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A signal peptide peptidase is required for ER-symbiosome proximal association and protein secretion.Nature Communications Jul 2023During legume-rhizobia symbiosis, differentiation of the symbiosome (engulfed intracellular rhizobia) is necessary for successful nitrogen fixation. To control...
During legume-rhizobia symbiosis, differentiation of the symbiosome (engulfed intracellular rhizobia) is necessary for successful nitrogen fixation. To control symbiosome differentiation, host cell subcellular components, e.g., ER (endoplasmic reticulum), must adapt robustly to ensure large-scale host protein secretion to the new organelle. However, the key components controlling the adaption of ER in nodule cells remain elusive. We report that Medicago BID1, a nodule-specific signal peptide peptidase (SPP), is central to ER structural dynamics and host protein secretion. In bid1, symbiosome differentiation is blocked. BID1 localizes specifically to the ER membrane and expresses exclusively in nodule cells with symbiosomes. In the wild type ER forms proximal association structures with symbiosomes, but not in bid1. Consequently, in bid1 excessive ER stress responses are induced and ER-to-symbiosome protein secretion is impaired. In summary, a nodule-specific SPP is necessary for ER-symbiosome proximal association, host protein secretion, and symbiosome differentiation.
Topics: Root Nodules, Plant; Protein Transport; Nitrogen Fixation; Symbiosis; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 37468528
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40008-3 -
The Plant Cell Jan 2024Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLRs) immune receptors directly or indirectly recognize pathogen-secreted effector molecules to initiate plant defense....
Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLRs) immune receptors directly or indirectly recognize pathogen-secreted effector molecules to initiate plant defense. Recognition of multiple pathogens by a single NLR is rare and usually occurs via monitoring for changes to host proteins; few characterized NLRs have been shown to recognize multiple effectors. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) NLR gene Mildew locus a (Mla) has undergone functional diversification, and the proteins encoded by different Mla alleles recognize host-adapted isolates of barley powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei [Bgh]). Here, we show that Mla3 also confers resistance to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae in a dosage-dependent manner. Using a forward genetic screen, we discovered that the recognized effector from M. oryzae is Pathogenicity toward Weeping Lovegrass 2 (Pwl2), a host range determinant factor that prevents M. oryzae from infecting weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula). Mla3 has therefore convergently evolved the capacity to recognize effectors from diverse pathogens.
Topics: Virulence; Hordeum; Eragrostis; Plants; Host Specificity; Plant Diseases; Plant Proteins; Magnaporthe; Ascomycota
PubMed: 37820736
DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad266 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Aug 2023Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are intracellular immune receptors that restrict plant invasion by pathogens. Most NLRs operate in intricate... (Review)
Review
Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are intracellular immune receptors that restrict plant invasion by pathogens. Most NLRs operate in intricate networks to detect pathogen effectors in a robust and efficient manner. NLRs are not static sensors; rather, they exhibit remarkable mobility and structural plasticity during the innate immune response. Inactive NLRs localize to diverse subcellular compartments where they are poised to sense pathogen effectors. During pathogen attack, some NLRs relocate toward the plant-pathogen interface, possibly to ensure their timely activation. Activated NLRs reorganize into wheel-shaped oligomers, some of which then form plasma membrane pores that promote calcium influx and programmed cell death. The emerging paradigm is that this variable and dynamic nature underpins effective NLR-mediated immunity.
Topics: Disease Resistance; Plants; NLR Proteins; Plant Immunity; Plant Diseases; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 37172365
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102372 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023Plant architecture and organ size are considered as important traits in crop breeding and germplasm improvement. Although several factors affecting plant architecture...
Plant architecture and organ size are considered as important traits in crop breeding and germplasm improvement. Although several factors affecting plant architecture and organ size have been identified in rice, the genetic and regulatory mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified and characterized the () mutant in rice (), which exhibits narrow and rolled leaf, reductions in plant height, root length, and grain width, and other morphological defects. Map-based cloning revealed that is allelic with , a gene encoding the cellulose synthase-like protein D4, and is highly expressed in the roots at the seedling and tillering stages. Microscopic observation revealed the mutant had reduced number and width in leaf veins, smaller size of leaf bulliform cells, reduced cell length and cell area in the culm, and decreased width of epidermal cells in the outer glume of the grain. These results indicate the role of in modulating cell division and cell expansion, which modulates plant architecture and organ size. It is showed that the contents of endogenous hormones including auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellin, and zeatin tested in the mutant were significantly altered, compared to the wild type. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are significantly enriched in the pathways associated with plant hormone signal transduction, cell cycle progression, and cell wall formation. These results indicated that the loss of / function disrupted cell wall cellulose synthase and hormones homeostasis and signaling, thus leading to smaller plant and organ size in . Taken together, we suggest the functional role of / in the control of rice plant and organ size by modulating cell division and expansion, likely through the effects of multiple hormonal pathways on cell wall formation.
Topics: Oryza; Plant Proteins; Organ Size; Plant Breeding; Hormones; Plant Leaves; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 38069299
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316974 -
Journal of Experimental Botany Jun 2024Formins are a large, evolutionarily old family of cytoskeletal regulators whose roles include actin capping and nucleation, as well as modulation of microtubule... (Review)
Review
Formins are a large, evolutionarily old family of cytoskeletal regulators whose roles include actin capping and nucleation, as well as modulation of microtubule dynamics. The plant class I formin clade is characterized by a unique domain organization, as most of its members are transmembrane proteins with possible cell wall-binding motifs exposed to the extracytoplasmic space-a structure that appears to be a synapomorphy of the plant kingdom. While such transmembrane formins are traditionally considered mainly as plasmalemma-localized proteins contributing to the organization of the cell cortex, we review, from a cell biology perspective, the growing evidence that they can also, at least temporarily, reside (and in some cases also function) in endomembranes including secretory and endocytotic pathway compartments, the endoplasmic reticulum, the nuclear envelope, and the tonoplast. Based on this evidence, we propose that class I formins may thus serve as 'active cargoes' of membrane trafficking-membrane-embedded proteins that modulate the fate of endo- or exocytotic compartments while being transported by them.
Topics: Cell Membrane; Protein Transport; Plant Proteins; Formins; Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 38401146
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae078 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023DC1 (Divergent C1) domain proteins are a new class of proteins that have been discovered in recent years, which play an important role in plant growth, development, and...
DC1 (Divergent C1) domain proteins are a new class of proteins that have been discovered in recent years, which play an important role in plant growth, development, and stress response. In order to better study the distribution and function of DC1 domain proteins in tomatoes, a genome-wide identification was conducted. It was found that there are twenty-one DC1 domain protein genes distributed on nine chromosomes of tomatoes, named . Phylogenetic analysis shows that twenty-one genes are divided into six subfamilies. Most of the genes in tomatoes have no or very short introns. All SlCHP proteins, with the exception of SlCHP8 and SlCHP17, contain variable amounts of C1 domain. Analysis of the gene promoter sequence revealed multiple cis-elements responsive to plant stress. qRT-CR analysis showed that most members of gene expressed in the roots. The , , , and genes showed specific responses to high temperature, low temperature, salt, and drought stress. In addition, the subcellular localization and interaction proteins of SlCHP were analyzed and predicted. Together, these results provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of the function and mechanism of the gene in tomatoes.
Topics: Solanum lycopersicum; Plant Proteins; Phylogeny; Stress, Physiological; Transcription Factors; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Multigene Family
PubMed: 38069320
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316994 -
Cells Nov 2023The pivotal role of / transcriptional factors in crops involved in the abiotic stress response has been highlighted. The CBFs represent an important hub in the... (Review)
Review
The pivotal role of / transcriptional factors in crops involved in the abiotic stress response has been highlighted. The CBFs represent an important hub in the ICE-CBF-COR pathway, which is one of the most relevant mechanisms capable of activating the adaptive response to cold and drought in wheat, barley, and rye. Understanding the intricate mechanisms and regulation of the cluster of genes harbored by the homoeologous chromosome group 5 entails significant potential for the genetic improvement of small grain cereals. crops seem to share common mechanisms characterized, however, by some peculiar aspects of the response to stress, highlighting a combined landscape of single-nucleotide variants and copy number variation involving members of subgroup IV. Moreover, while chromosome 5 ploidy appears to confer species-specific levels of resistance, an important involvement of the factor might explain the greater tolerance of rye. By unraveling the genetic basis of abiotic stress tolerance, researchers can develop resilient varieties better equipped to withstand extreme environmental conditions. Hence, advancing our knowledge of and their interactions represents a promising avenue for improving crop resilience and food security.
Topics: Plant Proteins; DNA Copy Number Variations; Poaceae; Transcription Factors; Multigene Family
PubMed: 37998341
DOI: 10.3390/cells12222606 -
GM Crops & Food Dec 2024Soybean is one of the important oil crops and a major source of protein and lipids. Drought can cause severe soybean yields. Dehydrin protein (DHN) is a subfamily of LEA...
Soybean is one of the important oil crops and a major source of protein and lipids. Drought can cause severe soybean yields. Dehydrin protein (DHN) is a subfamily of LEA proteins that play an important role in plant responses to abiotic stresses. In this study, the soybean gene was cloned and induced under a variety of abiotic stresses. Results showed that the gene response was more pronounced under drought induction. Subcellular localization results indicated that the protein was localized in the cytoplasm. The role of transgenic Arabidopsis plants in drought stress response was further studied. Under drought stress, the germination rate, root length, chlorophyll, proline, relative water content, and antioxidant enzyme content of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic genes were higher than those of wild-type plants, and transgenic plants contained less O, HO and MDA contents. In short, the gene can regulate the homeostasis of ROS and enhance the drought resistance of plants.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Drought Resistance; Glycine max; Plant Proteins; Hydrogen Peroxide; Stress, Physiological; Droughts; Plants, Genetically Modified; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 38564429
DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2024.2327116 -
Nature Communications Mar 2024Proteins containing a ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain are cofactors of Cell Division Cycle 48 (CDC48) and function in protein quality control. However, whether and...
Proteins containing a ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain are cofactors of Cell Division Cycle 48 (CDC48) and function in protein quality control. However, whether and how UBX-containing proteins participate in host-microbe interactions remain unclear. Here we show that MoNLE1, an effector from the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is a core virulence factor that suppresses rice immunity by specifically interfering with OsPUX8B.2. The UBX domain of OsPUX8B.2 is required for its binding to OsATG8 and OsCDC48-6 and controls its 26 S proteasome-dependent stability. OsPUX8B.2 and OsCDC48-6 positively regulate plant immunity against blast fungus, while the high-temperature tolerance heat-shock protein OsBHT, a putative cytoplasmic substrate of OsPUX8B.2-OsCDC48-6, negatively regulates defense against blast infection. MoNLE1 promotes the nuclear migration and degradation of OsPUX8B.2 and disturbs its association with OsBHT. Given the high conservation of MoNLE1 among fungal isolates, plants with broad and durable blast resistance might be generated by engineering intracellular proteins resistant to MoNLE1.
Topics: Host-Pathogen Interactions; Magnaporthe; Plant Immunity; Biological Transport; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plant Proteins; Oryza; Plant Diseases; Fungal Proteins
PubMed: 38519521
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46903-7 -
PloS One 2023TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factors are a plant-specific family and play roles in plant growth, development, and responses...
TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factors are a plant-specific family and play roles in plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known about the functions of the TCP transcription factors in the soybean cultivars with tolerance to salt stress. In this study, TCP9-like, a TCP transcription factor, was identified in the soybean cultivars exposed to salt stress. The expression of TCP9-like gene in the roots of salt-tolerant soybean cultivars was higher than that in salt-sensitive cultivars treated with NaCl. The overexpression of TCP9-like enhanced the salt tolerance of the salt-sensitive soybean cultivar 'DN50'. In T2 generation, the plants with TCP9-like overexpression had significantly lower Na+ accumulation and higher K+ accumulation than the WT plants exposed to 200 or 250 mmol/L NaCl. The K+/Na+ ratio in the plants overexpressing TCP9-like was significantly higher than that in WT plants treated with 200 mmol/L NaCl. Meanwhile, the overexpression of TCP9-like up-regulated the expression levels of GmNHX1, GmNHX3, GmSOS1, GmSOS2-like, and GmHKT1, which were involved in the K+/Na+ homeostasis pathway. The findings indicated that TCP9-like mediated the regulation of both Na+ and K+ accumulation to improve the tolerance of soybean to salt stress.
Topics: Plants, Genetically Modified; Glycine max; Salt Tolerance; Sodium Chloride; Transcription Factors; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 37494336
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288985