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International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024Soybean being a major cash crop provides half of the vegetable oil and a quarter of the plant proteins to the global population. Seed size traits are the most important... (Review)
Review
Soybean being a major cash crop provides half of the vegetable oil and a quarter of the plant proteins to the global population. Seed size traits are the most important agronomic traits determining the soybean yield. These are complex traits governed by polygenes with low heritability as well as are highly influenced by the environment as well as by genotype x environment interactions. Although, extensive efforts have been made to unravel the genetic basis and molecular mechanism of seed size in soybean. But most of these efforts were majorly limited to QTL identification, and only a few genes for seed size were isolated and their molecular mechanism was elucidated. Hence, elucidating the detailed molecular regulatory networks controlling seed size in soybeans has been an important area of research in soybeans from the past decades. This paper describes the current progress of genetic architecture, molecular mechanisms, and regulatory networks for seed sizes of soybeans. Additionally, the main problems and bottlenecks/challenges soybean researchers currently face in seed size research are also discussed. This review summarizes the comprehensive and systematic information to the soybean researchers regarding the molecular understanding of seed size in soybeans and will help future research work on seed size in soybeans.
Topics: Glycine max; Phenotype; Plant Proteins; Plant Oils; Seeds
PubMed: 38338719
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031441 -
PloS One 2023Essential oils from Cinnamomum cassia bark and Eucalyptus globulus leaves have been traditionally applied for bacterial infections, through both of aromatherapy and oral...
Essential oils from Cinnamomum cassia bark and Eucalyptus globulus leaves have been traditionally applied for bacterial infections, through both of aromatherapy and oral application. (E)-cinnamaldehyde and 1,8 cineole have been identified as their major secondary metabolites, and are also generally considered as the main active ingredients responsible for their medicinal applications. However, ethnobotanical doctors still prefer to use whole essentials oils over purified compounds in bacterial infections. We therefore hypothesized that multi-compound extracts might exert better effects than isolated ingredients. In order to verify the hypothesis about advantages of whole materials, we examined antibacterial properties of the 2 plant essential oils in the comparison with their isolated major compounds, such as (E)-cinnamaldehyde and 1,8 cineole. Effects of liquid- and vapor-phase were examined on a set of 6 gram-positive and -negative bacteria, applying broth dilution, agar well diffusion and disc volatilization methods. In all 3 investigations, we observed that whole cinnamon and eucalyptus oils, with the lower concentrations of (E)-cinnamaldehyde (89.1%) and 1,8 cineole (61.2%), were able to induce better effects than the purified active compounds (≥ 99%). These results partly explain the advantages of using whole essential oils over isolated ingredients, and therefore support the application of traditional dosage forms for bacterial infections in ethnomedicine.
Topics: Oils, Volatile; Eucalyptol; Eucalyptus; Cinnamomum aromaticum; Plant Bark; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37450504
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288787 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023The fruits of , and 'Kampot' are traditionally used as spices in Cambodian cuisine. In this study, the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) and supercritical...
The fruits of , and 'Kampot' are traditionally used as spices in Cambodian cuisine. In this study, the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) and supercritical CO extracts from all three species was determined using GC-MS, with two columns of different polarity (HP-5/DB-HeavyWAX). Differences between the chemical profile of the EOs and CO extracts were observed for all species. The greatest difference was detected in EO containing mainly eucalyptol (78.8/72.6%), while the CO extract was rich in fatty acids (13/55.92%) and long-chain alkanes (25.55/9.54%). Furthermore, the results for the CO extract of this species differed, where tricosane (14.74%) and oleic acid (29.26%) were the main compounds identified when utilizing the HP-5 or DB-HeavyWAX columns, respectively. Moreover, the EO and CO extract from 'Kampot' fruits and the CO extract from fruit peel, containing respective amounts 34.84/39.55% (for EO) and 54.21/55.86% (for CO extract) of β-caryophyllene and 30.2/28.9% of β-pinene, were isolated and analyzed for the first time. Generally, these findings suggest that supercritical CO could potentially be used for the extraction of all three spices. Nevertheless, further research determining the most efficient extraction parameters is required before its commercial application.
Topics: Oils, Volatile; Piper nigrum; Carbon Dioxide; Amomum; Citrus; Plant Extracts; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; Plant Oils
PubMed: 38067483
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237748 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Aug 2023Introduction: there is controversy about the usefulness of specific enteral nutrition formulas in malnourished patients with diabetes. The effects on blood glucose and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Glycaemic and insulinaemic impact of a diabetes-specific oral nutritional supplement with extra-virgin olive oil in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at nutritional risk: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, multicentre clinical trial (DIACARE).
Introduction: there is controversy about the usefulness of specific enteral nutrition formulas in malnourished patients with diabetes. The effects on blood glucose and other aspects of metabolic control are not fully understood in the scientific literature. Objective: the aim of the study was to compare the glycaemic and insulinaemic response of patients with type 2 diabetes at risk of malnutrition after oral feed between a diabetes-specific formula with AOVE (DSF) and a standard one (STF). Methods: A randomized, double-blind, crossover, multicentre clinical trial was conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes at risk of malnutrition (SGA). The patients were randomized to receive either DSF or STF, a week apart. A glycaemia and insulinaemia curve was made at times 0 minutes, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, and 180 min after the patients drank 200 ml of the oral nutritional supplement (ONS). The principal variables were the area under the curve (AUC0-t) of glucose and insulin. Results: 29 patients (51 % women) were included, who were on average 68.84 (SD 11.37) years old. Regarding the degree of malnutrition, 86.2 % presented moderate malnutrition (B) and 13.8 % severe (C). When the patients received the DSF, they had a lower mean of glucose AUC0-t (-3,325.34 mg/min/dl [95 % CI: -4,3608.34 to -2,290.07]; p = 0.016) and also a lower mean of insulin AUC0-t (-451.14 uU/min/ml [95 % CI: -875,10 to -27.17]; p = 0.038). There were no differences in the degree of malnutrition. Conclusion: compared with STF, DSF with AOVE showed a better glycaemic and insulinaemic response in patients with type 2 diabetes at risk of malnutrition.
Topics: Humans; Female; Child; Male; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Olive Oil; Blood Glucose; Insulin; Malnutrition; Cross-Over Studies
PubMed: 37409714
DOI: 10.20960/nh.04577 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2023High photosynthetic efficiency is the basis of high biomass and high harvest index in castor (Ricinus communis L.). Understanding the genetic law of photosynthetic...
High photosynthetic efficiency is the basis of high biomass and high harvest index in castor (Ricinus communis L.). Understanding the genetic law of photosynthetic traits will facilitate the breeding for high photosynthetic efficiency. In this study, the dynamic QTL mapping was performed with the populations F and BC derived from 2 parents with significant difference in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) at 3 stages, in order to reveal the genetic structure of photosynthetic traits. In F population, 26 single-locus QTLs were identified, including 3/3/1 (the QTL number at stage I/II/III, the same below), 1/2/0, 1/2/2, 1/3/1, 0/1/1, and 1/1/2 QTLs conferring Pn, water use efficiency (Wue), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO concentration (Ci) and chlorophyll content (Cc), with a phenotypic variation explained (PVE) of 8.40%/8.91%/6.17%, 5.36%/31.74%/0, 7.31%/12.80%/15.15%, 1.60%/6.44%/0.02%, 0/1.10%/0.70% and 2.77%/3.96%/6.50% respectively. And 53 epistatic QTLs (31 pairs) were identified, including 2/2/5, 5/6/3, 4/4/2, 6/3/2, 3/2/0 and 4/0/0 ones conferring the above 6 traits, with a PVE of 6.52%/6.47%/19.04%, 16.72%/15.67%/14.12%, 18.57%/15.58%/7.34%, 21.72%/8.52%/7.13%, 13.33%/4.94%/0 and 7.84%/0/0 respectively. The QTL mapping results in BC population were consistent with those in F population, except fewer QTLs detected. Most QTLs identified were minor-effect ones, only a few were main-effect ones (PVE > 10%), focused on 2 traits, Wue and Tr, such as qWue1.1, qWue1.2, FqTr1.1, FqTr6, BqWue1.1 and BqTr3; The epistatic effects, especially those related to the dominance effects were the main genetic component of photosynthetic traits, and all the epistatic QTLs had no single-locus effects except qPn1.2, FqGs1.2, FqCi1.2 and qCc3.2; The detected QTLs underlying each trait varied at different stages except stable QTLs qGs1.1, detected at 3 stages, qWue2, qTr1.2 and qCc3.2, detected at 2 stages; 6 co-located QTLs were identified, each of which conferring 2-5 different traits, demonstrated the gene pleiotropy between photosynthetic traits; 2 QTL clusters, located within the marker intervals RCM1842-RCM1335 and RCM523-RCM83, contained 15/5 (F/BC) and 4/4 (F/BC) QTLs conferring multiple traits, including co-located QTLs and main-effect QTLs. The above results provided new insights into the genetic structure of photosynthetic traits and important references for the high photosynthetic efficiency breeding in castor plant.
Topics: Ricinus; Plant Breeding; Castor Oil; Chromosome Mapping; Quantitative Trait Loci
PubMed: 37640794
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41241-y -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023The gut microbiota and the endocannabinoidome (eCBome) play important roles in regulating energy homeostasis, and both are closely linked to dietary habits. However, the...
The gut microbiota and the endocannabinoidome (eCBome) play important roles in regulating energy homeostasis, and both are closely linked to dietary habits. However, the complex and compositional nature of these variables has limited our understanding of their interrelationship. This study aims to decipher the interrelation between dietary intake and the gut microbiome-eCBome axis using two different approaches for measuring dietary intake: one based on whole food and the other on macronutrient intakes. We reveal that food patterns, rather than macronutrient intakes, were associated with the gut microbiome-eCBome axis in a sample of healthy men and women (n = 195). N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and gut microbial families were correlated with intakes of vegetables, refined grains, olive oil and meats independently of adiposity and energy intakes. Specifically, higher intakes in vegetables and olive oil were associated with increased relative abundance of Clostridiaceae, Veillonellaceae and Peptostreptococaceae, decreased relative abundance of Acidominococaceae, higher circulating levels of NAEs, and higher HDL and LDL cholesterol levels. Our findings highlight the relative importance of food patterns in determining the gut microbiome-eCBome axis. They emphasize the importance of recognizing the contribution of dietary habits in these systems to develop personalized dietary interventions for preventing and treating metabolic disorders through this axis.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Olive Oil; Diet; Eating; Vegetables; Blood Group Antigens; Ethanolamines
PubMed: 37735572
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41650-z -
Nutrients Mar 2024Altered intestinal health is also associated with the incidence and severity of many chronic inflammatory conditions, which could be attenuated via dietary -3 PUFA...
Effect of Lifelong Exposure to Dietary Plant and Marine Sources of -3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Morphologic and Gene Expression Biomarkers of Intestinal Health in Early Life.
Altered intestinal health is also associated with the incidence and severity of many chronic inflammatory conditions, which could be attenuated via dietary -3 PUFA interventions. However, little is known about the effect of lifelong exposure to -3 PUFA from plant and marine sources (beginning in utero via the maternal diet) on early life biomarkers of intestinal health. Harems of C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned to one of three isocaloric AIN-93G modified diets differing in their fat sources consisting of the following: (i) 10% safflower oil (SO, enriched in -6 PUFA), (ii) 3% flaxseed oil + 7% safflower oil (FX, plant-based -3 PUFA-enriched diet), or (iii) 3% menhaden fish oil + 7% safflower oil (MO, marine-based -3 PUFA-enriched diet). Mothers remained on these diets throughout pregnancy and offspring (n = 14/diet) continued on the same parental diet until termination at 3 weeks of age. In ileum, villi:crypt length ratios were increased in both the FX and MO dietary groups compared to SO ( < 0.05). Ileum mRNA expression of critical intestinal health biomarkers was increased by both -3 PUFA-enriched diets including and compared to SO ( < 0.05), whereas only the FX diet increased mRNA expression of and ( < 0.05) and only the MO diet increased mRNA expression of ( < 0.05). In the proximal colon, both the FX and MO diets increased crypt lengths compared to SO ( < 0.05), whereas only the MO diet increased goblet cell numbers compared to SO ( < 0.05). Further, the MO diet increased proximal colon mRNA expression of and ( < 0.05) and both MO and FX increased mRNA expression of compared to SO ( < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrate that lifelong exposure to dietary -3 PUFA, beginning in utero, from both plant and marine sources, can support intestinal health development in early life. The differential effects between plant and marine sources warrants further investigation for optimizing health.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Pregnancy; Female; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Safflower Oil; Fish Oils; Diet; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Biomarkers; Gene Expression; RNA, Messenger; Fatty Acids
PubMed: 38474847
DOI: 10.3390/nu16050719 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023It has been reported that vanillin has been intentionally added to enhance the taste and flavor of low-quality vegetable oils. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate...
It has been reported that vanillin has been intentionally added to enhance the taste and flavor of low-quality vegetable oils. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the accurate concentrations of vanillin in three types of fragrant vegetable oils commonly consumed in China. In this study, a method has been developed for the quantification of vanillin in commercial fragrant vegetable oils using the stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) and headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the analyte were determined to be 20 µg kg and 50 µg kg, respectively. The validation study demonstrated that the recoveries ranged from 89% to 101%, with intra-day and inter-day precision being less than 7.46%. A survey of 80 commercially available fragrant vegetable oils was performed using the present method. Vanillin was found to be widely present in fragrant vegetable oils, with sesame oils showing the highest average content (842.6 µg kg), followed by rapeseed oils (262.1 µg kg) and peanut oils (115.0 µg kg). The results indicate that the proposed method is a simple, accurate, and eco-friendly approach for determining the presences of vanillin in fragrant vegetable oils.
Topics: Solid Phase Microextraction; Plant Oils; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Isotopes
PubMed: 37959708
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217288 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2023Farm foresters and other growers are establishing a ground-durable hardwood resource, including the emerging plantation species Eucalyptus bosistoana in New Zealand. The...
Farm foresters and other growers are establishing a ground-durable hardwood resource, including the emerging plantation species Eucalyptus bosistoana in New Zealand. The foliage of this species contains essential oils in quantity and quality suitable for commercial extraction. Essential oil production could improve the economic viability of E. bosistoana plantations, diversifying the grower's income and providing an early revenue stream. This study assessed the economic potential for essential oil production from New Zealand grown E. bosistoana plantations. A sensitivity analysis indicated that uncertainty of leaf biomass availability, genetic as well as seasonal changes in oil content, and fluctuations in essential oil price are equally important on the viability of an essential oil operation. Small-scale essential oil production could be sustainably supplied with foliage from thinning and pruning operations sourced from the envisaged regional planting programmes and commence in 3-5 years. A large-scale operation could be supplied when trees will be harvested. Lastly, based on the operational costs of a domestic small-scale essential oil producer, oil value from E. bosistoana would exceed the cost of production.
Topics: Eucalyptus Oil; Eucalyptus; New Zealand; Plant Leaves; Biomass; Agriculture
PubMed: 37640730
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40632-5 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024A Mediterranean dietary pattern, sleeping habits, physical activity, and lifestyle appear to affect reproductive health. There are few reports about whether...
OBJECTIVE
A Mediterranean dietary pattern, sleeping habits, physical activity, and lifestyle appear to affect reproductive health. There are few reports about whether fertility-specific quality of life (QOL) is linked to infertility treatment outcomes. The aim of this study is to investigate when lifestyle factors and fertility-specific QOL are comprehensively considered, which factors influence assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes.
METHODS
This prospective cohort includes 291 women undergoing a first ART treatment at multiple centers in Japan and was designed to evaluate the influence of diet, physical activity, sleeping pattern, computer use duration, and fertility-specific quality of life tool (FertiQoL) score on ART treatment outcomes using a questionnaire. The primary endpoint was the good-quality blastocyst rate per oocyte retrieval and the secondary endpoints were a positive pregnancy test and gestational sac (GS) detection.
RESULTS
The good-quality blastocyst rate per oocyte retrieval tended to be negatively associated with frequent fish consumption. After all embryo transfer (ET) cycles, a positive pregnancy test tended to be positively associated with longer sleep and longer computer use (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 0.9-2.7 and OR = 1.7, CI = 1.0-2.8, respectively) and negatively associated with a smoking partner (OR = 0.6, CI = 0.3-1.0). GS detection was positively and significantly associated with frequent olive oil intake and longer computer use (OR = 1.7, CI = 1.0-3.0 and OR = 1.7, CI = 1.0-3.0, respectively). After ET cycles with a single blastocyst, a positive pregnancy test was positively and significantly associated with longer computer use (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.1-3.7), while GS detection was significantly more likely in women with longer computer use (OR = 2.1, CI = 1.1-3.8) and tended to be more likely in women with a higher FertiQoL Total scaled treatment score (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.0-3.3). p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant and 0.05 ≤ p <0.01 as tendency.
CONCLUSIONS
Olive oil may be an important factor in dietary habits. Fertility-specific QOL and smoking cessation guidance for partners are important for infertile couples.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Quality of Life; Prospective Studies; Olive Oil; Fertility; Fertilization in Vitro; Infertility; Life Style
PubMed: 38572478
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1346084