapsulation can increase bioavailability and stability of bioactive compounds in herbal medicines.
PURPOSE
This recent finding tried to unravel anti-cancer and chemopreventive of nano-encapsulated by Na-alginate.
STUDY DESIGN
bioactive compounds were isolated and characterized using UV-Vis spectrometer, FTIR, NMR and HR-MS. extract was nanoencapsulated using Na-alginate. Anti-cancer effect was assessed by MTT assay towards T47D cell. Meanwhile, a chemopreventive analysis was carried out in breast cancer mice-induced benzo[α]pyrene. The healthy mice were divided into 8 groups comprising control and treatment.
RESULTS
Elucidation of ethyl acetate extract confirmed high catechin content, 89.34% (w/w). Successful nanoencapsulation of () was indicated. The particle size of was 78.40 ± 12.25 nm. Loading efficiency (LE) and loading amount (LA) of were 97.56 ± 0.04% and 32.52 ± 0.01%, respectively. had an EC value of 10.39 ± 3.50 µg/mL, which was more toxic than the EC value of extract towards the T47D cell line. Administration of 200 mg/kg BW to mice induced by benzo[α]pyrene exhibited SOD and GSH levels of 13.69 ng/mL and 455.6 ng/mL. In addition, the lowest TNF-α level was 27.96 ng/mL. A dose of 100 mg/kg BW could best increase CAT levels by 7.18 ng/mL. There was no damage or histological abnormalities found in histological analysis of the breast tissue in the group given 200 mg/kg BW .
Topics: Female; Animals; Mice; Plant Extracts; Benzo(a)pyrene; Plants, Medicinal; Catechin; Alginates; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37555190
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S403385 -
Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2023Balanophora latisepala (BL) is a chlorophyll-free and obligate parasitic plant found across mountainous areas of An Giang, Vietnam. This study was conducted to evaluate...
INTRODUCTION
Balanophora latisepala (BL) is a chlorophyll-free and obligate parasitic plant found across mountainous areas of An Giang, Vietnam. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of extracts from BL, herbs mentioned in many traditional medicines in the treatment of diabetes, on laboratory mice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The effects of BL aqueous, methanol, and ethanol extracts on the blood glucose levels, hematological indices, liver enzymes, and pancreatic tissue structure of normal, glucose-tolerant mice, and diabetic mice treated with streptozotocin (STZ) were assessed. Mice were orally administered extracts at a concentration of 500 mg/kg.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The aqueous and ethanol extracts did not affect the blood glucose levels of healthy and glucose-tolerant mice (P > 0.05). The methanol extract reduced the blood glucose of healthy mice (P < 0.05) but did not affect the blood glucose of glucose-tolerant mice 3 h after administration (P > 0.05). When taking the methanol and ethanol extracts, the diabetic mice experienced a 45.67% and a 40.33% decrease in blood glucose levels after 21 days of research, respectively. Aqueous extract and gliclazide (10 mg/kg) showed no effect on reducing blood glucose levels in diabetic mice over the 21 days of the study. Both methanol and ethanol extracts were effective in regulating liver enzyme levels in diabetic mice. In both untreated and treated diabetic mice, pancreatic islet structures were degraded with the appearance of gaps resulting from β-cell degeneration.
CONCLUSION
This implies that ethanol extracts have potential applications in regulating blood glucose levels.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Blood Glucose; Hypoglycemic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Plant Extracts; Methanol; Glucose; Ethanol; Water; Streptozocin
PubMed: 37737076
DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_253_23 -
PeerJ 2024Many citrus species and cultivars are grown successfully in tropical and subtropical countries, as well as in arid and semi-arid regions with low levels of organic...
Many citrus species and cultivars are grown successfully in tropical and subtropical countries, as well as in arid and semi-arid regions with low levels of organic matter and low cation exchange, resulting in lower nutrient uptake by the plant. The essential nutrients needed for citrus flowering and fruit set are limited in winter due to a reduction in transpiration rate, negatively effecting vegetative growth, flowering, yield, and fruit quality. The present investigation was carried out to assess the nutritional status, fruit yield parameters, and fruit quality of Valencia orange trees after foliar spraying of seaweed extract (SW) combined with calcium chloride and boric acid and their combinations in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 seasons. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot design (three levels spraying seaweed extract × four levels spraying calcium chloride and boric acid and their combinations × four replicates × one tree/replicate). The results indicated that all of the characteristics measured, including leaf chlorophyll, leaf mineral contents, fruit yield parameters, fruit physical properties, and fruit chemical properties, were significantly affected by the foliar spraying of seaweed extract (SW) combined with calcium chloride and boric acid and their combinations. Although all treatments increased the productivity and the physical and chemical properties of Valencia orange fruits compared to the control, a treatment of 10 g/L SW combined with 0.5 g/L boric acid and 1 g/L calcium chloride produced superior results. This ratio of SW, boric acid, and calcium chloride is therefore recommended to enhance productivity and improve the physico-chemical properties of Valencia orange for greater fruit yield.
Topics: Boric Acids; Citrus sinensis; Fruit; Seaweed; Calcium Chloride; Plant Leaves; Plant Extracts; Chlorophyll
PubMed: 38726378
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17378 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2023Infectious diseases are a serious danger to public health, and plants may be a potential source of novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, the antibacterial and...
Infectious diseases are a serious danger to public health, and plants may be a potential source of novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oil, hexane-chloroform, methanolic, and aqueous extracts of Saussurea costus (S. costus) root were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. For this evaluation, disc diffusion and micro- dilution susceptibility assays were performed. Chemical analysis was also performed to determine phytochemical constituents of the extracts. Our results showed that the essential oil and methanolic extract of S. costus root exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by hexane-chloroform extract, with aqueous extract showing the lowest activity. The highest activity with the lowest MIC value was recorded as 3.12 μl/ml for the essential oil (against S. epidermidis and C. albicans), 3.12 mg/ml for the methanolic extract (against S. aureus), and 6.25 mg/ml for both hexane-chloroform and aqueous extracts (against S. aureus). In general, the tested extracts had moderate to good antimicrobial activity against the tested gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans. S. costus root can be considered as a potential natural source of antimicrobial agents to fight pathogen microorganisms.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Saussurea; Hexanes; Staphylococcus aureus; Chloroform; Plant Extracts; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Methanol; Water; Oils, Volatile
PubMed: 37493699
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320230059