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Frontiers in Immunology 2023Allergic rhinitis is a non-infectious chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa that affects T cells and their cytokines. T cells play significant roles in the... (Review)
Review
Allergic rhinitis is a non-infectious chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa that affects T cells and their cytokines. T cells play significant roles in the development of allergic inflammatory diseases by orchestrating mechanisms underlying innate and adaptive immunity. Although many studies on allergic rhinitis have focused on helper T cells, molecular makeup, and pathogenesis-related transduction pathways, pathological mechanisms have not yet been completely explored. Recent studies have suggested that T cell status may play an important role in the interaction between T cells and the nasal mucosal barrier in allergic rhinitis. This study aimed to explore the interactions between T cells and nasal mucosal barriers in allergic rhinitis and to review the therapeutic modalities of pertinent biological agents involving T cells.
Topics: Humans; Rhinitis, Allergic; Nasal Mucosa; Inflammation; Cytokines; Adaptive Immunity
PubMed: 37771581
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224129 -
Cureus Jan 2024Finger stiffness may arise from injuries, surgeries, or hand-related medical conditions, impacting hand function and overall well-being in daily life. Rehabilitation and...
Finger stiffness may arise from injuries, surgeries, or hand-related medical conditions, impacting hand function and overall well-being in daily life. Rehabilitation and hand therapy play a crucial role in restoring optimal range of motion, strength, and functionality. This article introduces the Self-Assisted Finger Stiffness Splint (SFSS), a dynamic splint designed for active finger movement applicable in post-trauma or postoperative rehabilitation. SFSS empowers patients to perform self-administered stretching exercises, expediting recovery and improving compliance. Its versatility extends to postoperative rehabilitation, covering cases like tenolysis of extensor tendons or rehabilitation after fracture healing. While particularly effective for proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) and metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) stiffness, SFSS remains valuable for managing isolated finger stiffness and proves beneficial in addressing multiple-digit stiffness.
PubMed: 38333468
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51921 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases May 2024Lymphedema is a prevalent complication affecting patients with breast cancer, greatly impacting their quality of life. This editorial describes diagnostic methods and...
Lymphedema is a prevalent complication affecting patients with breast cancer, greatly impacting their quality of life. This editorial describes diagnostic methods and therapeutic interventions for managing lymphedema in patients with breast cancer. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation and objective measures, including arm circumference and volumetric assessments, along with lymphoscintigraphy and ultrasonic measurements. Treatment primarily involves complex decongestive physical therapy, comprising manual lymphatic drainage, compression therapy, exercise, and meticulous skin care. These interventions aim to reduce swelling, alleviate discomfort, and prevent further complications. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as avoiding extreme temperatures and maintaining proper hygiene are essential. Flavonoids can be used for drug therapy. Despite its prevalence, lymphedema often receives inadequate attention in clinical practice, emphasizing the importance of raising awareness and enhancing medical services for affected individuals. Clinicians play a pivotal role in educating patients about preventive measures and ensuring timely intervention. Overall, a comprehensive approach encompassing early diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and patient education is essential to mitigate the burden of lymphedema in patients with breast cancer and improve their overall well-being.
PubMed: 38817238
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i15.2482 -
Heliyon Dec 2023Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most devastating cancers with a high incidence and mortality rates of all cancers. Locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC... (Review)
Review
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most devastating cancers with a high incidence and mortality rates of all cancers. Locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients can benefit from platinum-based chemotherapy and targeted therapy drugs. Nevertheless, primary or acquired drug resistance will result in ineffective treatment, leading to tumor progression. The detailed mechanism underlying drug resistance to NSCLC are complicated and result from various factor. Among them, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to be critically involved in NSCLC development and play a vital role in mediating therapy resistance. In this review, we attempt to systematically summarize the mechanisms underlying the lncRNA-mediated resistance to chemotherapy agents and targeted therapy drugs against lung cancer.
PubMed: 38089985
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22591 -
ACS Omega Apr 2024Tumors are one of the main diseases threatening human life and health. The emergence of nanotechnology in recent years has introduced a novel therapeutic avenue for... (Review)
Review
Tumors are one of the main diseases threatening human life and health. The emergence of nanotechnology in recent years has introduced a novel therapeutic avenue for addressing tumors. Through the amalgamation of nanotechnology's inherent attributes with those of natural enzymes, nanozymes have demonstrated the ability to initiate catalytic reactions, modulate the biological microenvironment, and facilitate the adoption of multifaceted therapeutic approaches, thereby exhibiting considerable promise in the realm of cancer treatment. In this Review, the application of nanozymes in chemodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and starvation therapy are summarized. Moreover, a detailed discussion regarding the mechanism of conferring physiotherapeutic functionality upon catalytic nanosystems is provided. It is posited that this innovative catalytic treatment holds significant potential to play a crucial role within the domain of nanomedicine.
PubMed: 38617672
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00258 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has plagued human society for a long time since its discovery, causing a large number of patients to suffer and costing hundreds of... (Review)
Review
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has plagued human society for a long time since its discovery, causing a large number of patients to suffer and costing hundreds of millions of medical services every year. Scientists have found that HIV and antiretroviral therapy accelerate immune aging by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, and that terminal effector memory T cells (TEMRA cells) are crucial in immune aging. This specific subset of effector memory T cells has terminally differentiated properties and exhibits high cytotoxicity and proinflammatory capacity. We therefore explored and described the interplay between exhaustion features, essential markers, functions, and signaling pathways from previous studies on HIV, antiretroviral therapy, immune senescence, and TEMRA cells. Their remarkable antiviral capacity is then highlighted by elucidating phenotypic changes in TEMRA cells during HIV infection, describing changes in TEMRA cells before, during, and after antiretroviral therapy and other drug treatments. Their critical role in complications and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-HIV superinfection is highlighted. These studies demonstrate that TEMRA cells play a key role in the antiviral response and immune senescence during HIV infection. Finally, we review current therapeutic strategies targeting TEMRA cells that may be clinically beneficial, highlight their potential role in HIV-1 vaccine development, and provide perspectives and predictions for related future applications.
Topics: Humans; HIV Infections; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cellular Senescence; Cell Differentiation; Antiviral Agents
PubMed: 37901239
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284293 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Aug 2023Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, and as such, investigators are constantly exploring underlying mechanisms that drive its progression. One area of... (Review)
Review
Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, and as such, investigators are constantly exploring underlying mechanisms that drive its progression. One area of interest is the role of lysosomal enzymes, such as cathepsins, in regulating cancer growth and development in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Pericytes, a key component of vasculature, play a key role in regulating blood vessel formation in the TME, have been shown to be influenced by cathepsins and their activity. Although cathepsins such as cathepsins D and L have been shown to induce angiogenesis, currently no direct link is known between pericytes and cathepsins interaction. This review aims to shed light on the potential interplay between pericytes and cathepsins in the TME, highlighting the possible implications for cancer therapy and future research directions.
Topics: Humans; Pericytes; Cathepsins; Tumor Microenvironment; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37236029
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114932 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2023Due to their non-toxic function in biological systems, Iron oxide NPs (IO-NPs) are very attractive in biomedical applications. The magnetic properties of IO-NPs enable a... (Review)
Review
Due to their non-toxic function in biological systems, Iron oxide NPs (IO-NPs) are very attractive in biomedical applications. The magnetic properties of IO-NPs enable a variety of biomedical applications. We evaluated the usage of IO-NPs for anticancer effects. This paper lists the applications of IO-NPs in general and the clinical targeting of IO-NPs. The application of IONPs along with photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) is highlighted in this review's explanation for cancer treatment strategies. The review's study shows that IO-NPs play a beneficial role in biological activity because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, simplicity of production, and hybrid NPs forms with IO-NPs. In this review, we have briefly discussed cancer therapy and hyperthermia and NPs used in PTT, PDT, and MHT. IO-NPs have a particular effect on cancer therapy when combined with PTT, PDT, and MHT were the key topics of the review and were covered in depth. The IO-NPs formulations may be uniquely specialized in cancer treatments with PTT, PDT, and MHT, according to this review investigation.
Topics: Photochemotherapy; Nanoparticles; Ferric Compounds; Hyperthermia, Induced; Magnetic Phenomena; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37814664
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S404394 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Insulin resistance, as a common pathological process of many metabolic diseases, including diabetes and obesity, has attracted much attention due to its relevant... (Review)
Review
Insulin resistance, as a common pathological process of many metabolic diseases, including diabetes and obesity, has attracted much attention due to its relevant influencing factors. To date, studies have mainly focused on the shared mechanisms between mitochondrial stress and insulin resistance, and they are now being pursued as a very attractive therapeutic target due to their extensive involvement in many human clinical settings. In view of the complex pathogenesis of diabetes, natural drugs have become new players in diabetes prevention and treatment because of their wide targets and few side effects. In particular, plant phenolics have received attention because of their close relationship with oxidative stress. In this review, we briefly review the mechanisms by which mitochondrial stress leads to insulin resistance. Moreover, we list some cytokines and genes that have recently been found to play roles in mitochondrial stress and insulin resistance. Furthermore, we describe several natural drugs that are currently widely used and give a brief overview of their therapeutic mechanisms. Finally, we suggest possible ideas for future research related to the unique role that natural drugs play in the treatment of insulin resistance through the above targets.
Topics: Humans; Insulin Resistance; Diabetes Mellitus; Obesity; Mitochondria; Oxidative Stress; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
PubMed: 37513397
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145525