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Cureus Mar 2024Gastric cancer stands as a significant global health concern, particularly prevalent in Eastern Asia, with high mortality rates urging urgent attention and research... (Review)
Review
Gastric cancer stands as a significant global health concern, particularly prevalent in Eastern Asia, with high mortality rates urging urgent attention and research efforts. This article comprehensively explores the epidemiology, anatomy, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment modalities, prevention strategies, and survival rates associated with gastric cancer. Notably, infection, dietary choices, and intricate stomach anatomy play pivotal roles in disease development. Early detection, utilizing staging, grading, and genetic testing for personalized treatment approaches is emphasized. Treatment modalities encompass surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Prevention strategies involve lifestyle changes, screening, and genetic counseling. Survival rates vary by stage, highlighting the need for individualized care. In conclusion, a collaborative global effort is essential to address the impact of gastric cancer and improve outcomes.
PubMed: 38595903
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55902 -
Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Oct 2023Inflammation is thought to play a key role in malignant disease and may play a significant part in the expression of cancer-related symptoms. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
Inflammation is thought to play a key role in malignant disease and may play a significant part in the expression of cancer-related symptoms. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a bioactive compound in cannabis and is reported to have significant anti-inflammatory properties.
METHOD
Serial C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured in all participants recruited to a randomised controlled trial of CBD versus placebo in patients with symptoms related to advanced cancer. A panel of inflammatory cytokines was measured over time in a subset of these patients.
RESULTS
There was no difference between the two arms in the trajectory of CRP or cytokine levels from baseline to day 28.
CONCLUSION
We were unable to demonstrate an anti-inflammatory effect of CBD in cancer patients.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ANZCTR 26180001220257, registered 20/07/2018.
Topics: Humans; Medical Marijuana; Cannabidiol; Cannabis; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37837446
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08069-8 -
Cancer Biology & Therapy Dec 2024Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor. Despite advances in treatment, it remains one of the most aggressive and deadly tumor of the central nervous... (Review)
Review
Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor. Despite advances in treatment, it remains one of the most aggressive and deadly tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Gliomas are characterized by high malignancy, heterogeneity, invasiveness, and high resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is urgent to find potential new molecular targets for glioma. The TRPM channels consist of TRPM1-TPRM8 and play a role in many cellular functions, including proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, etc. More and more studies have shown that TRPM channels can be used as new therapeutic targets for glioma. In this review, we first introduce the structure, activation patterns, and physiological functions of TRPM channels. Additionally, the pathological mechanism of glioma mediated by TRPM2, 3, 7, and 8 and the related signaling pathways are described. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting TRPM for glioma.
Topics: Humans; Glioma; TRPM Cation Channels; Brain Neoplasms; Signal Transduction; Animals
PubMed: 38680092
DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2338955 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2024This review highlights the significance of supportive care for elderly patients with cancer and their caregivers. Supportive care for older patients with cancer focuses... (Review)
Review
This review highlights the significance of supportive care for elderly patients with cancer and their caregivers. Supportive care for older patients with cancer focuses on improving their quality of life by addressing physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects related to the treatment and care of the patient. Patient-reported outcomes and family involvement may play significant roles in providing holistic support. Interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals ensures effective treatment and enhances the patient's journey throughout the disease trajectory.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Quality of Life; Palliative Care; Terminal Care; Neoplasms; Caregivers
PubMed: 38305319
DOI: 10.61409/V06230429 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Dec 2023Regulatory T cells are a subgroup of T cells with immunomodulatory functions. Different from most cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells, they play a supporting role in... (Review)
Review
Regulatory T cells are a subgroup of T cells with immunomodulatory functions. Different from most cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells, they play a supporting role in the immune system. What's more, regulatory T cells often play an immunosuppressive role, which mainly plays a role in maintaining the stability of the immune system and regulating the immune response in the body. However, recent studies have shown that not only playing a role in autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and other aspects, regulatory T cells can also play a role in the immune escape of tumors in the body, through various mechanisms to help tumor cells escape from the demic immune system, weakening the anti-cancer effect in the body. For a better understanding of the role that regulatory T cells can play in cancer, and to be able to use regulatory T cells for tumor immunotherapy more quickly. This review focuses on the research progress of various mechanisms of regulatory T cells in the tumor environment, the related research of tumor cells acting on regulatory T cells, and the existing various therapeutic methods acting on regulatory T cells.
Topics: Humans; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Immunomodulation; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37806087
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115142 -
Biomolecules Mar 2024Diabetes and its associated complications have increasingly become major challenges for global healthcare. The current therapeutic strategies involve insulin replacement... (Review)
Review
Diabetes and its associated complications have increasingly become major challenges for global healthcare. The current therapeutic strategies involve insulin replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and small-molecule drugs for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite these advances, the complex nature of diabetes necessitates innovative clinical interventions for effective treatment and complication prevention. Accumulative evidence suggests that protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), including glycosylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, and SUMOylation, play important roles in diabetes and its pathological consequences. Therefore, the investigation of these PTMs not only sheds important light on the mechanistic regulation of diabetes but also opens new avenues for targeted therapies. Here, we offer a comprehensive overview of the role of several PTMs in diabetes, focusing on the most recent advances in understanding their functions and regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, we summarize the pharmacological interventions targeting PTMs that have advanced into clinical trials for the treatment of diabetes. Current challenges and future perspectives are also provided.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Phosphorylation; Glycosylation; Sumoylation
PubMed: 38540730
DOI: 10.3390/biom14030310 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Pruritus is the most common symptom of dermatological disorders, and prurigo nodularis (PN) is notorious for intractable and severe itching. Conventional treatments... (Review)
Review
Pruritus is the most common symptom of dermatological disorders, and prurigo nodularis (PN) is notorious for intractable and severe itching. Conventional treatments often yield disappointing outcomes, significantly affecting patients' quality of life and psychological well-being. The pathogenesis of PN is associated with a self-sustained "itch-scratch" vicious cycle. Recent investigations of PN-related itch have partially revealed the intricate interactions within the cutaneous neuroimmune network; however, the underlying mechanism remains undetermined. Itch mediators play a key role in pruritus amplification in PN and understanding their action mechanism will undoubtedly lead to the development of novel targeted antipruritic agents. In this review, we describe a series of pruritogens and receptors involved in mediating itching in PN, including cytokines, neuropeptides, extracellular matrix proteins, vasculogenic substances, ion channels, and intracellular signaling pathways. Moreover, we provide a prospective outlook on potential therapies based on existing findings.
Topics: Humans; Prurigo; Quality of Life; Pruritus; Neuropeptides; Administration, Cutaneous
PubMed: 38077377
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301817 -
The EMBO Journal Jul 2023Interferons (IFNs) are antiviral cytokines that play a key role in the innate immune response to viral infections. In response to viral stimuli, cells produce and... (Review)
Review
Interferons (IFNs) are antiviral cytokines that play a key role in the innate immune response to viral infections. In response to viral stimuli, cells produce and release interferons, which then act on neighboring cells to induce the transcription of hundreds of genes. Many of these gene products either combat the viral infection directly, e.g., by interfering with viral replication, or help shape the following immune response. Here, we review how viral recognition leads to the production of different types of IFNs and how this production differs in spatial and temporal manners. We then continue to describe how these IFNs play different roles in the ensuing immune response depending on when and where they are produced or act during an infection.
Topics: Humans; Interferons; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3; Antiviral Agents; Immunity, Innate; Cytokines; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 37367474
DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112907 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Aug 2023Interactions in the tumour microenvironment (TME) are complex and pose a major oncological challenge. Immunotherapy has led to significant progress in recent years,... (Review)
Review
Interactions in the tumour microenvironment (TME) are complex and pose a major oncological challenge. Immunotherapy has led to significant progress in recent years, however, not all patients benefit from this. An increasing number of trials try to modulate the TME. Interferon type I (IFN-I) proteins play an important role in the immune response, having many beneficial effects in patients with cancer, particularly when administered locally. This review finds that targeted intratumoural delivery of IFN-I to the TME may mediate optimal therapeutic effects in solid cancers, having extensive implications for clinical oncology. However, an increased understanding of the mechanisms is imperative to develop new and better treatments for solid cancers.
Topics: Humans; Interferon Type I; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Immunotherapy; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37622604
DOI: No ID Found